classical conditioning by ivan pavlov
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Transcript of classical conditioning by ivan pavlov
CLASSICAL CONDITIONINGBy: Ivan Pavlov
He was born on September14, 1849 – February 27, 1936 in the village in Ryazan , Russia.
A Russian physiologist , who was one of the first to study associations objectively and empirically (scientifically) and to give associations an importance in the development of new physiological and emotional reactions as well as mental activities.
Classical Conditioning
Is a form of learning that has a powerful effect on attitudes , likes and dislikes and emotional responses.
A learning process that occurs through associations between an environment stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
The Elements and Process of Classical Conditioning
Reflex – is an involuntary response to a particular stimulus
Stimulus – any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds
Two kinds of reflexes Conditioned- the learned involuntary
responses Unconditioned- automatic and unlearned
response to a particular stimulus and are built into the nervous system.
EXAMPLES:
Unconditioned Stimulus Food-------------------- Loud noise-------------- Puff of air in
eye-------- Light in eye------------- Touching a hot stove--
Unconditioned Response
Salivation Startle Blink Contraction of pupil Hand withdrawal
The Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimulus and Responses
Unconditioned Stimulus - that unconditionally , naturally and
automatically triggers a response. Example: When you smell one of your favorite food you may immediately feel hungry. Unconditioned Response -the unlearned response that occurs
naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus - is a learned stimulus Example: Suppose that when you smell your favorite
food , you also heard the sound of a whistle while the whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food. If the sound of the whistle was paired multiple times with the smell, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response.
Conditioned Response - learned response The conditioned response is “feeling hungry when you
heard the sound of the whistle”.
Extinction - response became weaker and
weaker and then disappeared Spontaneous recovery - weak response and shorter in
duration than the original conditioned response
Generalization - where one similar to the original
conditioned stimulus would produce the conditioned response
Discrimination - is the learned ability to distinguish
between similar so that the conditioned response occurs only to the original conditioned stimulus but not to similar stimuli
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