CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS Global AIS: Unit 3. GENERAL INFORMATION.
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Transcript of CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS Global AIS: Unit 3. GENERAL INFORMATION.
CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS
Global AIS: Unit 3
GENERAL INFORMATION
LOCATIONS MAP
Civilizations to identify:• Rome• Greece• Maurya• Han
Notice that Greece is surrounded by Rome
TIMELINE
Neolithic Revolution: 10,000 BC
First Civilization (Egypt): 5000 BC
First Classical Civilization (Greece): 1600 BC
CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS
SUMMARIES
The items in red are what you need to write
down.
MAURYA CIVILIZATION
Location: Northern India (Indus River Valley)
Important Things to Know• Created a bureaucracy
• Bureaucracy: a body of officials, especially those making up a government
• Ran a centralized government• All cities report to one location• All laws come from one location
HAN DYNASTY
Location: Eastern China
General Important Contributions• Paper
• Remember the Silk Road and cultural diffusion?
• Wheelbarrow• Rudder• Acupuncture
HAN DYNASTY CONT’D
Great Wall of China• Built to keep out invading armies from the north• Builders of the Great Wall of China
Silk• Popular trade product made of soft natural fiber
• By law, silk worms could not be exported
• “Silk Road” was created as a means of exporting to the Middle East
HAN DYNASTY CONT’D
Civil Service System• Must pass a test to get a government job• Based upon the teachings of Confucius• Podcast on Confucius
Dynasty System• A line of ruling families in China• Each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven (IMPORTANT!): The belief that
ruling families are given the right to rule by the gods
GREECE
City-State: a city with its own
government that is part of a
larger country • Greece was made of
mountainous islands so travel was too difficult to make a centralized government
• One of the precursors to our states
GREECE: ATHENS VS. SPARTA
Athens and Sparta were the two main city-states• Fought against each other in the Peloponnesian Wars
Athens• Direct democracy: free men vote on all issues• Characteristics: educated, intellectual, got along with
other city-states• Citizens are men
• Women and slaves were not considered citizens
• Cultural center of Greece• Age of Pericles: a golden age that produced great
contributions in arts and sciences
GREECE: ATHENS VS. SPARTA
Sparta• Monarchy: 2 kings that made decisions together• Characteristics: War-like, community of warriors, poor
relations with other city-states• Little travel or trade• Life was hard and cruel• Lack of change led to its downfall• Emphasized the military
• Boys were trained to be soldiers• Weak were eliminated
This is Sparta!
GREECE
Alexander the Great• Took over the “known world” (Egypt, Persia, India)
Created the Hellenistic Culture through cultural
diffusion• Blended Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian
cultures
GREECE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY
Architecture• Straight lines and basic shapes• COLUMNS! Used for support and decoration
Philosophy• Science of thinking about difficult and important
issues• Big names: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• All still studied today
GREECE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY
Democracy• Created this type of government in Athens• Citizens helped decide important issues
Citizen• Only free males (no slaves, women, foreigners)
ROME
Development of government• Started as a monarchy
• Rule by a single person (king or queen)
• As more people joined the empire, a republic was formed• Republic: citizens vote for representatives to make
decisions• Government before Rome became an empire
• Empire: one person (Caesar) makes all the decisions for the people• Term used when a country conquers and expands
ROME
Location• Began in Italy (Rome)• Empire surrounds the Mediterranean Sea
• The Sea was the center of Roman trade
• Large enough to unite Europe with the Middle East through trade, common language (Latin), and common government
Pax Romana• Translation: Roman Peace• Began with Augustus Caesar and last for 200 years of peace and
prosperity• Golden Age of Rome
Teenage Life in Rome
ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY
Literature: continued Greek tradition of drama,
poetry, and novels
Engineering• Architecture
• Copied Greek architecture and added round shapes, like domes and arches
• Roads• Built the first major roadways• Allowed armies to move quickly• Facilitated trade between cities and provinces (rural areas)
ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY
Engineering cont’d• Arch
• Replaced columns for support
• Stronger than columns• Could build larger
structures with more open space
• Aqueducts• Carry fresh water from
mountains to cities
PARTHENON VS. COLISEUM
What’s the difference?
ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS
Laws• Applied to everyone within the empire• Basis for our legal system today• Twelve Tables were the written laws of Rome
Latin• Allowed everyone in empire to communicate• Common language of Europe for many centuries
ROMAN EMPIRE
EMPIRES CONNECTIONS
Rome and the Han Dynasty: grew wealthy because
they developed EXTENSIVE TRADE NETWORKS
Rome and Greece: free men were the main citizens • HOWEVER, Roman women enjoyed some rights
• They could own property and make wills• They could leave their property to anyone they wanted
THE FALL OF EMPIRES
GOOD -BYE HAN DYNASTY AND ROMAN EMPIRE
People became corrupt and lazy
Empire became too big to manage
Foreign invasions
Taxes got too high