Class Announcements:The school division is loaning out a free laptop computer to any student in need of one. If you would like to be on the list for consideration, see me after class to be placed on the list.Have you turned in your “Student Profile” sheet to me yet?

Make-up quizzes: ALL are to be taken Wed and Thurs after school this week.

Aim: to explain the 7 perspectives in psychologyDo Now: complete waves and turn in

HW: Guided reading pages 30-46 (not 43)

1A- Homeroom forms to return:*Please mark off each form you have turned in on chart

Stranger Paper

• On your sheet of paper,make at least five

behavioral observations about your subject/stranger.

Ex: they fidget often....

Stranger paper• Next, try to draw at least

ONE conclusion about this person based on your observations.

• Ex: they are athletic, they are organized etc.

• When both are finished, spend about 5 minutes getting to know each other.

Come to white board and answer the following:

• What challenges did you encounter ?

• Were your conclusions accurate? Why or why not?

•Is Psychology a science?

PsychologyWhat is it?

The science of behavior and mental processes.

Behavior- our actions, responseshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ1OZsNvkns

Mental processes- internal subjective experiences (dreaming, thoughts, sensation, perception, beliefs, feelings …)

http://www.youtube.com/user/profsimons#p/a/u/1/IGQmdoK_ZfY

History of Psychology• Although the science of psychology is

very young (late 1800’s), the concept has been around a lot longer.

• There was evidence of trephining (cutting holes into a skull to let evil spirits out) back in the stone age.

It was like a bad SAW movie!!!!

Waves of Psychology

• The science of psychology has gone through about 5 different waves since it started.

• Waves are different ways of thinking and explain human behavior over time.

Wave One: Early SchoolsKickin’ it old school

•Started with William Wundt’s (the Father of Psychology. He created the FIRST psychological laboratory and used a technique of introspection .

• E.B. Titchener wanted to study the structural elements of the mind so his school was called structuralism …like chemists study the structure of matter, why not the mind?????? These guys were

considered hot, back in the day…

Wave 1 – Introspection• Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

– 1st research lab in Leipzig, Germany

– Studied reaction time to a audible stimulus – how long to press a button after hearing a bell

– Then participants had to write how each was affected:

• Feelings/Emotions• Images• Thoughts

– **This technique was called introspection

“Physiological psychology is, therefore, first of all psychology “ – Wundt

Introspection Demo

• 1. What is a thought you have as you taste the candy?

• 2. What image comes to mind?

• 3. Describe an emotion you are experiencing right now.

Wilhelm Wundt

Considered the “Father of Psychology”

Functionalism: William James

• Another early school was Functionalism• William James was very influenced by the new

theory of evolution.• He felt behavior should be explained in view of its evolutionary function.

For ex: Why do most of us fear heights???

William James also…

• Was a Psychology professor at Harvard U. and wrote the first Psych textbook.

Thanks Will!!!

Review:

• So…..what aspect of the definition of psychology did Wave I (Wundt, Titchener, James) emphasize????

• “Psychology is the science of _________ and ___________.”

Wave Two: Gestalt Psychology• Led by Max Wertheimer, these guys focused not on

how we feel, but on how we experience the world.• The whole of an experience can be more than the

sum of its parts.

Think for a moment of all the reasons that you love your mom.If you add all those reasons up, do they equal your love for your

mom?Hopefully not!!!

This may seem like one picture, but it can be perceived as 2 different faces. Can you find them?

Wave Three: Psychoanalysis

• This wave of thinking started with Sigmund Freud (in the early 1900’s).

• A physician from Austria, he became convinced that we are unaware of WHY we act or behave as we do

• ff

“The Perve”

Freud: Psychoanalysis

• In a nutshell, during this time period people believed that most of your feelings come from a hidden place in your mind called the unconscious.

• He believed that our true motivations and urges are expressed in dreams, slips of the tongue and subliminal behavior.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHS3PHvP3QA

• Ex: freudian slips

Wave Four: Behaviorism• During this time period (early to mid 1900s), people started to ignore how you feel inside.

• This approach was a reaction to the study of inner thoughts.

• “How scientific is that??”They asked. “How will we ever be taken seriously by the scientific community if we don’t make Psychology based on scientific study”. Therefore, they decided that ONLY observable behavior would and could be studied.

