Class Outline Reminders : Quiz # 1 on Feb. 16 th Field Trip on Feb. 16 th to Bowen Park after quiz...
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Transcript of Class Outline Reminders : Quiz # 1 on Feb. 16 th Field Trip on Feb. 16 th to Bowen Park after quiz...
Class OutlineClass Outline• Reminders:
• Quiz # 1 on Feb. 16th • Field Trip on Feb. 16th to Bowen Park after quiz
• Level 1: review questions• Level 2
• Plant Uses• Texture• Form• Zone (Hardiness)
• Plant List #3: Indoor Plants • Review: Bingo
QuizQuiz• Date: Feb. 16th
• Focus on Level 1 and Level 2 Plants• There will be 10 plants to identify:
• Family• Genus• Species• Cv• Common name• Landscape use(s)
• There will be 5 additional questions about morphology: leaf arrangement, common shapes and margins, flower and fruit types etc.
• Plus 5 questions on Level 1 E-1 (see review questions)
Level 2: Level 2: Identify Plants and Plant Requirements
• Identify plants used in all segments of horticulture.• Identify plants suitable for planting in difficult situations.
Objective:Objective:
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
Plant UsePlant Use• Bedding Plants: tender and half
hardy annuals as well as biennials and sometimes perennials. Bedding plants are used to create seasonal colour in beds and containers.
• Cut Flowers: commercial flower industry or as cut flowers for gardens.
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
Plant UsePlant Use• Trees and Shrubs: live for more than two years. A
single stem about 1.4 m high distinguishes trees from shrubs. Naturally multi- stemmed woody ‐plants, grown on a single stem, are called ‘standards’.
• Groundcovers: plants that have a low creeping habit. soil coverage in garden areas and effectively reduce soil erosion and compaction from overhead precipitation and weed growth.
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
Plant UsePlant Use• Climbers: woody (lianas) or
herbaceous (vines) plants that climb over structures and plants. They are often used as vertical elements as walls in gardens. – Climbers have different means of securing themselves
to the support structures, with growing adaptations like twining, attaching roots or tendrils.
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
TextureTexture• Texture refers to the overall visual fineness or
coarseness of the plant. Plant texture is generally defined by the coarseness or fineness of the plant leaves and stems. The size of leaf, spacing between branches and foliage, length of petioles and leaf surface all affect the sense of texture. The amount of light that penetrates a leaf or tree can also be used to discern texture.
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
FormForm
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
HardinessHardiness• The ultimate deciding factor in whether a plant will
survive in a garden in a given location (with adequate supplies of light, moisture and nutrients) is quite simply the lowest temperature it will have to endure.
• Currently, 2 hardiness zone systems are used in Canada:– United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)
Generally used throughout the world – The Canada Plant Hardiness Zones, Agriculture Canada
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
HardinessHardiness– United States Department of Agriculture (U.S.D.A.)– http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/Default.a
spx
– Vancouver Island zone 8 to 9
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
HardinessHardiness– The Canada Plant Hardiness Zones, Agriculture Canada– http://www.planthardiness.gc.ca/?m=1 – Vancouver Island Zone 7 - 8
Source: Hort Education BC, E-1, Level Two
Chlorophytum comosum
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Aloe vera
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Yucca elephantipes
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Peperomia obtusifolia
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Ficus benjamina
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Ficus elastica
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Philodendron x
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Monstera deliciosa (Tradescanthia zebrina)
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Crassula ovata
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Begonia x rex
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Aeschynanthus spp.
