Phylum Chordata- Sub Phylum Vertebrata- Class Chondrichthyes By: Al-John Ahmad
Class Chondrichthyes “Cartilaginous Fish” Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub Phylum:...
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Transcript of Class Chondrichthyes “Cartilaginous Fish” Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Sub Phylum:...
Class Chondrichthyes Class Chondrichthyes
““Cartilaginous Fish”Cartilaginous Fish”
Kingdom: AnimaliaKingdom: Animalia
Phylum: ChordataPhylum: Chordata
Sub Phylum: VerterbrataSub Phylum: Verterbrata
Class: ChondrichthyesClass: Chondrichthyes
Class ChondrichthyesClass Chondrichthyes
Sharks, Rays, Sharks, Rays, Skates, RatfishSkates, Ratfish
Skeleton made of Skeleton made of cartilagecartilage
General General CharacteristicsCharacteristics
Possess movable Possess movable jaws that usually jaws that usually have teethhave teeth
Mouth is ventral, Mouth is ventral, underneath the underneath the headhead
General General CharacteristicsCharacteristics Paired lateral finsPaired lateral fins
General General CharacteristicsCharacteristics Rough, sand Rough, sand
paper like skinpaper like skin Made up of Made up of
scales that have scales that have the same the same composition as composition as teethteeth
Ratfish / ChimaerasRatfish / Chimaeras
Gill slits covered Gill slits covered by a flap of skinby a flap of skin
Mostly deep-Mostly deep-water fishwater fish
Eat crustaceans Eat crustaceans and mollusksand mollusks
Skates & RaysSkates & Rays
Flattened bodiesFlattened bodies Dermersal – live Dermersal – live
on the bottomon the bottom Gill slits on the Gill slits on the
ventral side ventral side (bottom)(bottom)
Skates & RaysSkates & Rays
Pectoral fins are Pectoral fins are flat and flat and expandedexpanded
Head fuses with Head fuses with pectoral fins with pectoral fins with eyes on topeyes on top
SawfishSawfish
Ventral gill slitsVentral gill slits Swing blade Swing blade
through schools through schools disabling preydisabling prey
Similar to saw Similar to saw sharks except for sharks except for size and gill size and gill placementplacement
StingraysStingrays Equipped with a Equipped with a
stinging spinestinging spine Spine connected Spine connected
to venomous to venomous glandsglands
Teeth modified Teeth modified into grinding into grinding platesplates
Manta & Devil RaysManta & Devil Rays
Not bottom Not bottom dwellers instead dwellers instead choose to swimchoose to swim
Sharks Sharks
Living FossilsLiving Fossils Have not needed Have not needed
to evolve for 100 to evolve for 100 million yearsmillion years
MegalodonMegalodon
Ancient sharkAncient shark Largest predatory fish Largest predatory fish
everever Twice the size of a Twice the size of a
great whitegreat white
External StructureExternal Structure
Paired vs. Unpaired Paired vs. Unpaired finsfins Paired: Pectoral & PelvicPaired: Pectoral & Pelvic Comparable to our arms and legsComparable to our arms and legs Unpaired: 1Unpaired: 1stst Dorsal, 2 Dorsal, 2ndnd Dorsal, Dorsal,
Anal, and CaudalAnal, and Caudal All found along mid-lineAll found along mid-line
ScalesScales
Scales are very small and sharpScales are very small and sharp Same composition as the teethSame composition as the teeth
JawsJaws
Made of boneMade of bone Contain the Contain the
disposable teethdisposable teeth In some species In some species
capable of capable of extending jaw extending jaw out from bodyout from body
TeethTeeth
Same Same composition as composition as the scalesthe scales
Continually shed Continually shed and replaced by and replaced by the rows behindthe rows behind
RespirationRespiration
Must swim to Must swim to force water force water through their gillsthrough their gills
Some such as Some such as nurse sharks can nurse sharks can get enough get enough oxygen so they oxygen so they do not need to do not need to swimswim
DigestionDigestion
Very short Very short esophogusesophogus
Stomach can be Stomach can be up to 1/3 the up to 1/3 the length of the length of the sharkshark
Intestine is really Intestine is really small, only about small, only about a foota foot
Nervous SystemNervous System
Lateral line used for sensing vibrations Lateral line used for sensing vibrations in the waterin the water
Nervous SystemNervous System
Ampullae of LorenziniAmpullae of Lorenzini Jelly filled canals that can detect electrical Jelly filled canals that can detect electrical
fields, magnetic fields, temperature, fields, magnetic fields, temperature, salinity, water pressure, etc.salinity, water pressure, etc.
