Class Up-date
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Transcript of Class Up-date
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Class Up-date• 3 more “instructional” classes:
July 12th
July 14th - NO CLASS! WORK ON PROJECTS Email me project proposal & article. Google Docs & Blog still due.July 19th – We will have class.July 21st
----------------------------------------------------------------July 26th – We present projects in class.July 28th - Final Exam (Critical Issues on Wiki)
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Extra Credit
• 1st opportunity: – Trying it: .25 added to final average– “B”: .50 added to final average– “A”: 1 pt. added to final average.
• 2nd opportunity:– Scientific terms activity
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Batman
• Think about these questions:• What is deviant in this scenario? Why?• Are we truly individuals?
• See wiki – critical points in sociology
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Quick Write
Draw a picture of a “deviant” person.List 3 adjectives.
Share your drawing with a partner.
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Deviance
Behavior or characteristics that violate important social norms and result in societal sanctions.
But sociological definition: - more complicated and situational– relative to a particular setting – dependent upon who is defining
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What is Deviance?– breaking a social rule– refusing to follow one
• example: nudists– deviance by association
– Why do people break rules?– Why don’ t most of us do it all the time?– What makes a deviant or criminal?– What can be done about it?
Crime: deviance “bad enough” to warrant formal sanctions
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Pair and Share
• Work with a partner.
• Make a list of potential deviant acts.
• Circle your favorite three that you intend to share.
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Choosing Group Membership• Anomie – feeling of confusion or loss = rapid change and
breakdown of social norms and values.
• Resocialization
• Argot (slang)
• Type of initiation
• Group think – If membership is important to us, we may allow the group to pressure us into pushing our own values aside.
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Resocialization
• Not always negative
• Deviant group may adopt normative group (ie… finding religion)
• Maco level: Apartheid to create a more tolerant and social order
• Micro level: 6 year old kissing a classmate• Is this deviant? Have we gone too far? Is this a sign of the times?
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Moral Panics• Exaggerated fears of a particular group• 911 moral panic?• Criteria:
– Volatile (erupts quickly)– Great concern regarding behavior & consequences for society– Society defines the group an “enemy” and increases hostility
toward them.– Widespread consensus that the threat is real– Perception that a disproportionate number of people are
engaged in the behavior with a large number of innocent members are being harmed.
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Understanding Deviance
• Absolutist: the nature of the act is deviant. Wrong at all times in every situation (abortion)
• Normative: What is deviant in one place at a particular time may not be deviant in another. (abortion)
• Reactive – Not deviant until it is defined deviant by society (truancy)
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Relative Viewpoints of Deviance
• Japanese Culture (respect) vs. American (dishonesty)
• Defining and interpreting is open for interpretation.
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Theories of Deviance
• Individual Blame: functionalist (Individual is responsible and must change)– Freud (underdeveloped superego)– Interpersonal conflict with intimate groups growing up
(serial killers – trauma)
• System Blame: Social Conflict (Manifestation of inequality or attempts of the powerful to force their views)
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The Biological Context
• Caesare Lombroso proposed that criminals could be identified by physical traits. (Hairy, long arms, protruding ears due to failure to evolve)
• Learning disabilities, Schizophrenia, homosexuals, ADHD (autism example)
• There is no conclusive evidence linking genetics to criminality.
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Biological Theory
• Social structure and social interaction do play a role
• Ie.. Predisposition toward alcoholism (correlation not causality)
• Genetically predisposed
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Deviance and Social Coherence• Explaining Deviance– Differential Association (Sutherland)
• associate /socialize with people who are deviants• deviant behavior is learned• rewarded for deviant behavior (gangs)
– Control Theory (Hirschi)• decisions through cost-benefit analysis• determine punishment/reward/risks• Attachment; commitment; involvement; belief
– Culture of Poverty (Banfield)• Lower socioeconomic groups have different values
system than dominant class
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Deviance and Crime• Strain Theory (Merton) *The gap between what “ought to be” and “what is” leaves a person “strained.”
