Classical Biological control against the chestnut gall ...
Transcript of Classical Biological control against the chestnut gall ...
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NicolasBorowiec1,MarcelThaon1,LisaBrancaccio2,SylvieWarot1,MadalinaViciriuc3,LucianFusu3,AlexAebi4,SeiichiMoriya5,JinpingZhang6,Jean-ClaudeMalausa1,ElodieVercken1,NicolasRis1
1UMR1355ISA(INRA-CNRS-UniversitéCôted’Azur),SophiaAntipolis,France2BiolineAgroSciences,Valbonne,France3UniversityAlexandruIoanCuza,Iasi,Roumanie4UniversityofNeuchâtel,Neuchâtel,Switzerland5NationalAgricultureandFoodResearchOrganization,Tsukuba,Japan6CABIChina,Beijing,ChinaINCREBIBLE,12-14June2019,Palencia,Spain
ClassicalBiologicalcontrolagainstthechestnutgallwasp:IntroductionandestablishmentoftheexoticTorymussinensis
inFrance
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .01/12
ClassicalBiologicalControl(ClBC)
Intentionalintroductionofaexoticnaturelenemyforitspermanent
establishment
Service
Exoticnaturalenemies
Long-termcontrol
NeedforoptimisationofmethodsinClBC
Uniqueopportunitytostudyinnaturathefactorsinvolved
inthesuccess/failureofinvasiveintroduced
populations
Cocketal.2016.BioControl
Zanolla&Andreakis2016
ScientificcontextIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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.02/12
Agronomiccontext
ThepestDryocosmuskuriphilus
-Invasivegallwasp(Cynipidae)–NativefromChina-SpecializedonCastaneaspp.-FirstlyintroducedinEuropein2002(Italy)-ReachedthemainareasofFrenchchestnutproductionin2010
TheBCATorymussinensis
-Exoticparasitoid(Torymidae)-NativefromChina-SpecializedonD.kuriphilus-Successfullyintroducedinseveralcountries(Japan,USA,Italy…)
Impacts
BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp
Intro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .03/12
Nationalorganisation
CreationofaNationalcommitteeforthecontrolofD.kuriphilusin2010
⇒ ResearchInstitutes⇒ TechnicalInstitutes⇒ Chestnutproducers⇒ Foreststakeholders⇒ Government⇒ …
CreationoftheNationalFederationofChestnutProducersQuickdeploymentofT.sinensisreleasesinFranceSubstantialfinancialsupportsforBCinFrance(forexperimentalreleasesandforwidespreading)[2011-2018]Financialcompensationofyieldlosses
1. DevelopbiologicalcontrolusingT.sinensis
2. ScreeningofvarietiessusceptibilitytoD.kuriphilus
3. Assessanddocumentyieldlossesinorderforgrowerstoobtainfinancialcompensations
Intro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .04/12
Objectives
1. Long-Term control of D. kuriphilus populations usingintroductionsofTorymussinensis
2. Test different modalities of releases on the establishment
successofT.sinensis
3. Document the recruitment of native parasitoids by CGW(populationdynamics,molecularandmorphologicaldiversity)relatedtopotentialunintentionaleffects
Intro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .05/12
Différentsmodalitiesofreleases
⇒ 1x100females(n)⇒ 2x50females(netn+1)⇒ 1x1000females(n)
Experimentalreleases
⇒ T.sinensiscollectedinnatura(norearing)
58 release sites - 11 control sites (norelease)
⇒ Productiveorchards⇒ Traditionnalorchards⇒ Forestsstands
Fielddesign
ExperimentaldesignIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .06/12
DeepCharacterizationSamplings
⇒ 600000gallscollected(2011-2018)⇒ OnCastaneaandQuercusspp.⇒ Area: France + Europe (Italy,Switzerland, Roumania) + Asia (China,Japan)
DatacollectionIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
⇒ Moleculartools:mitochondrialandnuclearmarkers
⇒ Morphologicaltools:Morphometry,HQimagery
EstimationofCGWinfestations
⇒ Numberofbudswithgalls
Gehringetal.2017.JPestScience
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .07/12
Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.
