Class Starter• What is the difference between arteries,

veins, and capillaries?

• What is the atherosclerosis? – What are three effects of this condition?

• What are the 4 parts that make up the blood?

37.2 BLOOD

Blood Basics

• Blood is a type of connective tissue containing both dissolved substances and specialized cells

Collects oxygen from lungs, nutrients from the digestive system, and wastes from the tissues

Blood Basics

Helps regulate body’s internal environment (body temperature)

Can clot to repair damaged blood vessels

Can fight infection

Blood Plasma

• Straw colored liquid made of 90% water and 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes, and plasma proteins

Plasma

Platelets

White blood cells

Red blood cells

Plasma Proteins

• Three different types of plasma proteins– AlbuminsAlbumins

Helps regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume• Transports substance (fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins)

– GlobulinsGlobulinsSome fight viral and bacterial infections• Transports substance (fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins)

– FibrinogenFibrinogenResponsible for ability to clot blood

Red Blood Cells

Erythrocytes– Do not contain nuclei or other organelles when they

are mature

• Most numerous blood cell in the bloodProduced in the bone marrow

• Transport oxygen– Contains hemoglobin

Iron containing protein that oxygen binds to

Gives blood its color

Blood Types

• Each individual has a blood type that is determined by the presence or absence of proteins called antigens on the red blood cell

• Blood types include– A blood – have the A antigen on the RBC– B blood – have the B antigen on the RBC– AB blood – has both the A and B antigen on the RBC– O blood – does not have either A or B antigens on the

RBC

Blood Transfusions

• When serious injury occurs and blood is needed to be injected into patient, blood types must match or be compatible

• If not compatible, the blood cells will react in a process called agglutinationBlood cells stick together

Review Questions• What makes up the majority of the blood?

• What the 3 plasma proteins and their function?

• Who can receive blood from an A blood type donor?

• Who can donate blood to a B blood type person?

• Who can receive blood from anyone?

• Who can donate blood to anyone?

White Blood Cells

Leukocytes– Contain nuclei– Can be found outside of the circulatory system in the lymphatic system

• Produced in the bone marrow

• Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria

Platelets and Blood Clotting

Platelets are cell fragments that contain clotting factor

• Come in contact with edges of broken vessels and begin to stick together

– Release clotting factor which starts the blood clotting process– Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin, and

fibrinogen are all used in clotting blood

Break in Capillary Wall

Blood vessels injured.

Clumping of Platelets

Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..

Clot Forms

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

Hemophilia

• Genetic disorder that results from a defective protein in the clotting pathwayPeople cannot produce blood clots

• Can be treated with injections of the missing clotting factor

Lymphatic System

• The lymphatic system is a system of vessels, nodes, and organs that collect any fluid lost by the bloodIt returns this fluid (lymph) back into the

circulatory system in the superior vena cava

• Main organs of the lymphatic system are the thymus and the spleen

Superior vena cava

Lymph nodes

Thymus

Heart

Thoracic duct

Spleen

Lymph vessels