Classification

Systematics

Classification Classification- the grouping of

objects or information based on

similarities

Taxonomy- “Biology’s

Classification”- a branch of

biology that groups and names

organisms based on studies in

their different characteristics and

evolutionary history

Classification • ARISTOTLE’S SYSTEM- the 1st system

2 categories- plants and animals

Plants Animals

- Herb - Land

- Shrub - Sea-

- Tree (fish and beavers)

- Air-

(birds and insects)

• Differences and similarities weren’t

accounted for in this system

Classification • LINNAEUS’S SYSTEM

– 2nd system of classification

Based on physical and structural

similarities of the organisms-

evolutionary history was taken into

account

Classification

Classification Taxon or Taxa- any group of organisms

Breaking it Down

District → school → class → sex

KLS→ KHS → Senior → Male

KMS Junior Female

W. Carlisle Sophomore

Penfield Freshman

Domain – 3 choices

Kingdom → most general

Phylum/Division → (subphylums are possible)

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species → most specific

• in the plant kingdom species may be split into

varieties; and in the animal kingdom species may be

split into subspecies

classification

Classification A 2 Word Naming System Was Developed Called

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

• The GENUS is the 1st word

– a group of similar species

– 1st letter is capitalized

• The SPECIES is the 2nd word

– -a characteristic that describes the organism

• Latin is used, underlined when written,

italicized when in print. Common names can

change from region or country

Classification How do we determine if 2

organisms are closely related?

1. structural similarities

2. breeding behavior

3. geographical distribution

4. chromosome comparisons

5. biochemistry

6. embryology

Classification • Phylogeny – the evolutionary

history of a species

• Cladistics- a system of

classification based on phylogeny

– Scientists identify inherited traits

and characteristics and use them to

make a branching diagram called a

cladogram

The Six Kingdoms

1. Archaebacteria - extreme environment

bacteria; prokaryotes

2. Eubacteria – common bacteria; prokaryotes

3. Protists - eukaryote that lacks complex organ

systems

and live in moist areas

4. Fungi - unicellular or multicellular eukaryote

that absorbs

nutrients from organic compounds

5. Plants - multicellular, photosynthetic,

eukaryote

6. Animals - multicellular, heterotrophs,

eukaryote