Classical swine fever and African swine fever in Latvia

SCoFCAH meeting, BrusselsJuly 3, 2014

Dr. Edvīns OļševskisDirector of Veterinary Surveillance Department

Food and Veterinary Service

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CSF Previous cases

Classical Swine Fever in the Republic of Latvia

On 16th November, 2012 2 wild boars were detected positive to CSF by qRT-PCR close to the border with Russia and Belarus

On 27 November, 2012 three backyard holdings located in the defined CSF infected area were found CSF positive, in total 16 domestic pigs in 3 holdings

Protection and surveillance zones around the infected holdings were established on 27th November, 2012 and measures according to Council Directive 2001/89/EC were implemented immediately.

Protection and surveillance zones were lifted on 10th January, 2013.

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Commission Implementing Decision 2013/90/EU approving the plan for the eradication of classical swine fever in feral pigs and the emergency vaccination of such pigs in certain areas of Latvia

Measure covered by the CSF eradication plan:-Testing of all dead and hunted wild boar ( + ASF) ;-Vaccination of wild boar;-Qualification of pig farms (including backyard farms); -Passive and active surveillance of domestic pigs;-Inspections on home slaughter (since November 2013)

CSF infected area is 20-50 km wide, about 460 km long and has a surface of ~ 9 000 km2

Risk area – 5 000 km2.

CSF vaccination area is a part of infected area, defined based on the geographical distribution of the CSF in wild boars, surface ~ 5 000 km2.

Infected area

Vacinaton area

Risk area

Classical Swine Fever in the Republic of Latvia

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22 June 2014 – CSF outbreak inbackyard holding with 8 domesticpigs in Dagdas county, Dagdas parish, located within defined CSF infected area

CSF virus positive wild boarsfound:In 2013: 2534 tested 46 positive (1.83%)In 2014: 1298 tested 4 positive (0.3%)

Wild boars 2013

Wild boars 2014

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Surveillance zone

Protection zone

CSF Infected farm22.06.2014.

CSF outbreak in domestic pigs

CHRONOLOGY of CSF outbreak in backyard pig holding

• on 13 June - sow became sick (suspeced to Erisipelas), antibiotick theraphy unseccesful. On 18th of June sow died. • on 21 June 3 out of 7 fattening pigs became sick. Vet informed local FVS.• on 21 June samples have been taken and delivered to the NRL. • on 22 June NRL confirmed CSF.

- on 22 June all pigs were killed and destroyed.- primary holding disinfection was done;

-Protection and surveillance zones around the infected holding were immediately established by order of CVO No. 87 on 22 June and measures according to Council Directive 2001/89/EC were initiated.

Possible source of the infection - hypothesis:Most likely - swill feeding

Classical Swine Fever in domestic pigs in the Republic of Latvia

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African swine fever

African Swine Fever in the Republic of Latvia

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Outbreak No.1 (wild boars)

•On 25th June, 2014 - three wild boars (one adult and two piglets) were found dead on the border with Belarus (by the river), in the Kepova parish, Dagda county.•Reported by border-guards. •On 25th June samples were taken and sent to NRL. Wild boar cadavers 1-3days old. •Cadavers were destroyed by burning at the spot.•On the 26th June NRL confirmedthe first ASF cases in 3 wild boars ( RT-PCR). •Possible date of the infection:

10-15 June

African Swine Fever in wild boar in the Republic of Latvia

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African Swine Fever in domestic pigs in the Republic of Latvia

Outbreak No.2 (backyard pig farm with 3 pigs)

Chronology:On 17 June domestic pig was slaughtered for own consumption, veterinarian visited home slaugter on the next day to perform post mortem inspection. Samples have been taken to excludeCSF or ASF.

Due to Midsummer holidays in the country samples were stored at the regional Lab, but pig carcass in the cool store at the farm.

On 25 June farmer notified local FVS inspector on clinical signs of other two pigs. Blood samples were taken and sent to NRL.

