Ivan Petrovich Pavlov(26 September 1849 – 27 February 1936)

Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning.

Devoted his life to the study of physiology and sciences.

Won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904 and Copley Medal in 1914.

About Ivan Pavlov

• Began school at age 11

• Because of a childhood accident Pavlov was forced to begin

school late.

• He attended church school and seminary school.

• He read Charles Darwin’s The Origin of the Species and

decided that he was more interested in science than

seminary.

• Pavlov’s work inspired the work of John Watson and he

applied it to the Behaviorist Theory in 1913.

A serendipitous discovery

Behaviourism: SR Units (Reflexes)

STIMULUS(S): It is detected by an organism.

RESPONSE(R): Organism emits a response.

What is Classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning is an behaviourist learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

A process for creating new SR units from existing onesClassical conditioning is based on the famous Pavlov's

dogs experiment.

Key elements of classical conditioning

Unconditioned stimulusUnconditioned responseConditioned stimulusConditioned response

Pavlov’s Dog Experiment

Classical Conditioning

Key processes in Classical conditioning

AcquisitionExtinctionSpontaneous recoveryStimulus generalisationStimulus discrimination

John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958)

An American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviourism.

Famous for infant research and “Little Albert” experiment

The Little Albert Experiment

BEFORE CONDITIONING

Baby “Albert” is allowed to play with

a pet white rat. Albert enjoys

petting the rat and does not fear it.

Albert was scared

of loud noises.

DURING CONDITIONING

When Albert tried to pet or come near the rat, Watson

would make a loud noise. This scared

Albert. This scaring when

coming close situation was

repeated many times.

AFTER CONDITIONING

When Albert was presented with the

rat again, he became scared,

cried, and tried to move away from

the rat. He had become conditioned into realizing that the

white rat was related to the loud

noise.

1.1. Unconditional stimulus

2. Neutral stimulus

4. After condition3. During conditining

Name the four components of classical conditioning.

Sara is watching a storm. A bolt of lighting is followed immediately by a huge

crash of thunder and makes her jump. This happens several more times. The

storm starts to move away and there is a gap between the lighting bolt and the

sound of thunder, yet Sara jumps at the lighting bolt.

1. UCS

2. UCR-

3. CS-

4. CR-

1. Huge crash of thunder

2. Jump

3. Bolt of lighting

4. Jump

Class Activity

IMPLICATIONS & APPLICATIONS

Marketing & Advertising

Organization

Defence & Security

Aversion Therapy

Real Time

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Marketing & Advertising

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AVERSION THERAPY

Aversion therapy is a form of behaviour

therapy that applies CC principles to inhibit or

discourage undesirable behaviour by

associating it with an aversive stimulus.

The aim of aversion therapy is to suppress or

weaken undesirable behaviour.

When was Aversion Therapy first used?

1930s to treat alcoholism.

Alcoholics were

administered painful electric

shocks whenever the could

smell, see or taste alcohol.

Today, nausea-inducing

drugs are paired with alcohol

consumption to make the

alcoholic feel ill.

Alcohol (CS)

Nausea Drug(UCS)

Nause

a (UCR)

Association becomes so strong that the person beings to anticipate nausea as an inevitable result of consuming alcohol.

Examples of Aversion Therapy

To stop unwanted behaviour such as nail biting, we might

paint our nails with a foul-tasting substance

The association between nail biting and the unpleasant taste

is learned quickly.

Applications in Organizations

In many organizations like KFC,Dominos,etc

employees are given the best manager of the

month with appreciation and made to wear that

cap for the whole month and so whenever he wears

that cap it reminds to him of the appreciation and

applause made for him and makes him happy and

as a result his willingness to work increases.

Unethical

Overshadowing

Blocking

Extinction

Ignores cognitive aspects of learning

Ignores Species-specific behaviour pattern

Limitations and Criticism

Overshadowing

Blocking

Extinction

LEARNINGS & CONCLUSION

It was a learning of reflexes, and an automatic response related to the nervous system.

A great part of our emotional and motivation makeup comes directly from our lifetime of experience and stimulus.

People or animals can be trained (or influenced) to perform a certain task or response by providing some sort of trigger, which may be a sound, picture, phrase, etc.

THANK YOU

Presented by-Abhilasha JhaApoorv TiwariHarsh PandyaNeeraj Ratan