=>15000T.sinensisreleased
=> 100% recapture 1 or 2 yearsafter releases,whatever the testedmodality
=> High ability of T. sinensis toestablishandtodisperse
EstablishmentIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .08/12
Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.
⇒ No effect of the modality ofintroduction on T. sinensisdynamics
⇒ Bu t s l i g h t d emog r aph i cadvantage for the largestintroductions
=>ExponentialgrowthofT.sinensispopulation
EarlydynamicsIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .09/12
= > M i d d l e - t e r m d y n am i c scharacterized by a decrease of T.sinensispopulations
=> And a decrease of D. kuriphiluspopulations
=>Stabilizationofhost-parasitoidinteractions5-6yearsafterfirstreleases
Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.Borowiecetal.2018.Ent.Exp.Appl.
Middle-termdynamics
Nuisibilitylevel(5%)
Intro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .10/12
CharacterizationIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
⇒ Wide morphological and molecular variability of T.sinensis
Viciriucetal.inprep
⇒ FewT.sinensiscollectedonoakCynipidsandonlyonsiteswhencontrolofD.kuriphiluswasachieved
⇒ No sign of hybridization with close European nativeTorymus(T.notatus)
⇒ Few individuals collected thatmaybehybridsbetweenT. sinensis and T. beneficus (imported from Japan toItaly) 0.07
22071 Torymus “beneficus”
28717 Torymus sinensis
28633 Torymus sinensis
21943 Torymus “beneficus”
28729 Torymus sinensis
7300 Torymus sinensis22204 Torymus sinensis
17205 Torymus rubi
28730 Torymus sinensis
20426 Torymus sinensis
22177 Torymus notatus
17192 Torymus bedeguaris
28734 Torymus sinensis
22185 Torymus notatus28642 Torymus notatus
17190 Torymus geranii
7855 Torymus sinensis
7620 Torymus auratus
22228 Torymus sinensis
11133 Torymus sinensis
17209 Glyphomerus stigma
17023 Torymus sinensis
21924 Torymus cyaneus
7679 Torymus auratus
22158 Torymus sinensis28591 Torymus sinensis
34736 Torymus sinensis
34735 Torymus sinensis
28644 Torymus notatus28639 Torymus notatus
21922 Torymus cyaneus
22041 Torymus “beneficus”
22191 Torymus sinensis
17196 Torymus bedeguaris
11782 Torymus sinensis
34731 Torymus sinensis
17158 Torymus flavipes
17161 Torymus geranii
20425 Torymus sinensis
22167 Torymus notatus
22260 Torymus sinensis
17173 Torymus auratus
7315 Torymus sinensis
11079 Torymus sinensis
34730 Torymus sinensis
22212 Torymus sinensis
22262 Torymus sinensis
28617 Torymussinensis
17159 Torymus flavipes
28648 Torymus rubi
22449 Torymus sinensis
17036 Torymus sinensis
34733 Torymus sinensis
98.4/97/0.96
100/100/1
77.7/77/-
71.1/83/0.35
99.7/100/1
32.4/66/-
100/100/1
90.7/94/1
100/100/1
100/100/199.7/98/0.98
100/100/1
99.6/100/1
100/100/1
99.2/100/1
93.6/94/0.97
MadalinaViciriuc(PhD)
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .11/12
ConclusionIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
q WideestablishmentofT.sinensis/Efficient(orongoing)controlofD.kuriphilusinFrance
⇒ Agronomicsuccess!
q Slighteffectofpropagulepressureonestablishmentdynamics
⇒ HighintrinsicabilitiesofT.sinensistoefficientlyestablishanddisperse
q Highdiversityofresults/deliverables(papers,symposium,workshops,medias….)
