Classical Time Period - Steelton-Highspire High School · Classical Time Period 1750-1825 Return to...
Transcript of Classical Time Period - Steelton-Highspire High School · Classical Time Period 1750-1825 Return to...
General Characteristics
• Expanded middle class
• Conflict between classes
• Age of the enlightenment-used reason to
reform society
• Patronage system-support for artists and
musicians
• Improved human conditions (health)
Differences with Baroque and Classical
MusicBaroque Classical
Melody Disjunct (leap) Disjunct and conjunct
Harmony Major and minor tonality Modulation to closely related
keys
Rhythm Free rhythm, driving rhythms Mixture, not always driving
Form Binary, Ternary, Ritornello,
Fugue
Sonata Allegro, Opera
Texture Homophonic Homophonic
Instrumental forms used in the
Classical Era
• Sonata Allegro- 1st movement in a multi-movement
piece
– Exposition
– Development
– Recapulation
• Concerto-Solo with accompaniment
• Theme and Variations-Melody, then melody
altered.
Development of symphonic form
• Started as French and Italian overtures in
Baroque
• New instruments were invented=larger
orchestras and symphonies got longer
Development of the concerto
• Baroque= 3-4 soloists with bass and chordal
accompaniment
• Classical= grew to soloist with orchestral
accompaniment or large group
Requiem
• Mass for the dead
• Same thing as a funeral
• Composers wrote their own Requiem when
they started to get ill.
• Mozart never finished his, a student finished
it.
Absolute Musicality
• Music for the sake of music.
• The music doesn’t relate to anything of the
outside world.
Patronage system
• Kings would “own musicians” and pay them
for their music
• Musician had to play what the king wanted
• Good=you made $
• Bad=no creativity
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Lived: January 27, 1756- December 5, 1791
• Born in Salzburg, Austria
• Composed over 600 works
• Mastered the piano and violin as a child
• Started writing music at 5 years old
• Had a common funeral
Ludwig Van Beethoven
• Baptized December 17, 1770- died March 26,
1827.
• German composer and pianist
• Lost hearing in mid 1790’s
• Wrote about 200 works
• Had many health problems
• Frequently moved
Franz Joseph Haydn• Lived: March 31, 1732- May 31, 1809
• Born in Austria
• Friend of Mozart, teacher of Beethoven
• Perfected the Sonata form
• Known for a good sense of humor
• Composed 121 pieces of music
Beethoven and Mozart comparison
chartBeethoven Mozart
Wrote music for Kings Wrote for the common people
Music was serious, sounded angry.
Fewer notes, loud chords
Music was light and playful, often
reflected his noticeable laugh
Constantly revised music Never edited music. Wrote it down
perfectly
Famous Classical Composers
Joseph Haydn b. March 31, 1732- d.
May 31, 1809
Wolfgang Mozart-b. January 27,
1756- d. December 5, 1791
Beethoven Baptized
December 17 1770- d. March 26,
1827
The metronome• Helps keep a steady beat
• Invented for Beethoven since he couldn’t hear
his music live
• All professional musicians use one to practice
• Now there are electronic ones
Classical Instruments• Strings
– Classical Guitar
• Woodwind
– Clarinet
• Brass
– Ophicleide
• Keyboard
– Piano
Listening example 1
• Composer: Joseph Haydn
• Title: “Symphony No. 94 “Surprise”
• Date:1791
• Texture: Homophonic
• Form: Sonata Allegro
• Additional Information: Also called “surprise
Symphony,” 23 minutes long
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI&sa
fety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Listening Example 2
• Composer: Ludwig Beethoven
• Title: “5th Symphony”
• Date: 1804-1808
• Texture: Homophonic
• Form: Sonata Allegro
• Additional Information: Motive used in pop culture
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4IRMYuE1hI&
safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Listening example 3
• Composer Amadeus Mozart
• Title: “Symphony #40 in G minor”
• Date: 1788
• Texture: Homophonic
• Form: Theme and Variations
• Additional information: Often used as a
ringtone
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
hJf4ZffkoI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_
mode=1