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NVH Category

NVH Characteristic Frequency (Hz)Steady State Frequency Response

Ride < 5

Shake 5 - 40 !!" #0 - $00 %!an $00 - $50 Structura& !rne N!ise $50 ' 500

ir !rne N!ise 500

Transient Response

Harshness #0 - $00

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Single Degree of Freedom

Control by

Dynamic

Stiffness

Control by

Mass

Control by

Damping

Isolation Region

2*n + *n

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,yna"ic Sti**ness

,yna"ic Sti**ness

(. - " /#) ' C /

.+1 ----------------------------------(. - " /#)#2 (C /)#

Mass M

Damping CStiffness

! " #$ %$f

f is t&e frequency

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'ure Tone

S!und at a sin3&e *requency

S!und ressure

' 6ecti7e "easure"ent d

' 8!3arith"ic !* s!und 9ressure

d'-:ei3hted t! adust *!r ear sensiti7ity

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Human Sensiti(ity

%!re c!nstant acr!ss *requency ran3e

;ith 7e&!city

Hearin3 ran3e #0 ' #000 Hz

,e9ends !n !7era&& &e7e&

S!und at !ne *requency "ay "ask 6y

!ther *requencies ,e9ends !n a3e se= and !ther *act!rs

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Tactile Response

Sub)ecti(e*+b)ecti(e

,cc

eleration

,cc

eleration

FrequencyFrequency

SR " -SR " -

SR " .SR " .

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Tactile Response

Sub)ecti(e*+b)ecti(e /#0

V

elocity

V

elocity

FrequencyFrequency

SR " -SR " -

SR " .SR " .

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S!und ressure 8e7e&

and :ei3htin3

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NVH Classification

9eratin3 C!nditi!n

' >d&e 8!; S9eed Cruisin3 ? :?

Su6ecti7e @7a&uati!n

' Shake !!" N!ise Harshness

6ecti7e %easure"ent

' S!und ressure cce&erati!n

Frequency Ran3e S!urce

' !;ertrain R!ad @=haust

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NVH Su6ecti7e Ratin3

%!st

?ar3etsN! Sa&e

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NVH +b)ecti(es

ssess 7ehic&e res9!nses re&ati7e t!

desi3n tar3ets

'?acti&e res9!nses

Seat track

Steerin3 c!&u"n

?!e 9an

'c!ustic res9!nses ,ri7erAs ear

Fr!nt assen3erAs ear

Rear 9assen3erAs ear

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S&a1e

5 ' 40 Hz

>d&e Shake

>s!&ated R!ad Shake R!u3h R!ad Shake

S"!!th R!ad Shake

' :hee&B?ire >"6a&ance' ?ire F!rce Variati!n

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Design For S&a1e

!dy 7ertica& &atera& 6endin3 and t!rsi!n"!des

Fr!nt end 6endin3 and t!rsi!n "!des

Fr!nt *&!!r "!des

Steerin3 c!&u"n "!des

Seat "!des

7!id stickiness !* the sh!ck and CV !intsthat causes hi3h *!rce in9ut and res!nancein s"!!th r!ad shake

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Design For S&a1e /#0

%!de se9arati!n and "!de sha9e

"ana3e"ent !* en3ine 6!unce r!&& 9itch

and ya; ri3id 6!dy "!des

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2oom

#0 - $00 Hz

>d&e !!"

>s!&ated R!ad !!" R!u3h R!ad !!"

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2ody Design for 2oom

$stand #nd*!re-a*t ac!ustic "!des

!dy $stand #nd!rder 7ertica& 6endin3

Fr!nt *&!!r 7ertica& 6endin3 ,ash 9ane& *!re-a*t 6endin3

uarter 9ane& 6endin3

Fue& tank 6!unce S9are tire tu6 6!unce

,eck&id &i*t3ate !r &!;er 6ack 9ane& 9u"9in3

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Structural 2orne Noise

$00 - 500 Hz

!;ertrain N!ise

R!u3h R!ad N!ise Dear :hine

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Design For Noise

Most of t&e (ibration energy imparted to t&e (e&icle

is belo3 4.5 H67

2elo3 4.5 H68

'!dy structure is i"9!rtant *!r c!ntr!&&in3 n!ise and7i6rati!n

' 8ack !* structure usua&&y resu&ts in c!st&y desi3n and

t!!&in3 chan3es

,bo(e 4.5 H68' Can 6e res!&7ed ;ith re&ati7e&y si"9&e structure

"!di*icati!ns such as 6ead 9atterns !r da"9in3

treat"entsE

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Design For Noise /#0

'o3ertrain 2ending Isolation

'o3ertrain 2rac1et Isolation

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

CHASSIS/POWERTRAIN MODES

Ride Modes

Powertrain Modes

Suspension Hop and Tramp Modes

Suspension Longitudinal Modes

Exaust Modes

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

BODY/ACOUSTIC MODES

!od" #irst !ending $22H%&!od" #irst Torsion $25H%& Steering 'olumn #irst (erti)al !ending $2*H%&

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

EXCITATION SOURCES

+nerent Ex)itations $,eneral Road Spe)trum- Re)ipro)ating .n/alan)e- ,as Torue- et)&