⇒ Scientific«Success»!
q “Transitory”convergencebetweenagronomicandscientificissues
q Spreadingofthemethodvery(too)precipitate
q Needtohaveaframethatisadequatelylarge(insites)andlong(intime)toaccurately:
(1) AssesstheintentionaleffectofClBC(establishment,efficacy,dispersal…)
(2) AssessthepotentialunintentionaleffectsofClBC(impactsofnontargetspecies…)
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .12/12
WorkshopconcernsIntro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
q IPMschemesdevelopedforD.kuriphilus?
⇒ ClBCiswidelyused,alsoresistantvarieties⇒ ButnorealIPMguidelines?
q Newbioticthreatsforforestnutsandberries?⇒ Drosophilasuzukii/Halyomorphahalys(berries)– Bursaphelenchusxylophilus(Pinus)…
q Impactofclimaticchangeinresilienceofforests?
⇒ Increaseofestablishmentsuccessofinvasivepestslinkedtounintentionalintroductions
⇒ Increasingnumberofannualgenerationsofpestsresultinginincreasingdamages
q Changeingeographicalranges?⇒ Exponentialincreaseofunintentionalintroductionsofinvasivepests⇒ Increasingdistributionofinvasivespeciesmayleadtoabetteridentificationofsolutions
usinginternationalcollaborations
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Negative impact of Dryocosmus kuriphilus on native communities
Spring
Summer - Autumn
Chestnut gall wasp
Oak gall wasps
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .XX/12
Timescale=>Quickacquisitionoffinancialsupports
FrenchMinistryofAgriculture INRA+Producers FrenchMinistryofAgriculture
2018
2015
2016
2011
Datacollection
Experimentalreleases
Dataanalysis
WideareaspreadingofT.sinensisreleasesbygrowers
Valorisation/Communication
Lobbying
Intro Mat-Met Results Conclusion
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .XX
Agronomicpartnership
=>CentresTechniques/Stationsd’expérimentations
=>Chambresd’Agriculture
=>OrganismesdeVeilleSanitaire
=>FilièreCastanéicole
=>FilièreApicole
=>Filière«Forêt»
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BOROWIEC/ClBCchestnutgallwasp .XX
Scientificpartnership
INRAISA INRACBGP INRABIOGECOGérardDELVAREJean-YvesRASPLUS
MarcelTHAONNicolasRISJean-ClaudeMALAUSAElodieVERCKENDavidMURU(PhD)…
HervéJACTELCécileROBINPilarFERNANDEZ-CONRADI(PhD)
FRANCE
BiolineAgroScienceLisaBRANCACCIO
NationalAgricultureandFoodResearchOrganization(Japon)SeiichiMORIYA
CABI(China)JinpingZHANG
ASIA
UniversityofIasi(Romania)
LucianFUSUMirceaMITROIUMadalinaVICIRIUC(PhD)
UniversityofTorino(Italy)AlbertoALMAChiaraFERRACINIAmbraQUACCHIA
UniversityofNeuchâtel(Switzerland)AlexAEBI
SwissFederalInstituteforForest,Snow,andLandscapeResearch(Switzerland)MarcoCONEDERA
GrahamSTONE
UniversityofEdinburgh(Scotland)
JoséNIEVES-ALDREY
NationalMuseumofNaturalHistory(Spain)
AlbinoBENTOJoséALBERTOPEREIRA
PolytechnicInstituteofBragança(Portugal)
EUROPE
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ResearchandDevelopmentinBiologicalControl(RDLB)
MainResearchObjectives- Developnewbiologicalcontrolmethods
(mainlyClassicalBC–AugmentativeBC)
- Integrativecharacterizationofbiologicalcontrolagents
- HostaBiologicalResourcesCenterdevotedtoeggparasitoids(BRC-Epcoll)
TeamLeader:NicolasRis(INRA)
10permanent(5Engineers–5Technicians)and3nonpermanentpeople(1PhDstudent)