Damian Gordon. Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Software Applications.
Class5: Computer Hardware
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Transcript of Class5: Computer Hardware
Class5: Class5:
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
Information Systems for Management
Outline
Information Systems for Management
• Electronic Data (bit, byte, larger sizes)
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Main Memory (Primary Storage)
• Secondary Storage
• Computer Speed
• Input & Output Devices
• Moore's Law
Information Systems for Management
Electronic Data
Bit – electrical charge exists (meaning 1) or it does not (0)
Byte: String of bits (usually 8), representing one character
(letter, number)
1 Kilo Byte (KB) = 1000 Bytes
1 Mega Byte (MB) = 1,000,000 Bytes
1 Giga Byte (GB) = 1,000,000,000 Bytes
1 Terra Byte = 1012 Bytes
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Information Systems for Management
Central Processing Unit
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• CPU or processor is the key part of computer
Also important as support to CPU
Internal communications
Information Systems for Management
The CPU and MemoryCentral Processing Unit (Processor):
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control unitComputer clock*
Main Memory (Storage), 2 parts:ROM (permanent) – programmed by manufacturerRAM (changeable) – memory used for your programs and operating system; PCs today – RAM size in Giga Bytes
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Information Systems for Management
Computer Speed
A CPU placed on a single miniature chip; basis of PC (personal computer)
Speed and performance factorsSpeed of Computer Clock Number of bits the computer can process at one time (Word length)Number of bits that can be moved at one time between the CPU, primary storage & other devices (Data Bus width)
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Information Systems for Management
Computer Speed - Examples
Name Manufacturer Word Length(bits)
Clock Speed(electrical cycles per
second)
Data Bus Width(bits)
Celeron Intel 32 500-2600 MHz 64
Pentium III Intel 32 500-1400 MHz 64
Pentium IV Intel 32 3.2 GHz* 64
Itanium II Intel 64 1.5 GHz 128
Opteron AMD 64 2.6 Ghz 128
MHz = millions of Hertz (measure of speed)GHz = billions of Hertz
Speed increase
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Information Systems for Management
Secondary Storage (Memory)
Long-term, non-changeable
Magnetic:Hard disk Flash drive other (floppy disk, tape)
Optical:CD-ROM (readable or readable and writeable - CD-R/CD-RW)DVD (same as CD-ROM, takes more data)
Secondary storage tech. keep developing and getting cheaper
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Information Systems for Management
Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Touch screen
Readers/Scanners (Bar code reader; Magnetic Ink Recognition)
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Receiver*
Voice recognition
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Information Systems for Management
Output Devices
Monitor
PrinterNon impact (laser, inkjet; photo printer)Impact (dot matrix)
Plotter
Voice output (voice synthesizer)
Plotter
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Information Systems for Management
Moore’s “Law” *
Moore’s Law: In intervals of 2 years, the capacity of
computer memory, processing speed, the density of
components double.**
Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel, mote this regularity in
mid-1960s.
Moore’s “Law” still valid. Important for hardware
purchasing.
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