Pro)ess (ariation Ex)itations $Engine- rieline- ))essor"- eel6Tire .n/alan)es&

#irst 7rder eel6Tire .n/alan)e $5895MPH&

(: +dle $5008550RPM&

Hot 'old

H%

H%

H%

#irst #6 )ousti) Modes $4:H%&

Modal C&art

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2ody*in*9&ite Targets

Static Sti**ness

' endin3

' ?!rsi!n

N!r"a& %!des

' Vertica& 6endin3

' ?!rsi!n

' 8atera& 6endin3

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Trimmed 2ody Targets

N!r"a& %!des

' Vertica& 6endin3

' ?!rsi!n

' 8atera& 6endin3

' Fr!nt end 6endin3

' Fr!nt end t!rsi!n

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Instrument 'anel:Column

Targets

N!r"a& %!des

' Vertica& 6endin3

' 8atera& 6endin3

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Seat Targets

N!r"a& %!des

' n ed9&ate

F!re a*t

8atera&

' >n Vehic&e

F!re a*t

8atera&

,i**erent r!; "ay ha7e di**erent tar3et

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Idle ;oad

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recipreciprecip amF ;=

borecrankboregas APPF ;&$ =

tan;;&$ hFFTrecipgastotal

+=

r

P/ore

P)ran

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)os)os rLh +=

2sin1)os = LL

)ossin1 2 rLh +=

2sin1)os =

L

r

sinsin =

r

P/ore

P)ran

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dt

duvw

dt

dvuw

dt

dwuv

dt

duvw

dt

dv

dt

du

dt

vud

dt

dunu

dt

du

dt

d

dt

d

dt

d

dt

d

n

n

++=

=

=

=

=

&$

sin)os

)ossin

1

r

P/ore

P)ran

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+=

=

+==

222

222

2

sin

sin)os

sin

sinsin)ossin

&)os)os$

rL

rr

rL

rrdtd

rLdt

d

dt

dhv

r

P/ore

P)ran

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=

+==

23

222

224

222

22

222

&sin$

sin)os

sin

2)os)os

&sin

sin)os

$sin&$

rL

r

rL

rr

rL

r

dt

dr

dt

dva

r

P/ore

P)ran

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Smoot& Road S&a1e

9& l:Ti I b l

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9&eel:Tire Imbalance

Definition Si"u&ati!n

' Shake caused 6y the un6a&anced inertia *!rces *r!" the

hi3h s9eed r!tati!n !* the un6a&anced ;hee& in 7ehic&e

cruisin3

8!ad

' $E0 !z-inch (Sensiti7ity) un6a&anced *!rce at the s9ind&es

' !th 7ertica& and *!re-a*t &!ads ;ith 7ertica& &!ad trai&in3

*!re-a*t &!ad 6y 0 de3rees

99&icati!ns

' Fr!nt ;hee& in-9hase Fr!nt ;hee& !ut-!*-9hase Rear ;hee&in-9hase and Rear ;hee& !ut-!*-9hase

9& l:Ti I b l

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9&eel:Tire Imbalance

Calculation

F 1 "r#

' F is i"6a&ance F!rce (N)

' " is i"6a&ance "ass (%3)

' r is i"6a&ance radius ("") is r!tati!n s9eed (radBsec)

F 1 $E0 !z-in 1 $E0 + #GE + $0-I(%3B!z) + #5E4

(""Binch) + 4 + #+ *# 1 0E0#G4 + *# (N)

' * is *requency (cyc&esBsec)

9& l:Ti I b l

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9&eel:Tire Imbalance

Speed Map

?he ;hee&Btire s9eed "a9 (*requency 7EsE

7ehic&e s9eed) is de9endent !n the ;hee&Btire

size the ;hee&Btire sti**ness and the 9ay&!ad

V 1 # + J + ?ire @**ecti7e Radius + Frequency H!;e7er the FrequencyBVehic&e S9eed(%H) is

ty9ica&&y ar!und 0E#

ased !n the a6!7e assu"9ti!n the *requencyran3e !* interest *r!" #5 %H t! $#5 %H is

' 5 Hz t! #5 Hz

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Tire Force Variation Definition

Si"u&ati!n

' Shake caused 6y the 7ariati!n !* the radia& sti**ness !*

the tires

8!ad' $E0 &6*(Sensiti7ity) 7ariati!n *!rce at the s9ind&es

' Vertica& &!ad !n&y

99&icati!ns

' Fr!nt ;hee& in-9hase Fr!nt ;hee& !ut-!*-9hase Rear

;hee& in-9hase and Rear ;hee& !ut-!*-9hase

Tire Force Variation

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Tire Force Variation

Speed Map

?he ;hee&Btire s9eed "a9 (*requency 7EsE7ehic&e s9eed) is de9endent !n the ;hee&Btiresize the ;hee&Btire sti**ness and the 9ay&!ad

V 1 # + J + ?ire @**ecti7e Radius + Frequency H!;e7er the FrequencyBVehic&e S9eed(%H) isty9ica&&y ar!und 0E#

ased !n the a6!7e assu"9ti!n the *requency

ran3es !* interest *r!" #5 %H t! $#5 %H are' First rder 5 Hz t! #5 Hz

' Sec!nd rder $0 Hz t! 50 Hz

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Roug& Road Noise

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Spatial 'SD Road 'rofile

S9atia& Frequency ( Cyc&es B "")

' :a7e nu"6er

' $ B ;a7e&en3th

S, "9&itude (""K# B (cyc&es B ""))

!;er Re3ressi!n na&ysis (L 1 $EMGM# + *57-