• Very popular during the conservative 1950’s when social appearance mattered more than self expression.

Behaviorism: Watson & Skinner• Two most famous behaviorists:

Watson

Skinner

So hot!

Wave 4 – Behaviorism • Organisms tend to repeat responses

that lead to positive outcomes• …not to repeat those that lead to

neutral or negative outcomes

• Free will is an illusion

Wave Five: Eclectic• We are now in wave five….which is about

variety.

• Psychologists pick and choose what theories to use depending on the situation and the client.

Wave Five is made up of about 7 different perspectives.

In other words, psychologists today, pick and choose from about 7 schools of thought to help you with your problems.

Thus we have:THE SEVEN SCHOOLS OF

PSYCHOLOGY

Biopsychology (Neuroscience) Perspective

• All of your feelings and behaviors have an organic root or physiological origin.

• In other words, they come from your brain, body chemistry, neurotransmitters, hormones etc…

Evolutionary Perspective

• Focuses on Darwinism.

• We behave the way we do because we inherited those behaviors.

• Thus, those behaviors must have helped ensure our ancestors survival.

• Girls….which face do you prefer?

Guys…which is more attractive?

Psychoanalytic Perspective

• Focuses on the unconscious mind.

• We repress many of our true feelings and are not aware of them.

• In order to get better, we must bring forward the true feelings we have in our unconscious.

If a man has intimacy issues and cannot form relationships with others. What do you think someone from this school may think?

Perhaps they may delve into the man’s unconscious and discover that he was bullied when he were younger. The bullying may have caused fear in getting close to others.

Behavioral Perspective

• Focuses on observable behaviors while putting feelings to the side.

• We behave in ways because we have been conditioned to do so.

• To change behaviors, we have to recondition the client.

.

.

If you bit your fingernails when you were nervous, a behaviorist would not focus on calming you down, but rather focus on how to stop you from biting your nails.

Humanist Perspective• Peaked in the late

1960’s and 70’s….so it focused on spirituality and free will.

• We have to strive to be the best we can be “self-actualization”.

• Happiness is defined by the distance between our “self-concept” and “ideal self”.

Cognitive Perspective

• Focuses on how we think (or encode information)

• Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think.

You meet a girl…Hopes are high!!!

She rejects you…don’t even get digits.

How do you react to the rejection?

Some think “I’m gonna get back on the horseand try again.”

Some might think “I give up on love” and live a lonely life of solitude.

Social-Cultural Perspective

• Says that much of your behavior and your feelings are dictated by the culture you live in.

• People drink LOTS of Vodka in Russia. When studying alcoholism, you would take one’s culture into account.

Wave 5 – Multiple Perspectives

• Eclectic approach

• Cognitive Psych is the most cited in research and clinical settings

1. Who wrote the first Psychology textbook?

• A. Wilhelm Wundt• B. William James• C. J.B. Watson• D. S. Freud• E. B.F. Skinner

2. According to behaviorists, behavior is governed primarily by

a) heredityb) personal motivesc) the environmentd) unconscious desires

3. Wundt’s technique of reporting one’s conscious mental experiences is known asa. introspectionb. structuralismc. functionalismd. psychodynamisme. humanism

4. William James, who was a pioneer in the development of functionalism, was most heavily influenced by

a) Charles Darwinb) Sigmund Freudc) John Watsond) B. F. Skinner

5. Functionalism is the historical school of psychology that focused its attention on

a. unconscious processes and their effect on behaviorb. cognitive associations and how those impact learned actionsc. the effect of relationships between parents and children on behaviord. the belief that mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and functione. the individual structures that make up the mind and how each affects and determines behavior

6. Which psychological approach is most concerned with the importance of encoding, storage, and retrieving information

a) information technologyb) behavioral approachc) biological approachd) cognitive approach

7. With which definition of psychology would John Watson and B. F. Skinner most agree?

a) Psychology is the science of behavior.b) Psychology is the science of mental

processes.c) Psychology is the science of behavior

and mental processes.d) Psychology is the science of behavior and

mental processes specific to contexts.

Is Psychology a science?????

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TMXnh2wtUY&feature=player_embedded