Class Session 2 PowerPoint What is Normal · Individual Trauma Disorder (PTSD Acute Stress Disorder...
Transcript of Class Session 2 PowerPoint What is Normal · Individual Trauma Disorder (PTSD Acute Stress Disorder...
7/27/2017
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STAR-BASICS SELF PACED CLASS
Created and led by Carolyn Yoder, Psychotherapist
Founding Director *STAR www.emu.edu/star
(*Strategies for Trauma Awareness and Resilience)
Copyright 2016 by Carolyn Yoder
CLASS SESSION 2
What’s “normal?” How trauma impacts the body & brain
(belief and behavior)
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Introduction and objectives
Input • Objectives
• Understand and be able to explain normal brain/body trauma responses
• Understand the role trapped energy plays in trauma responses/symptoms, recognize the signs that indicate it, and name ways to release it
and suggestions for implementing this week Exercise • Objectives
• Develop awareness of when you or others go into fight/flight and “flip their lids”
• Identify two ways to release trauma energy and where to get more training
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What are normal trauma responses?
?
? ? ?
Is what I’m experiencing normal or am I “crazy”?
Does it mean I’m weak if I’m having nightmares or feel shaky and teary?
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TRAUMATIC STRESS
BRAIN (MIND)
Cognitive (thinking) Emotional
BEHAVIOR
Actions/Habits Relationships
What are signs of high stress and/or traumatic stress?
BODY
Physical Somatic (body)
BELIEFS
Meaning Spiritual
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Stress Distress
Name signs of trauma you see in your setting that fit these categories:
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Exercise
BRAIN (MIND)
Cognitive (thinking) Emotional
BEHAVIOR
Actions/Habits Relationships
BODY
Physical Somatic (body)
BELIEFS
Meaning of life / tragedy
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Trauma and the body/brain
Cerebral cortex/ rational brain
Limbic system/
Emotional brain
Brain stem/
Instinctual brain
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When we feel in danger, threatened or humiliated….
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Fight
Flight
….fear triggers the fight/flight/freeze response in the brain
Copyright © Eastern Mennonite University http://www.emu.edu/ctp/star 540-432-4651 9
Freeze
The 3-part brain
Cerebral Cortex
Rational, thinking brain
Limbic system/
Emotional brain
Brain stem/
Instinctual brain
Planning, creative
Past, present, future
Memory and emotion
THREAT First Alert!!
NOW! Survival
Automatic reactions
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Fight
Flight
Freeze
Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Video: The Three Main Parts Of Your Brain by Dr. Russ Harris
Video can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/5CpRY9-MIHA
The link is also available in the class
resources (included as part of your
download).
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Pause the class video while you watch the video above.
The 3-part brain under high stress, trauma and retriggering
Limbic system/
Emotional brain
Brain stem/
Instinctual brain
Memory and emotion
THREAT First Alert!!
NOW! Survival!
Automatic reactions
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The body responds with an avalanche of chemicals and
stress hormones. This produces a tornado-like energy
in the body to help us survive.
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Fight
Flight
The freeze response: when fight/flight isn’t possible or fails
Being trapped, unable to
escape
Extreme terror
Paralyzing fear that you are
not going to survive
Also, the “initial gasp”
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What freeze looks like on the outside
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Photo
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leppo M
edia
Centre
What freeze looks like on the inside
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Photo
gra
ph: A
leppo M
edia
Centre
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The freeze response traps the fight/flight energy in
the body---- in the nervous system and muscles. (Peter Levine in Waking the Tiger, 1997)
What happens to this tornado-like energy?
If the tornado-like energy is not released, it stays trapped
and creates havoc in our bodies in the form of stress or
trauma reactions. (Peter Levine)
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Trauma experience
© STAR Team at Eastern Mennonite University. Adapted from Olga Botcharova's model © 1998..Published in Forgiveness and Reconciliation, Templeton Foundation Press, 2001
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Trauma diagnoses, the medical view
Individual Trauma
Acute Stress Disorder
(similar to trauma
experience diagram):
reactions last up to one
month
Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD) (after
30 days) Symptoms are:
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• Intrusive memories: Dreams, nightmares or flashbacks (feeling the traumatic
event is happening again) or unwanted thoughts and images about the event(s)
• Avoiding reminders---people, places, events, memories, thoughts or feelings
related to the event(s)
• Negative changes in thoughts, beliefs and mood
• Inability to remember import parts of the event(s). Feeling detached from
others, Inability to feel happiness or satisfaction
• Changes in body activation that shows up as hypervigilance, problems
concentrating, sleep disturbances, exaggerated startle response, self-
destructiveness
Peter Levine and Gabor Mate. In an Unspoken Voice:
How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness, 2010.
Many typical trauma
responses will go away if the
trauma is dealt with in ways
that allow the interrupted
(and blocked) energy to be
discharged.
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Wild animals instinctual responses after freezing
• Shaking
• Deep breathing
• Cavorting
• Snorting
This discharges the compressed energy completing a natural, physiological process.
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Wild animals instinctual responses after freezing
• Shaking
• Deep breathing
• Cavorting
• Snorting
This discharges the compressed energy completing a natural, physiological process.