Nervous SystemNervous System
Paired external Paired external nostrils that lead nostrils that lead directly to the directly to the brainbrain
Very acute sense Very acute sense of smell, can of smell, can detect detect concentrations as concentrations as low as one part low as one part per billionper billion
Shark ClassificationShark Classification
Two Super-Orders:Two Super-Orders:– Galeomorphs & SqualomorphsGaleomorphs & Squalomorphs
Further broken down into ordersFurther broken down into orders
Order Order Heterodontiformes:Heterodontiformes:
Bullhead SharksBullhead Sharks Pig like snoutPig like snout Bottom dwellersBottom dwellers
Order Order Orectolobiformes:Orectolobiformes: ““Carpet Sharks”Carpet Sharks” Very short mouthsVery short mouths Upper lobe of Upper lobe of
caudal fin caudal fin extended with extended with reduced lower reduced lower lobelobe
Includes filter Includes filter feedersfeeders
Order Lamniformes:Order Lamniformes:
““Mackerel Fish”Mackerel Fish” Larger front teethLarger front teeth Include some of Include some of
most popularmost popular Most are active Most are active
predatorspredators Functionally Functionally
warm-bloodedwarm-blooded
Order Lamniformes:Order Lamniformes:
““Goblin Sharks”Goblin Sharks” MitsukurindidaeMitsukurindidae
““Sandtiger Sandtiger Sharks”Sharks”
CarchariidaeCarchariidae
Order Lamniformes:Order Lamniformes:
““Ragged-Tooth Ragged-Tooth Sharks”Sharks”
OdontaspididaeOdontaspididae
““Thresher Thresher Sharks”Sharks”
AlopiidaeAlopiidae
Order Lamniformes:Order Lamniformes:
““Megamouth Megamouth Shark”Shark”
MegachasmidaeMegachasmidae
““Crocodile Crocodile Sharks”Sharks”
PseudocarchariidaPseudocarchariidaee
Order Lamniformes:Order Lamniformes:
““Basking Shark”Basking Shark” CetorhinidaeCetorhinidae
““Mackerel Mackerel Sharks”Sharks”
LamnidaeLamnidae
Order Order Carcharhiniformes:Carcharhiniformes:
““Ground or Ground or Whaler Sharks”Whaler Sharks”
Adaptable to Adaptable to many many environments, environments, even estuarine even estuarine and freshwater and freshwater
Flappable lower Flappable lower eyelidseyelids
Order Order Carcharhiniformes:Carcharhiniformes: ““Whaler Sharks”Whaler Sharks” CarcharhinidaeCarcharhinidae
““Hammerhead Hammerhead Sharks”Sharks”
SphyrnidaeSphyrnidae
Order Order Carcharhiniformes:Carcharhiniformes:
““Cat Sharks”Cat Sharks” SchliorhinidaeSchliorhinidae
Order ChlamydoselachiOrder Chlamydoselachi
““Frilled Shark”Frilled Shark” Eel like bodyEel like body Teeth are three Teeth are three
prongedpronged Deep waterDeep water
Order HexanchiformesOrder Hexanchiformes
““Cow Sharks”Cow Sharks” Deep waterDeep water Very little is knownVery little is known
Order Order EchinorhiniformesEchinorhiniformes ““Bramble Sharks”Bramble Sharks” Thick tail stalkThick tail stalk Has bumps on skinHas bumps on skin ““hedgehog sharkhedgehog shark
Order SqauliformesOrder Sqauliformes
““Dogfish Sharks”Dogfish Sharks” Large ranges of sizesLarge ranges of sizes Generally best known sharkGenerally best known shark
Order SqauliformesOrder Sqauliformes
Greenland Shark Greenland Shark (21 feet +)(21 feet +)
Dwarf Dwarf LaternsharkLaternshark
Order SquantiniformesOrder Squantiniformes
““Angel Sharks”Angel Sharks” Flattened bodiesFlattened bodies Gills on ventral sideGills on ventral side Mouth at end rather than ventral like rays Mouth at end rather than ventral like rays
and skatesand skates
Order Order PristiophoriformesPristiophoriformes
““Sawsharks’Sawsharks’ Similar to Similar to
sawfish, but sawfish, but skinnier and skinnier and have sensitive have sensitive barbs on snoutbarbs on snout
Alternating long Alternating long short teethshort teeth