Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of baabtra as a part of mentoring program. This is not official document of baabtra –Mentoring PartnerBaabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring division of baabte System Technologies Pvt . Ltd

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

CLASS• A Class is a way to bind the data and its

associated functions together. • An object is an instance of a class.• Ideas about classes are:– A class can have subclasses that can inherit all or

some of the characteristics of the class.– Subclasses can also define their own methods and

variables that are not part of their superclass.

 ACCESS SPECIFIER

• private -members of a class are accessible only from within other members of the same class

• protected -members are accessible from members of their same class and from members of their derived classes.

• public members are accessible from anywhere where the object is visible

Access Specifier in python• There are only public or private attributes• Private-Anything that starts with two

underscores is private to the class (or module). • Everything else is publicEg:-class Simple(object):

def __init__():self.__x = 0

Declaring a class in pythonclass name: statements

OBJECT• An object that contains information about a

user-defined type

• An object represents an entity in the real world • Distinctly identified• For example, a student, a desk, a circle

• An object has an unique identity, state, and behaviors.– State-properties– Behavior-a set of methods.

Built-In Class Attributes:__dict__ : Dictionary containing the class's namespace.

__doc__ : Class documentation string, or None if undefined.

__name__: Class name.

__module__: Module name in which the class is defined. This attribute is "__main__" in interactive mode.

__bases__ : A possibly empty tuple containing the base classes, in the order of their occurrence in the base class list.

Examplesclass class1 :

name = “Classes in Python”difficulty= “easy”

>> print class1.nameClasses in Python>> print class1.difficultyeasy

>> object1 = class1()>> print object1.nameClasses in python

•Defining Methods/functions in classes

class tutorials :

name = “Classes in Python”

difficulty= “easy”

def printname(self,name) :

print self.name

>> you = tutorials()>> me = tutorials()>> you.printname(“aneesh”)

Output

Classes in Python

Output

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