– Conformists – agree to societal norms (education, employment, investing….)• Conventional goals through normal means.
– Innovators – People with less access to (education) but believe in idea of material success • Adjust goals, extend length of time, find ways outside the norm to achieve goal• Unconventional means to achieve approved goals
– Ritualists – Believe in values of society and try to achieve goals when there is no hope of success• Accepts institutional means; reject goals
– Rebels – reject values of society (Rosa Parks)• Define new goals and means to achieve the goals
– Retreatists - Refuse to follow socially approved means for reaching goals (alcoholism)
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Deviance and Social Coherence
– Labeling Theory • Powerful determine what is deviant
– primary deviance (most people take part in – but does little harm to self-concept): If caught – behavior would be excused. Behavior is not part of repertoire of behaviors
– secondary devianceDeviant behavior becomes a part of lifestyle
– tertiary devianceOnce defined by label placed upon us
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Deviance and Social Coherence• deviance is useful to society (Durkheim)
• It affirms cultural norms and values• It clarifies moral boundaries• It heightens group solidarity• It encourages social change
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Society and Social Deviance
• Positive:– Self-evaluation and Change: (tethering of horses)
– Clarification and Change: (groups come together for a common cause)
– Pressure Valve: Measuring our own behavior against others (obscene gesture vs. shooting driver)
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Society and Social Deviance• Negative:
– Costly $554 billion in the country to combat crime
– Disrupts social order
– Lack of trust
– Structural functionalists: Due to accommodating a changing world (single parent households, teen pregnancy, working parents)
– Social Conflict: Opposition has been lawful and peaceful against the dominant group but failed. Caused moral panic and radical groups.
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Criminal Behavior
• Gender based crime• Rape• Juvenile Crime• White collar crimes• Government Crime• Mental Illness• Hate Crimes
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Sociology, Tenth Edition
Crime• The violation of criminal laws enacted by a
locality state, or the federal government• Two elements– The act itself – Criminal intent
• Crimes against the person– Direct violence, or threat of it
• Crimes against property– Involves theft of property
• Criminal statistics– Victimization surveys state crime rate is two to four
times higher than official reports
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Crime in the United States But only 50% of all crime is even reported.
1. Fear of perpetrator
2. Certain crimes likely to be victimized again
3. Victims of crimes are usually engaged in their own illegal activity.
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Sociology, Tenth Edition
National Map 8-1 The Risk of Violent Crime across the United States
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Sociology, Tenth Edition
The Street Criminal: a Profile• Age-persons between the ages of 15 and 24
• 14% of population• 39% of arrests for violent crime• 46.8% of property crimes
• Gender– 70.1% of property crimes and 82.6% of all violent crimes are
committed by males• Social class
– Violent crimes committed by a few in poor neighborhoods– White collar and corporate crime committed by more
affluent• Race and ethnicity
– 69.7% of arrests involve white people– People of color are over criminalized
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Sociology, Tenth Edition
Figure 8-2 Crime Rates in the United States 1960-2000
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Sociology, Tenth Edition
Justice System• Police: primary point of contact between
population and criminal justice system– Lots of discretion
• How serious is the crime?• What is the victim’s preference?• Is the suspect cooperative or not?• Have they arrested the suspect before?• Are bystanders present?• What is the suspect’s race?
• Courts: plea bargaining often results in pressure to plead guilty
– Reduced charge– Reduced sentence– Compromises the adversarial process
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The Criminal Justice System • Police• Courts• Punishment and Corrections
– Prisons Justification• RetributionMoral vengeance inflicted• DeterrenceDiscourage future criminality• ProtectionTemporary removal of offender (incarceration)Permanent (execution)• Rehabilitation
– The Death Penalty
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What Does America Think?
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Rosenhan’s Experiment@ 18 seconds