Class Expectations –You can show respect by… Listening when the teacher or others are talking....
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Transcript of Class Expectations –You can show respect by… Listening when the teacher or others are talking....
Part IV
• Class Expectations– You can show respect by…
• Listening when the teacher or others are talking.– One speaker at a time, please raise your hand.
• Please no cross-room conversations during work time.
– You can be responsible by…• Staying organized and avoiding distraction.• Staying focused on task completion.
– You can make good choices by…• Attending class regularly • Doing your best and never giving up.
– Be Safe!• First, last, and always.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
New Area of Focus: Animalia
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Domains and KingdomsDomain Bacteria Archaea
Kingdom Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
Cell Type Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
Prokaryotic (No nucleus)
Eukaryotic (Nucleus)
Eukaryotic (Nucleus)
Eukaryotic (Nucleus)
Eukaryotic (Nucleus)
Single or Multi-Cellular
Single(Unicellular)
Single(Unicellular)
Single(Unicellular)
Multicellular Multicellular Multicellular
Gets Energy from..
Varies Varies Varies Sunlight Absorbs Consumes FoodHetero-trophs
Eukarya
\Can you say this with me…
Millions of species6 Kingdoms
Organized by their similarities and differences
and placed into a naming system
DiverseAnimals are…
Multicellu
lar
Heterotrophs
Eukaryotic
Characteristics of Animalia.-----
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Learn more about the characteristics of animals at… http://animals.about.com/od/animal-facts/a/animal-characteristics.htm
No cell walls.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals have a period of embryonic development.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals have a period of embryonic development.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals have Diplontic life cycle.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals have Diplontic life cycle. Genetic information can come from a
mother and father. (Many species)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Fertilization: The joining of the egg and the sperm.– The sperm and egg contain genetic information
that will allow this one cell to multiply into trillions.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals eat food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals eat food.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
So they need to…
Animals move.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals move.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
So they need…
Animals have muscle tissue.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Animals have muscle tissue.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
and to control the muscle tissueanimals need…
Animals have nervous tissues.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Asexual reproduction: A mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent.– The offspring inherit the genes of that parent only,
it’s reproduction which does not involve meiosis or fertilization.
• A few ways animals reproduce without two parents.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Budding: Offspring develop as a growth on the body of the parent.
Offspring
• Fragmentation: As certain tiny worms grow to full size, they spontaneously break up into 8 or 9 pieces. Each of these fragments develops into a mature worm, and the process is repeated.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Which one is the original?
A
Comet / Original
Many Echinoderms can shed a arm “comet” that can regrow the disc and further arms.
• Parthenogenesis ("virgin birth"), the females produce eggs, but these develop into young without ever being fertilized.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Asexual Reproduction.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jk2RJm5RBEk
Animals have three types of symmetry.---
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Bilateral symmetry.Same on both sides.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Radial Symmetry.Arranged equally in all directions from a
central point.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Asymmetrical.Having no symmetry.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Short article about animal symmetry at… http://www.decodedscience.com/animal-body-plans-symmetry-in-action/13171
• Quiz 1-10 Name the type of symmetry• “Let’s do it with symbols”
– One finger “Index Please!” (Bilateral)– All five fingers (Radial)– Just a fist (asymmetrical)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Bilateral Radial Asymmetrical
Clam Open Clam Shut
• Bonus –TWILIGHT?
New Area of Focus: Learning the Phylums and Animalia.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Goal, you can look at most any animal on the planet and be able to identify it to the phylum.– Instead of…”Oh, a worm thing with eyes.”– “This is a member of the Kingdom Animalia in
the phylum Platyhelminthes commonly called a flatworm.”
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Chordata
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Porifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Earthworm
• Caution! Graphic Images of Animal Phyla Ahead.
If you don’t like spiders, scorpions,snakes, lizards, or insects you won’t
Enjoy the remainder of this lesson.
If you have some sort of serious phobia
please alert the Teacher.
• Placozoa: The simplest animal known.– Smallest amount on DNA of any animal.– Made of only a few thousand cells.
• It only has four types of cells compared to our 200 types,
– 3 mm across.– May have been the first type of animal evolving
from single celled Protists.
Taxonomist aren’t really sure where they go because only a few have ever been observed.
Chordata
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Porifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Metazoan animals: They are multicellular, mitochondrial eukaryotes with differentiated tissues, including nerves and muscles.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Phylum Porifera – SpongesAsymmetrical.
