Saxifragales, rosids (fabids part I)

Today’s lecture

– Class exercise

•  Crassulaceae •  Saxifragaceae •  Fabaceae

–  Class exercise •  Rosaceae

Class exercise – pictionary

Soltis et al., 2011

Monocots'

ANITA'grade'

Magnoliids'

Ranunculaceae'

Caryophyllales'

Saxifragales'

Rosids'

Angiosperm phylogeny

�Basal eudicots�

Asterids Rosids

Eudicots (Tricolpates)

Angiosperm phylogeny

35 genera; 1,500 species Habit: Leaves: Drought adaptation:

Crassulaceae

Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous)

Often succulent Usually simple, variously arranged

Thick, waxy cuticle Sunken stomata CAM photosynthesis

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/phoc.html#c4

Crassulaceae

Crassulaceae

Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

radial

4-5 sepals 4-5 petals

4-10

4-5 carpels, partially fused

superior

Aggregate of follicles

30 genera, 550 species Habit: Leaves:

Saxifragaceae

Herbaceous

Usually simple Usually alternate, often all basal Palmate veination

Heuchera sanguinea Tellima grandiflora

Saxifragaceae

Saxifragaceae

Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

radial

5 sepals 5 petals

5 or 10

Saxifragaceae

Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

radial

5 sepals 5 petals

5 or 10

2-3 carpels, partially fused

Superior to inferior

Capsule or follicle

Rosids

Rosids

630 genera; 18,000 species Habit: Leaves: Roots:

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Note: Alternate family names with an -ae ending are accepted for a few families.

Herbaceous to woody (ours usually herbaceous)

Usually compound, alternate, often with stipules

Root nodules

http://teagueesorientation.wikispaces.com/

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Textbook DVD JRA

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Glycine max

Phaseolus spp. Lens culinaris

Cicer arietinum Arachis hypogaea

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Cae

salp

inio

idea

e

Mim

osoi

deae

Fabo

idea

e (P

apili

onoi

deae

)

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Doyle et al., 1997

Caesalpinioideae is paraphyletic

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Faboideae (Papilionoideae) Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

bilateral

5 sepals 5 petals: banner, wings, keel

Diadelphous (9 + 1)

1 simple pistil (1 carpel)

Superior

Legume

Flag flower

Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Mimosoideae

radial

5 sepals, 5 petals inconspicuous

Many: brush flower

1 simple pistil (1 carpel)

Superior

Legume

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Caesalpinioideae Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

bilateral

5 sepals, 5 petals All free

10, free

1 simple pistil (1 carpel)

Superior

Legume

3 Subfamilies based on floral type: Papilionoideae (Faboideae) flowers are typical pea/ “Flag” flowers:

bilaterally symmetric conspicuous petal = banner for attraction 2 wings (that form a landing platform) 2 lower petals fused to form a “keel” (which encloses stamens & carpel) diadelphous stamens (9 fused + 1 free) [di = two]

Mimosoideae flowers are called “brush” flowers

radially symmetric many stamens that are exerted on long filaments and stamens form a brush that covers visiting insects or birds with pollen.

Caesalpinoideae flowers bilaterally symmetric like flag flower but the lower petals are NOT fused into a keel (5 free) and the 10 stamens are all free

Flag Flower

keel

wingwing

Banner

9 fused stamens

1 free stamen

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

•  You have six examples of fleshy fruits belonging to members of Rosaceae.

•  Working with your group, try to figure out: – What type of fruit is each one? – How would you classify these six species

into two or more groups?

Class exercise – fruit types

85 genera; 3,000 species Habit: Leaves:

Rosaceae

Herbaceous to woody

Often compound, alternate, margins serrate, usually with stipules

85 genera; 3,000 species

Rosaceae

“A rose by any other name would smell as

sweet...”

Symmetry: Perianth parts: Stamens: Pistils: Ovary position: Fruit type:

Rosaceae

radial

5 sepals 5 petals

many

1 – many

various

various

Rosaceae

Spiraeoideae

Rosaceae

Rosoideae

Rosaceae

Rosoideae

Rosaceae

Maloideae (Pomoideae)

Rosaceae

Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae)

Subfamilies Carpels Fruit type Spiraeoideae 2-5, free or fused follicle or capsule Rosoideae many, free aggregate Amygdaloideae 1 drupe (Prunoideae) Maloideae 2-5, fused pome (Pomoideae)

Rosaceae

(Morgan et al. 1994)

Rosaceae