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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

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CONTENTS

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Five kingdom classification

Merits of classification

Monera

Protista Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Virus

Viroids

Lichens

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FIVE KIGDOM CLASSIFICATION

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BACTERIA

PROTISTA

DIANOFLAGELETS

FUNGI

MONERA MUSHROOM

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MERITS OF CLASSIFICATION 

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Prokaryotes are separated from eukaryots

All unicellular eukaryotic organisms are put in

one group.

Differentiate heterotrophic fungi from autotrophic

green plants.

Based on evolutionary relationship. 

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MONERA (BACTERIA,MYCOPLASMA)

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BACTERIA

ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA

AUTOTROPHIC HETEROTROPHIC

PHOTOSYNTHEIC CHEMOSYNTHEIC

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PROTISTA (SINGLE-CELLED EUKARYOTS)

CHRYSOPHYTES (diatoms , golden algae)

DINOFLAGELLATES (gonyaulaux)

EUGLENOIDS (euglena)

SLIME MOULDS (plasmodium)

PROTOZOAN (amoeba, paramecium,

euglena)

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FUNGI(Heterotrophic Eucaryots )

Phycomycetes-(rhizopus,albugo)

 Asccomycetes-(yeast,penicillium)

Basideomycetes-9aspergillus,claviceps,neurospora0

Deuteromycetes-

(alternaria,trichoderma,colletotrichum)

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PLANTAE

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Chlorophyll containing multcellular eukaryots.

Cell wall made of cellulose.

Life cycle shows alternation of generation having

gametophytic (n) and sporophytic(2n) phase.

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ANIMALIA

Heterotrophic multicellular

eukaryots.

Lack cell wall.

Depend on plants directly or

indirectly. Stores food reserves as fat or

glycogen.

Holozoic nutrition.

Capable of locomotion.

Follow a definite growth

pattern.

Reproduction is sexual .

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VIRUS

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Noncellular organism.

Obligate parasites.

Body has protein coat called capsid and geneticmaterial is DNA or RNA.

plant viruses have single stranded RNA.

animal viruses have double stranded DNA or RNA.

Animal disease-mumps,herpes,chickenpox,influenza,aids.

Plant diseases-mosaic,leaf rolling,curling,yellowing ofleaves.

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STRUCTURE OF VIRUS

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Lichens, which are commonly found on rocks, bark, or poor soil,are composite organisms made up of a fungus and an alga. The

beard lichen seen here growing on a tree, is one of the stalked

lichens. It is made up of a central zone of loose fungal filaments,

an intermediate zone of algal cells, and an outer zone ofcompressed fungal filaments.

BEARD LICHEN

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VIROID

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Discovered by T O Diener .

Smaller than virus.

Lacks protein coat.

Has a free RNA of low molecular

weight.

Disease :potato spindle tube

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LICHEN

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 Symbiotic association of algae and fungi.

Algal part is called phycobiont and fungal part is called

mycobiont.

Phycobiont is autotrophic and prepares food.

Mycobiont is heterotrophic.It provides shelter and

absorbs mineral and water.

It acts as pollution indicator i.e it does not grow in

polluted area.

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BACTERIA CELL

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PROKARYAOTIC CELL

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REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

BUDDING

FISSION

FRAGMENTATION

VEGITATIVE

ZOOSPORES

SPORANGISPORES

CONIDIA

ASEXUAL

BASIDEOSPORES

ASCOSPORES

OOSPORES

SEXUAL

REPRODUCTION

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

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Plasmogamy-fusion between two motile or non-

motile gametes.sometimes two haploid hyphae

come together and fuse.

Karyogamy- fusion of two nuclei.in some fungi

two haploid cells immediately fuse & form

diploid cells.in some a dikaryotic (n+n)occurs

which later become diploid.such phase is calleddikaryophase.

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

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Meiosis-fungi form fruiting bodies,zygote

undergoes reduction division forming haploid

spores.

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CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI (spore formation,morphology of mycelium&fruiting bodies)

phycomycetes ascomycetes basideomycetes duteromycetes

fungi

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RHIZOPUS

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RHIZOPUS

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ASPERGILLUS

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ASPERGILLUS

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ASCOSPORES IN ASCUS

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ASCUS

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AGARICUS

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BASIDIUM CARRYING BASIDIOSPORES

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BASIDIUM

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COMPARISON OF ASCUS AND BASIDIUM

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