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Three Goals of the Criminal Justice System

1To control crime by arresting, prosecuting and punishing offenders

2

To prevent crime by harsh punishments that deter crime

3To provide and maintain justice by fairness in that all citizens are equal before the law and that they

are free from arbitrary arrest or seizures as defined by the law

Structure of the Criminal Justice System

1Police

- Local Law EnforcementThey are responsible for the nuts and bolts of police work and arecharged with keeping the peace. They are the bulk of all police in the U.S.A. Examples are the

city, village and town police, as well as the Country Sheriff

- State Law EnforcementExamples are State Police, State University Police, EnvironmentalConservation Police, State Parks Police

- Federal Law Enforcement - Examples are FBI, DEA, Secret Service, ATF, Postal Service2Courts

- State CourtsInclude Local and State Level Trial Courts, Surrogates Court, Court of Claims,Supreme Court, Appellate Division and Court of Appeals.

- Federal CourtsInclude District Courts, Circuit Court of Appeals and the U.S. Supreme Court- Court Room Work GroupIncludes the Judge, Prosecutors and Defenders

3Corrections

- ProbationThe most common correctional treatment which allows a defendant to remain inthe community under supervision

- IncarcerationIn jail for less serious crimes for less than one year, in prison for serious crimesfor more than one year up to life in prison

- Community Based CorrectionsIncludes parole, half houses, residential centers and workrelease programs

3Discretion

- Ability of criminal justice officials to make operational decisions based on judgment instead offormal rules of official information

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The Wedding Cake Model

( Figure 1.5 of Book )

Top Layer:

- Consists of celebrities cases that attract the most attention and publicitySecond Layer:

- Consists of High Profile felony casesThird Layer

- Consists of ordinary felonies such as burglaries, thefts and robberies where no weapon is usedFourth Layer

- Consists of misdemeanors and violations

Crime Control Model

- Places primary emphasis on the right of society to be protected from crime and violent criminals- It values speed and efficiency resulting in lower crime rates and seems to punish and repress

crime

- It assumes the police are in the best position to determine guilt or arrested suspects and judgesshould operate under a presumption of guilt

Due Process Model ( See chart on page 20 )

- Places value on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of government- The state must prove a persons guilt within a process designed to safeguard personal liberties

as enumerated in the Bill of Rights. This process makes it more difficult to prove guilt

- The courts are the primary role of upholding the legal procedures of establishing guilt

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