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Prunus lusitanicahttps://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
https://plantdatabase.kwantlen.ca/
Berberidaceae (Barberry)Berberidaceae (Barberry)Scientific Name:
Kingdom:Plantae - Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plantsDivision: Magnoliophyta – Flowering plantsClass: Magnoliopsida – DicotyledonsSubclass: MagnoliidaeOrder: RanunculalesFamily: Berberidaceae – Barberry familyGenus: MahoniaSpecies: M. nervoa, M. aquifolium
Ericaceae Ericaceae (Heath (Heath Family)Family)
Scientific Name:Kingdom: PlantaeTracheophyta (vascular)
Spermatophyta (seed bearing)Angiospermae (enclosed seeds)
Class: Dicoteldonae (two seed-leaves)Family: Ericaceae (Gk. ereiko = to break; referring to the brittle wood)Genera: Andomeda Arctostaphylos Ledum Loiseleuria Oxycoccus Rhododendron VacciniumSpecies: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi , Gaultheria shallon, Vaccinium ovatum 'Thunderbird‘, Erica carnea , Calluna vulgaris
Pinaceae (Pine Family)Pinaceae (Pine Family)Scientific Name:Kingdom: PlantaeDivisions:•Tracheophyta (vascular)
• Spermatophyta (seed bearing)• Gymnospermae (naked seed)
Class: Coniferae (cone bearing)Family: Pinaceae (Pine Family)Genera: Pinus - pines (about 115 species) Picea - spruces (about 35 species) Cathaya (one species) Larix - larches (about 14 species) Pseudotsuga - douglas-firs (five species) Pseudolarix - golden larch (one species) Abies - firs (about 50 species) Cedrus - cedars (two to four species) Keteleeria (three species) Nothotsuga (one species) Tsuga - hemlock (nine species)Species: Tsuga heterphylla, Abies grandis, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii
CupressaceaeCupressaceae (Cypress)(Cypress)
Scientific Name:Kingdom: PlantaeDivisions:Tracheophyta (vascular)
Spermatophyta (seed bearing)Gymnospermae (naked seed)
Class: Coniferae (cone bearing)Family: Cupressaceae (Cypress Family)Genera: Thuja, JuniperusSpecies: Thuja plicataEnglish Name(s):Cypress Family, Cedar Family
Plant Morphology & Plant Morphology & Plant IdentificationPlant Identification Scientific Names Ultimately based on fruit
and flower characteristics However, we may also identify plants by:
– Whole plant characteristics type, form, branching habit, etc.
– Leaf form, arrangement, odor, petiole, margin, veination, texture etc.
– Bark color, texture, etc.– Bud size, shape, number, etc.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification Bud - A compressed, undeveloped
shoot. Buds may be lateral or terminal. Node - point on the stem where leaf or
bud is borne. The space between two nodes is an internode
Lenticel - a "breathing pore" in the skin or bark of a stem.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant IdentificationSimple Leaf
– Petiole - the stalk of a leaf a leaf without a petiole is sessile
– Blade - the flat, expanded portion of the leaf
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Simple leaf– Stipule - flat, often leaf-like flap
below a leaf. Not all leaves have stipules. Stipules can be highly modified into tendrils, spines, scales, ect.
– Axillary bud - the bud in the axil - the angle between the leaf and stem.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf arrangement– Alternate - leaves
arranged one per node
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf arrangement– Opposite - leaves
arranged two per node
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf arrangement– Whorled - arranged two
or more per node
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant IdentificationLeaf arrangement
– Fascicled - leaves grouped in small, tight bundles
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Simple and compound leaves– Simple - the blade is all
in one piece, though it may be lobed, toothed, etc.
Helpful Hint: In trying to decide where a leaf begins, look for the axillary bud. Everything above the axillary budis all one leaf.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant IdentificationSimple and compound leaves
– Compound - the blade is divided all the way to the midrib (rachis) into two or more pieces.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Compound leaves– Once pinnately
compound - leaflets arranged along one undivided main axis. (odd or even number of leaflets)
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Compound leaves– Twice pinnately compound
- main axis (rachis) with two or more branches and the leaflets arranged along the branches. The branch divisions are primary leaflets and the ultimate divisions are secondary leaflets. There can also be thrice-pinnately compound leaves,etc.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Compound leaves– Palmately compound -
leaflets all arising from one point at the base of the leaf.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf veination– Pinnate - with a main
midvein and secondary veins arising from it at intervals
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf veination– Palmate - with the
main veins all arising from one point at the base of the leaf.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf veination– Parallel - with all the main veins parallel
(usually also parallel to the sides of the leaf.)
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf veination– Dichotomous -
with each vein branching in two again and again (e.g. Ginkgo)
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf lobing– Pinnately lobed - with the
lobes arising along the length of the mid-line of the leaf.
– Palmately lobed - with the lobes all arising from one point at the base of the leaf.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf shapes– Ovate - egg-shaped with the
larger end at the bottom.
• Elliptic - shaped like an ellipse, tapered at both ends and with curved sides.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf shapes– Oblong - tapered to both ends,
but with the sides more or less parallel.
• Lanceolate - shaped like the tip of a lance, broadest at the base and tapered to a long point.
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf shapes– Linear - very long and thin,
with the sides parallel
• Cordate - heart-shaped with the wide part at the bottom
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Entire - smooth, with no
teeth or lobes
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Serrate - with
sharp, forward-pointing teeth
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Doubly serrate -
with teeth which have smaller teeth on them
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Serrulate -
with very tiny sharp teeth
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Dentate - with
teeth which point outwards
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Crenate - with low,
rounded scallop-like teeth
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Undulate -
waving up and down
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Revolute - turned under
Plant Morphology - Plant Morphology - Plant IdentificationPlant Identification
Leaf margins– Lobed, parted,
divided, cut, etc. - A number of terms describe the various degrees of lobing.