Class Opener – Tuesday, August 12

*Grab a note set from black rolling cart by door, these questions are your warm up.*

1.Draw a set a diagrams that illustrate how the particles of a substance in the solid, liquid, and gas state differ.

2.How does the energy of the particles of a substance in the gas state compare to those in the liquid state.

3.What causes a substance to change from one state to another?

What is Chemistry?

• Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.– What’s it made of?– What can I do with it?– How can I mix it with other chemicals?– Does it go boom?

What’s it made of?

• The smallest particle that makes up all matter is the atom.

• Atom- smallest unit of matter that retains the characteristics of the material.

Atoms

Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases

• Particle distance– Usually closest together in solid state

• Particle energy– Particles in gas state have greatest energy

Other States

• Plasma state – high temperature state in which atoms lose

most of their electrons (super heated gas)– examples: sun, fluorescent bulbs

• Bose-Einstein condensate– ultra low temperatures – near absolute zero– What is absolute zero?

Absolute Zero

Changes in StateMatter has the ability to change state.

What causes this to happen?

Properties of Matter• Properties of matter can also be grouped into two

general types: physical properties and chemical properties.

• Physical properties – can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substance.– Ex: color, melting point– These can be extensive or intensive.

• Extensive- depends on the ex(sample)• Intensive- Inherent to the material, does not matter how much is

present.

• Chemical property – characteristic that once noticed alters the identity of the substance.– Ex: flammable, corrosive, “reacts with,” oxidation (rusting)

Properties of Sodium

• Sodium in Water

What Do You Think?• The following is observed by a chemistry student:

A 2.3 gram strip of shiny magnesium, which has a density of 5.6 g/mL, is placed in 25 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The magnesium reacts releasing bubbles as it comes in contact with the acid.

From this passage, identify the chemical and physical properties observed.

Safety in the Chemistry Lab

• Lab Accident at Jefferson High

• Lab Safety Rap

Reflection

• After reflecting on today’s lesson, complete three of the sentence starters in your chemistry journal entry for today.

• Sentence Starters– I’ve learned…

– I was surprised…

– I’m beginning to wonder…

– I would conclude…

– I now realize that…