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On 26 of June NRL confirmed ASF virus in 3 domestic pigs in Latvia, Kraslavas county, Robeznieku parish - one backyard farm.

Quarantine territory, protection and surveillance zones around the infected holding were immediately established by order of CVO No. 93., 94., on 26 June and measures according to Council Directive 2002/60/EC were initiated.

- On 26th of June all 2 pigs in the infected holding were killed and destroyed by burning (including

carcass that was stored).

-Preliminary farm cleaning disinfection was done.

-EC, EU MSs and neighbouring third countries were informed on the confirmation of ASF virus in

Latvia

Possible source of the infection - hypothesis:- swill feeding (infected products)

African Swine Fever in domestic pigs in the Republic of Latvia

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African Swine Fever in wild boar in the Republic of Latvia

Outbreak No.3 (wild boars)On 27th June NRL confirmed ASF virus in two wild boars from three - reported on 26 June as found dead in Kepovas parish, Dagdas county, about 300 meters from the location of Outbreak No.1 (wild boars).Possible date of the infection: 11-16 June

Outbreak No.4 (wild boars)On the 29th June NRL confirmed ASF virus in two wild boars, found dead – reported on 27 June in Kepovas parish, Dagdas county, at the place near Outbreaks No.1 and 3 (wild boars).Possible date of the infection: 12-17 June

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African Swine Fever in wild boar in the Republic of Latvia

Outbreak No.5 (wild boar)On the 1st July NRL confirmed ASF virus in one wild boar, found dead, (reported by hunter to local FVS on 29 June) in Robeznieku parish, Kraslavas county.

- The wild boar localisation place was about 5 km from Belarus border and about 16 km from outbreaks No.1, 3 and 4.Possible date of the infection: 18-22 June

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African Swine Fever in wild boar in the Republic of Latvia

Outbreak No.6 (wild boars)On the 2st July NRL confirmed ASF virus in four wild boars, (3 found dead, one killed in a nest) - reported by the hunter to local FVS on 1 July) in Indras parish, Kraslavas county.

- The wild boar localisation place was about 5 km from Belarus border and about 1-2 km from outbreaks No.1, 3 and 4.Possible date of the infection: 20-25 June

Suspection No.1 in wild boar (July 2)One road kill piglet in Indras parish, Kraslavas county ~ 500 m from outbreak No.6

Suspection No. 2 in wild boar (July 2)One dead piglet and one with clinical signs found in a same nest during the visit of EU ASF Emergency team.

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African Swine Fever in wild boar in the Republic of Latvia

Suspection No. 2 in wild boar (July 2)

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ASF outbreak in backyard.

ASF wild boars

ASF Protection zone

ASF Surveillance zone.

CSF Protectione zone.

CSF outbreak 22.06.14..

CSF Surveillance zone.

Location of ASF outbreaks

African Swine Fever in domestic pigs in the Republic of Latvia

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Progress of activities done in CSF and ASF protection and surveillance zones (on 1 July)

176 pig holdings were inspected998 pigs clinically examinated522 samples taken

All lab results are negative to CSF and ASF!

Territories proposed for Part 1 and Part 2 of the annex ofEU Decision 2014/178/EU

Part 2

Part 1

African Swine Fever in domestic pigs in the Republic of Latvia

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Conclusions

1.ASF outbreaks (both in wildboar and in domestic pigs) were detected in a frame of ASF early detection programme.

2.Until 2nd July ASF virus was confirmed in 12 wild boars (3 locations) and 3 domestic pigs in one backyard holding.

3.There is no epidemiological link between ASF outbreak in backyard pig holding and ASF outbreaks in wildboar.

4.Most likely ASF outbreaks in wild boar are introduced from neighbouring third countries.

5.There are at least two seperate epidemiological clusters of ASF in wild boar.

6.There is an epidemiological evidence that the introduction of the ASF virus in Latvia are not older than 2-3 weeks.

Thank you for your attention

Acknowledgements:

NRL – Institute BIOR

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