Class 8

Grammatica

Codici Veteri

Redditus a libro mortuarum

Review

Class 4

Spelling changes:

Classical-ae-oe-h--ti

-ct- c-

-sc- ob-

Medieval-e-e

-ch--ci

-cc- s-

-ss- op-

Cases:

NOMINATIVE:

for nouns used as subjects in a sentence or clause

GENITIVE:

shows possession

DATIVE:

noun receives action, indirect object

ACCUSATIVE:

noun is acted upon, direct object

ABLATIVE:

normally used for nouns following a preposition

1st Declension: silva, -ae

SINGULAR PLURAL

• Nominative: silv-a silv-ae

• Genitive: silv-ae silv-arum

• Dative: silv-ae silv-is

• Accusative: silv-am silv-as

• Ablative: silv-ā silv-is

Review

Class 4 (cont.)

1st Conjugation (present)

Verbs generally have four principle parts

aro arare aravi aratus, -a, -um

To form the present tense, find present stem from infinitive (2nd principle part), drop infinitive ending –re, and add the present system endings:

ara + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]

baptiz-o baptiza-musbaptiza-s baptiza-tisbaptiza-t baptiza-nt

Review

Class 4 (cont.)

Review

Class 5

2nd Declension (masc.), patrinus, -i

SINGULAR PLURAL

• Nominative: patrinus patrini

• Genitive: patrini patrinorum

• Dative: patrino patrinis

• Accusative: patrinum patrinos

• Ablative: patrino patrinis

SINGULAR PLURAL

• Nominative: pratum prata

• Genitive: prati pratorum

• Dative: prato pratis

• Accusative: pratum prata

• Ablative: prato pratis

2nd Declension (neuter), pratum, -i

Review

Class 5 (cont.)

Review

Class 5 (cont.)

4th Declension: manus, -us

SINGULAR PLURAL

• Nominative: manus manus

• Genitive: manus manuum

• Dative: manui manibus

• Accusative: manum manus

• Ablative: manu manibus

Review

Class 5 (cont.)

5th Declension: res, rei

SINGULAR PLURAL

• Nominative: res res

• Genitive: rei rerum

• Dative: rei rebus

• Accusative: rem res

• Ablative: re rebus

Review

Class 5 (cont.)

1st & 2nd Declension Adj.

N.B. Adjectives need to agree with any noun, whether it is m., f., or n., and so must have the forms for each gender in all cases and both numbers

masc. fem. neuter masc. fem. neuter

Sing. Plural

NGDAcAb

bonusbonibonobonumbono

bonabonaebonaebonambona

bonumbonibonobonumbono

bonibonorumbonisbonosbonis

bonaebonarumbonisbonasbonis

bonabonorumbonisbonabonis

Review

Class 6

2nd Conjugation (present)

teneo (2) [teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum]

teneo tenemustenes tenetistenet tenent

Review

Class 6 (cont.)

Verbs generally have four principle parts

aro arare aravi aratus, -a, -um

To form the present tense, find present stem from infinitive (2nd principle part) by dropping infinitive ending –re and add the present system endings:

ara + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt

To form the perfect tense, find the perfect stem from the 3rd principle part and add the perfect system endings:

arav+ -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis. -erunt

baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]

baptizavi baptizavimusbaptizavisti baptizavistisbaptizavit baptizaverunt

Perfect tense

Review

Class 6 (cont.)

Future tense: 1st & 2nd conj.

baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]

baptizabo baptizabimusbaptizabis baptizabitisbaptizabit baptizabunt

The future is a present system tense formed by adding the tense sign –bi- to the stem and then adding the personal endings

Imperfect tense: 1st – 4th conj.

