Classification Msc

8/3/2019 Classification Msc

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Lecture#3- EMAN613- Marine Environment -Sarita Emmanuel


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"What's in a name? That which we call a

rose, By any other name would smell assweet.

omeo an u et,omeo an u et,William Shakespeare.William Shakespeare.



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The habitat scale in characterizing the marine environment:

The marine environment can be described or characterised at a number of different scales,ranging from ocean-level processes through to those that occur at species and genetic level(Connor et al. 2002). The scales of relevance here are marine landscapes, habitats andspecies; their inter-relationship can be expressed as follows:

Species provide the globally accepted original classification of biological diversity, withwell-established rules o taxonom to distin uish between di erent t es. Their

classification is arranged in a hierarchy of genera, families, orders, classes and phyla.

Habitats comprise suites of species (communities or assemblages) that consistently occurtogether, but which are derived from different parts of the taxonomic hierarchy (e.g. kelps,molluscs and fish in a kelp forest habitat). Their classification can also be structured in ahierarchy (biotopes, biotope complexes, broad habitats), reflecting degrees of similarity.

Marine Landscapes comprise suites of habitats that consistently occur together, butwhich are often derived from different parts of the habitat classification hierarchy (e.g.saltmarsh, intertidal mudflats, rocky shores and subtidal mussel beds in an estuary).

Source: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3079



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It comes naturally to us as humans to look for points of

comparison with objects/ events which are alreadypart of our experience.

o og sts c ass y organ sms on t e as s o t enumber of shared properties. Those with the greatest #can interbreed to produce fertile offspring are knownas members of the same species.



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Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms.

Classification schemes, like organisms continuouslyevolve as new techniques of molecular genetics are

oun . s e ps to u y un erstan re at ons psbetween organisms.

This has resulted in a creation of five kingdoms whichhave varying modes of nutrition and cellularorganisation:



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Classification comes a long way:

A hieracrhal system was created based on Aristotlesconcept of the kingdom as the highest categoryt intowhich living organisms can be grouped.

This idea was further developed by a swedish botanistnamed Carl Linne, who latinised his name into CarolusLinnaeus.

This system is now called the linnaen taxonomic systemwhich breaks down organisms into 7 major divisions:



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Kingdom

PhylumClassOrder

Family Genus Species

There are many major subdivisions within this 7 divisions; subphylum,sub class, Infraclass etc.



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Classification levels become more specific towards the

bottom.

Aspecies is one group genetically distinct ,

nter ree ng organ sms.



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The proper way to list a taxanomic name of an

organismis to list the genus and species.

This is known as binomial nomenclature; which

means a 2 name system.

When utilizing this system, the genus should always

be italised and Capitalised, while the species is notcapitalised.



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Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia

Order: Cetacea

Family: DelpinidaeGenus: Tursiops

Species: Tursiops truncatus

Common Name: Bottle noseDolphin



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in order to be considered a member of the same

species, adult males and females must be able tosuccessfully produce offspring when they mate.

ey are organ ze to re ect nown or assumeevolutionary relationships between various life forms.



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The taxanomic names are uaually in latin and namedafter the perosn who first described them.

Using latin helps to give a general description of theor anism. Hence once ou know latin ou can learn a

lot about an organism!

Homo sapiens: Homo means man

sapiens wise sapiens means wise; Homo sapiens mean wise

human.



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The animal kingdom groups together varying

organisms with similar body characteristics,complexities and evolutionary history.

ere are 10 ex st ng p y a n t e n ma ng omcontaining marine organisms:



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1. Protozoa ameoba, foraminifera, radiolaria

2. Porifera

sponges3. Cnidaria coral, jellyfish, sea anemones

4. Plathyhelminthes flatworms, tapeworms

5. emato a roun worms6. Annelida segmented worms

7. Mollusca snails, squids, bivalves, octopus

8. Arthrpoda crabs, shrimp, barnacles, krill

9. Echinodermata sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers

10. Chordata tunicates, fish, bird, reptiles, mammals.



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This can be further grouped into invertebrates and

vertebrates.

The benefit to you in understanding the nature of

t ese re at ons ps an t e un amenta s o t etaxonomic classification system is that you can safelymake some generalizations about a given animalsnatural history if you know about the natural history

of other species described in the same class, order,family or genus.



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Thank you!


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