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• This educational clip of the
polar bear is from the video:
• Polar Bear Alert
• National Geographic,1982
Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT)
Somatic Experiencing
Deep Breathing
Trauma Release
Exercise (TRE)
Massage
Yoga
Sports
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Tools to physically release trauma energy
Singing
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In addition to the physical brain body reactions,
we assign meaning to what happened
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Beliefs: trauma shatters many of the beliefs(meaning-
making assumptions) we have about life.
Unmet needs: We have unmet needs---for safety,
justice/vindication, dignity, resources, etc.,
The brain/body and on going fear, threat or cumulative traumas
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Repression
APPLICATION & EXERCISES
Class Session 2: What’s Normal
Trauma and the Body/Brain
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Video: Dr Daniel Siegel presenting a Hand Model of the Brain
Video can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/gm9CIJ74Oxw
The link is also available in the class
resources (included as part of your
download).
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Pause the class video while you watch the video above.
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“That just
wasn’t me.”
“I totally lost it.”
“I don’t know what got
into me.”
“Flipping our lids” helps us :
• Understand what happens to our brain in high stress and trauma
• Understand our own reactions and the actions/reactions of others
• Consider “which brain” we are working with when planning
programs, curriculum, interventions
The 3-part brain under high stress, trauma and retriggering
Limbic system/
Emotional brain
Brain stem/
Instinctual brain
Memory and emotion
THREAT First Alert!!
NOW! Survival!
Automatic reactions
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EXERCISE
Describe a time you “flipped your lid” or observed someone else
or even a group “flip their lid.” What was it like?
What helped you / them return to equilibrium?
Resources for physical release exercises
• Use psychoeducation to help people understand why this is important
• Shake & Awake exercise can be used to demonstrate
• Use physical release exercises people already know and use in everyday life, then add new ones
• Capacitar
http://capacitar.org/index.htm
• Download a free emergency kit
(available in multiple languages)
•
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http://capacitar.org/store.html
The Brain in the Palm of Your Hand, Daniel J. Siegel, MD
Click Images for more information
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Resources on trauma and the body/brain
TO PRACTICE OR TO LEARN MORE
Class Session 2: What’s Normal?
Trauma and the Body/Brain
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• Review Interpersonal Neurobiology expert Daniel Siegel
MD and Russ Harris MD, Brain in the palm of your hand
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gm9CIJ74Oxw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5CpRY9-MIHA
Suggested assignment
If you work with children, watch :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_dxnYhdyuY (4:25 minutes)
Hand Model of the Brain for KIDS - by Jeanette Yoffem MFW
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“That just
wasn’t me.”
“I totally lost it.”
“I don’t know what got
into me.”
Assignment:
• Be aware: When do you see yourself or others “flip your lid?”
• What is the threat?
• What do you feel in your body?
Practice: Tap the EFT points and saying what you are experiencing OR
Do deep breathing to counter the hyperarousal of your body
To ponder: What does it look like when groups or nations
are operating from the lower brain? “Flipping their lids?”
BONUS SECTION: Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Carolyn’s #1 favorite tool for releasing trauma from the body, brain, and
your energy system!
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Trauma creates “static” in your energy system.
EFT can be safely used by individuals and groups (even children) for trauma,
physical physical pain, anxiety, learning issues, and improving performance.
www
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Research at www.energypsych.org/?Research_Landing
EFT Step 1: Learn the EFT tapping points
Pictures ©2008 Dr. Alexander Lees, PhD All rights reserved.
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• A specific emotion or thought
• A physical feeling or sensation
• A specific event
EFT Step 1: Select a specific issue/problem
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Step 2: Rate the problem on a scale of 10 (SUDS: subjective units of distress scale)
• Extreme intensity
(as extreme as it gets)
• Moderate intensity
• No intensity
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Step 3: Do the simple EFT process
Tap on the acupoints points
“Stream of consciousness” say aloud (if in a private place) :
• Any thoughts running through your mind
• Any emotions you feel
• Any body sensations (e.g. can’t breathe, knot in stomach, etc)
• Or you can simply make sounds, or cry as you tap without words
• Pause occasionally and take a deep breath, in through the nose and letting it
out through the mouth
• Continue tapping the points until you feel calmer.
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2010 Ann Adams
How do we know when we are done?
I feel pity instead of anger.
I thought of a
solution! I feel so
peaceful!
I can see it happening but I
can’t feel it anymore.
The BAD
feeling is
gone!
The problem
looks distant.
I was NOT responsible for the
tragedy! I was just there!
I feel sooo relaxed.
If I were not
experiencing this
calm, I’d never
believe it.
Watch for the natural shift in thinking (a cognitive shift).
Step 4: Measuring Success Step 5 Learn the more formal EFT process
While tapping the karate point say aloud:
Even though I have this (name problem, or thought or feeling or physical sensation),
I acknowledge it’s there and I want to love myself anyway. (affirmation).
(Repeat 3x) Get a free manual at www.eftuniverse.com
Drawing from www.serenityenergyhealing.com
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Acknowledgments
Monica Bauman, Admin Assistant
Eve Knepp, PowerPoint Slides
Clay Showalter, Audio/Video Editor