Review

Class 6 (cont.) The imperfect is a present system tense formed by adding the tense sign –ba- to the stem and then adding the personal endings

baptizo (1) [baptizo, baptizare, baptizavi, baptizatum]

baptizabam baptizabamusbaptizabas baptizabatisbaptizabat baptizabant

Review

Class 7

3rd Declension: rex, regis

SINGULAR PLURAL

• Nominative: rex reges

• Genitive: regis regum

• Dative: regi regibus

• Accusative: regem reges

• Ablative: rege regibus

The true stem of a 3rd declension noun is usually revealed in the genitive singular

Review

Class 7

Relative pronouns: qui, que, quod

masc. fem. neuter masc. fem. neuter

Sing. Plural

NGDAcAb

quicuiuscuiquemquo

quecuiuscuiquamqua

quodcuiuscuiquodquo

quiquorumquibusquosquibus

quequarumquibusquasquibus

quequorumquibusquequibus

Relative pronouns must agree with their antecedents in gender and number; they take their case from their function in the relative clause

Verb Review

Verbs in Latinfour principle partsthree systems to for tenses

Present system (active)uses the present stemendings -o, -s, -t

-mus, -tis, -nt

Perfect system (active)uses the perfect stemendings -i, -isti, -it

-imus, -istis, -erunt

Periprastic system (active)uses the p.p.p. + a form of the verb sum

Present participles

Present participles are formed by adding –ns, -ntis to the present stem. They are declined similar to third declension 2-stem adjectives

teneo (2) [teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum]

NGDAcAb

masc./fem. neuter masc./fem. neuter

Sing. Plural

tenenstenentistenentitenentemtenenti

tenenstenentistenentitenenstenenti

tenentestenentiumtenentibustenentestenentibus

tenentiatenentiumtenentibustenentiatenentibus

Past and future participles

The perfect passive participle is the 4th principle part of a verb, and is declined like a 1st & 2nd declension adjective

The future participle is formed by incerting –ur- to the p.p.p., and is declined like a 1st & 2nd declension adjective

masc. fem. neuter masc. fem. neuter

Sing. Plural

tentustentitentotentumtento

tentatentaetentaettentamtenta

tentumtentitentotentum tento

tentitentorumtentistentostentis

tentaetentarumtentistentastentis

tentatentorumtentistentatentis

NGDAcAb

teneo (2) [teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum]

Ablative absolute

In Latin a noun or (pronoun) and a participle agreeing with it are often put in the ablative case to indicate the circumstances under which the action of the main verb occurs

Fidelitate facta Johannes admissus est tenens

Prestito juramento dominus absolvit eam

Prestito juramento dominus absolvit eum

Nicolas Bold et Robertus Bydell decenarii presentantThomam Clerke et Henricum Chatcull pro defectu apparantie

Anno Domini 1784•die 18•Februarii

mortuus est Bernardus Dürrhein natus 28•Decembris 1783

filiola josephi Dürrhein sutoris et Annæ Mariæ natæ Weigtin conjugum ac civium Hördensium

et 19 hujius mensis et anni a me infra scripto Parocho in Hörd ad S. Georgium sepultus est in cœmeterio loci

Testor FrancXav Ströhlz p.t. Par. Cur.

Anno Domini 1784 die 18 Februarii mortuus est Bernardus

Durrhein natus 28 Decembris 1783 filiola [sic] josephi Durrhein sutoris et

Annae Mariae natae Weiglin conjugum ac civium Hordensium, et 19 hujus

mensis et anni a me infra scripto Parocho in Hord ad S. Georgium sepultus

est in coemeterio loci. Testor FrancXar Strohlz p. t. Par. Cur.

In the year of our Lord 1784, on the 18th of February, Bernardus Durrhein died; born the 28 of December 1783 the infant son of Joseph Durrhein the shoemaker and of Anna Maria née Weigl married spouses and citizens of Hörd, and on the 19 th of this month and year he was

interred in the local cemetery by me the undersigned priest of Hörd at Saint George. I testify, Francis Xavier Strohlz, parish curate pro tempore

Regina dedit Willelmo terram vocatum Horsehay

Messuagium vocatum Hautassise iacet in Bradeway

Hac carta indentata virgatam terre Ranulpho confirmavimus

Willelmus Normasell sursumreddit in manus domini duo clausa iacentia in parochia que tenuit iure Elizabethe uxoris sue

Noverint universi has litteras visuri vel audituri

Exercise

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