• Video! Sea Sponge filter feeding.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7E1rq7zHLc
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Learn more about Porifera / sponges at… http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/sponge/
Feeding without a mouth or anus
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Coral
Anemone
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Coral
Anemone
Ctenophora
Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells.Silent C (ni dérree ən).
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells.Silent C (ni dérree ən). Radial symmetry.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Answer:Jellies don’t have a brain, central nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, and they have an incomplete digestive system.
They do have nerve cells
• Phylum Cnidaria: – Jellyfish is a misnomer.
• Phylum Cnidaria: – Jellyfish is a misnomer. They are not fish and
do not even have a backbone.
• Phylum Cnidaria: – Jellyfish is a misnomer. They are not fish and
do not even have a backbone.– They have roamed the seas for over 500 million
years (oldest multi-cellular creature)
Hydra
Hydra
Bud
Typical Life Cycle
• Two layers of cells. – The outer layer is known as the ectoderm
or epidermis.– Layer in the middle is jelly. – Inner layer is known as the endoderm or
gastrodermis.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Very diverse phylum.– Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea
pens) 6000 spp– Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp– Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral)
3000 spp– Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Very diverse phylum.– Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea
pens) 6000 spp– Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp– Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral)
3000 spp– Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Very diverse phylum.– Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea
pens) 6000 spp– Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp– Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral)
3000 spp– Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Very diverse phylum.– Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea
pens) 6000 spp– Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp– Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral)
3000 spp– Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Which is a…– Coral (Anthozoa)– Box Jelly (Cuboza)– Hydra (Hydrozoa)– True Jelly (Scyphozoa)
True Box
Coral
Hydra
• Which is a…– Coral (Anthozoa)– Box Jelly (Cuboza)– Hydra (Hydrozoa)– True Jelly (Scyphozoa)
HydraBud
Corals and Anemones
True Jelly
BoxJelly
“Still a large Cnidarian however”
Learn more about the Phylum Cnidaria at… http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidaria.html
• Video Link. Cnidaria and Ctenophora– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HzFiQFFQ
Yw
• Video Link! Jellies of North America.– More entertaining, less Taxonomic.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cc8JT4A7Sp4
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Coral
Anemone
Ctenophora
• Comb Jellies belong to a different Phylum called Ctenophora. – They are shaped differently and have cilia to
propel themselves.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Example: Hemichordata (Acorn worms)– The are not true chordates.– Learn more about Hemichodata at..– http
://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/hemichordata.html
Name means half chordate.They have a stomochordWhich is a nerve chord
• Which one is Hemichordata (Acorn worms) and which is a plate of hot dogs?
A B
Sausages
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Earthworm
Hemichordata
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• There are three types of worms– Flatworms– Roundworms– Segmented worms
• There are three types of worms– Flatworms?– Roundworms?– Segmented worms?ented wor
Phylum NematodaThe Roundworms.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Can lay 27 million eggs during its life and can lay more than 200,000 of them in a single day.
Some scientists have estimated that there may be as many as half a million more unkown species of roundworm yet to be discovered,
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• No joke, this is the mouth of a parasitic nematode that lives in your intestine and is common to almost all humans.
• Nematodes have a round body cavity.
Learn more about Nematoda at… http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Nematoda/ or http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda.html
Phylum Platyhelminthes.The Flatworms.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Phylum Platyhelminthes.The Flatworms.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
The mouthis also the Anus
• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) eat and release waste from the same opening.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Learn more about the Phylum Platyhelminthes at… http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Platyhelminthes/
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Simplest animals that are bilaterally symmetric
Human Lung FlukeParasite
Human Lung FlukeParasite
Acoelomates = Having no body cavity
The lack of a large bodycavities requires the flatworm to be…
Also for the flatworm to respire through diffusion
Echinodermata
Nematoda
AnnelidaPlatyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Rotifera
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Phylum AnnelidaThe segmented worms.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Can you match
A B C
Coelomate Acoelomate
Pseudo-coelomate
Can you match
A B C
CoelomateAcoelomate
Pseudo-coelomate
• Video! Annelida (Leech Therapy)– Caution! If you don’t like leeches, you won’t like
this news clip.– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bYeqPvv5s_E
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
• Video Link! Leeches NOVA podcast– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKUAroimQrk
Learn more about Annelida at… http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/annelida.html