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Page 1: Classifica tion HR diagram Star clusters TermsLife cycle Black holes Life Cycles 2 $ 200 $ 200$200 $ 200 $ 200 $400 $ 400$400 $ 400$400400 $600 $
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Page 3: Classifica tion HR diagram Star clusters TermsLife cycle Black holes Life Cycles 2 $ 200 $ 200$200 $ 200 $ 200 $400 $ 400$400 $ 400$400400 $600 $

Classification

HR diagram

Star clusters

TermsLife

cycleBlack holes

Life Cycles 2

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Temperature

The star's color index is a quick way of determining its

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Sun

The most famous G type star is:

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Planetary nebula

An envelope that is ejected from a Red Giant star and

spreads about the distance of our solar system would be

called:

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It’s mass

What is the single most important characteristic in

determining the course of a star's evolution?

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$1000Type G2 star, middle of HR diagram-average size and luminosity, end of life will be white dwarf,

only known star to support a planet with life.

Why is our star (the sun) frequently referred to as an “average” star? Compare the important

physical characteristics of the Sun with the most common types of stars.

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About the middle of the main sequence

On the HR Diagram, the sun lies where?

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At the top right of the diagram

Where on the H-R diagram, are red giants like Betelgeuse?

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In the lower left of the diagram

On the HR diagram, white dwarfs are where?

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White Dwarf

Stars that have masses similar to the sun but sizes similar to Earth are:

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On an H-R diagram where would a protostar lie in comparison to the main sequence?

Above and to the right of the main sequence.

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The stars are in old age (Red Giants) and there are hundreds of thousands to millions

of stars in a cluster.

Describe globular star clusters

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Massive blue main sequence stars

The brightest stars of a young open cluster will be

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Red Giants

In globular clusters the brightest stars will be

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Why are star clusters a great way for us to study star

evolution?

Stars that are in clusters are of similar age, (also composition and distance) from Earth.

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Collisions and physical interactions that can include mergers of object.

What can occur in star clusters because of the

number of stars that are close together.

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Brown Dwarfs

Objects which have contracted, but are too little mass to ignite nuclear reaction are called

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Red Giant

Stars that leave the main sequence because they run out of hydrogen in their cores and

eventually become white dwarfs are:

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Gravitation

What is the force that keeps a main sequence star from

blowing apart?

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Radiation pressure

What is the force that keeps a main sequence star from

collapsing on itself?

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A star is only stable when the pull of gravity is equal to the pressure of radiation. (When balanced it is in

hydrostatic equilibrium)

Why can we say a star spends its life trying to maintain

equilibrium?

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The igniting of nuclear fuel at 10 millionK

What process marks the birth of a new star (protostar to an

actual star) ?

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Why is it hard to study the life cycle of one star?

Stars live too long to be observed from birth to death

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$600It fragments into smaller clouds that form

into many stars

How does an interstellar gas cloud first begin to form

hundreds of stars

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$800Once it is heated up enough, nuclear fusion

ignites and radiation pressure stabilizes.

Why does gravitational contraction halt in collapsing protostars?

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Outline the process of star formation from interstellar

cloud to main sequence

An interstellar cloud is disturbed and begins to gravitationally collapse, fragments,It heats up and spins faster. When the core temperature reaches 10 mill K, nuclear fusion begins (H into He). When outward pressure equals inward pressure the star

enters the main sequence.

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Black hole

A “failed” supernova undergoes core collapse but instead of

forming a neutron star like a Type II supernova it forms a black hole.

A hypernova ends up as a

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More slowly

As a spaceship nears an event horizon, a clock on the spaceship will go more quickly or more slowly?

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$600We would continue to orbit in a period of

one year because the black hole would have the same mass and therefore the same

gravitational effect.

If the sun were replaced by a one solar mass blackhole would Earth

fall in right away or would we continue to orbit in a period of one

year?

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Look for effects on nearby objects

How are black holes identified (“seen”)?

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Event Horizon Math problem: Calculate the Scharzchild radius for the sun using the following:

R=2GM/c2

M=1.9x1030 kg

G=6.67x10-11 Nm2/kg2

C=3x108 m/sec

2.8 km

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Star formation may be triggered by __________which help gravity through compression of interstellar clouds to greater densities.

Shock waves from supernovae

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Strong winds develop during which phase of a protostar?

T Tauri

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When does the T Tauri star occur?

When a protostar in about to become a main sequence star

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Why is the largest group of stars the main sequence stars?

They are young enough to not have most of their hydrogen not fused into helium. They do not evolve off until helium is built up. Most of stars life time is spent as a main sequence star.

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What are three possible outcomes of stellar evolution? Which sized stars (in solar masses) on the Main Sequence are thought to become each of these?

If <1.4 Solar masses will become a white dwarf (Red Giant throws off a planetary nebula)1.4 to 3 solar masses becomes a neutron star from a Type II supernova explosion.Above 3 solar masses becomes a black hole


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