Classification
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Transcript of Classification
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ClassificationOnce there
was a man named Aristotle…
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He was a very smart man who like orderly things
(sometimes scientists are like that.)
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The world, however, was not orderly. All these random living things…it was a mess!
So…he decided to do something about it.
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He grouped living things into Plants…
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Or Animals.
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Then, he had a stroke of genius. He got even more specific and grouped all plants into…
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Trees,
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Shrubs
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And herbs.
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Animals were split into
Animals of the air…
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Water,
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Or Land.
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Notice any problems?
What about frogs,
both land and water?
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Enter Carolus Linneaus, 2000 years later.
He liked things orderly, also. Invented the modern classification system
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He wrote a book and decided to group living things in a different way. He grouped living things based on their STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES.
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He grouped similar groups into larger groups, until he had seven groupings.
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The Seven Taxons(Groupings):
Kingdom PhylumClass Order Family GenusSpecies
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Classification of Humans
Kingdom: animalPhylum: chordateClass: mammalOrder: primateFamily: hominidGenus: HomoSpecies: sapien
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Taxonomy(Systematics) – science of grouping and naming things
Scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name
Why? By using a scientific name, scientists can be sure everyone is discussing the same organism
Lepus arcticus
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Linneaus’ smallest grouping was called the species-reproduce with each other.
How specific does it go?
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Genus- a group of similar species
He grouped similar species into a larger grouping called genus.
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Binomial Nomenclature
GENUS + SPECIES = Scientific name!Examples:
Homo sapienAcer rubrumDrosophilia melanogasterFelis concolorFelis domesticus
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Today’s Modern Kingdoms
Prokaryotes- simple cells
1. Eubacteria- “normal” bacteria found everywhere
2. Archaebacteria- unusual bacteria found in hot springs, brine pools and mud
Eukaryotes- complex cells with nucleii
3. Fungus- mold, mushrooms, etc. decomposers
4. Protists- microscopic “left over” group
5. Plants- make food6. Animals- consumers
of food
1 2
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Cladogram (Phylogenetic tree)- diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.
Classification