From Malthus to Sustainable Energy—Theoretical Orientations to Reforming the Energy Sector
Class 8 Theoretical Orientations Overview Plus Social Learning And Constructivist
Transcript of Class 8 Theoretical Orientations Overview Plus Social Learning And Constructivist
Learning Philosophies or Theoretical Orientations
Class Session 8 ADLT 601
OrientationsBehavioristCognitivistHumanistSocial learning / social cognitivist
Constructivist
The Relationship of Theory to Action
Theory without action leads to an empty idealism, action without philosophical reflection leads to mindless activity.
Elias, J. L., & Merriam, S. B. (1995). Philosophical foundations of adult education (2nd Ed.). Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing.
Behaviorism - AssumptionsFocus on observable behavior
Belief that environment shapes behavior
Principles of contiguity and reinforcement
BehaviorismContiguity - how close in time
two events must be for a bond to be formed
Reinforcement - Any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be repeated
Thorndike
Skinner
Cognitive Orientation Learning is a cognitive
phenomenon.
An individual comes to see a solution after thinking about a problem – “Ah ha!”
We rework a problem in our minds until we arrive at a solution, until we gain insight into the problem.
HumanismLearning from the perspective
of human potential for growth.
People are good and will strive for a better world.
People are free to act.
Behavior is the consequence of human choice.
People possess unlimited potential for growth and development.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsSelf-Actualization
Self-EsteemBelonging and love
SecurityPhysiological
Social Learning (also called the Social Cognitivist Orientation
Combines elements of behaviorist and cognitivist approaches
Learning from observation, modeling
Group Exercise on MentoringEach group will have one of
the articles / readings to review (25 minutes)
Report on what you see as the main ideas about mentoring for social learning theory (social cognitivism).
15 minutes to prepare to prepare a flip chart with 3-5 main points; report out.
Social Learning
Constructivism
ConstructivismIndividual or personal constructivism –
internal cognitive activity. We develop our own individual knowledge schemes.
Social constructivism – learning is constructed when individuals interact. Making meaning is a dialogic process.