Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A: The Citizen and the State.
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Transcript of Claremont Graduate University Trans 401A: The Citizen and the State.
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:
The Citizen and the State
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Exercise
• Are there mechanisms (e.g., laws, policies, organizations), real or conceived, that could serve as a means to creating global justice?
• Exercise: draw up a list of 10 such mechanisms and bring to class for discussion.
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship List generated in class (please add what I
couldn’t remember, or new ones)• World government• International constitution/laws• World court• Restructure United Nations to include a working security council (with
teeth?)• Integrated emergency response system (monitoring stations for national
disasters and infrastructure to transmit that info quickly)• Tighter regulations on Non-profits so more $$ goes to causes• Better incentives and punishment to individuals in cases of human rights
violations• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) see:
www.unctad.org • “free” access to and exchange of info by various media e.g., internet • Audit body to monitor international trade and exchange
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Classical Conceptions: Aristotle
“Man is by nature a political animal”
“For the real difference between democracy and oligarchy is poverty and wealth. Wherever men rule by reason of their wealth, whether they be few or many, that is an oligarchy, and where the poor rule, that is a democracy.”
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Machiavelli
Conception of the citizen-soldier
“Security for man is impossible unless it be conjoined with power.”
--Discourses
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship Hobbes
State of Nature: without government, our “natural” state is a state of war
Social Contract Theory: When people mutually covenant each to the others to obey a common authority, they have established what Hobbes calls “sovereignty by institution”.
-- Leviathan (1660)
LockeState of Nature: our “natural” state is happy and characterized by reason and tolerance; government should guard natural justice.
Inalienable Rights: all men are created equal and have the right to life, liberty, property and the pursuit of happiness.
--Second Treatise on Government (1690)
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Paine
“Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one…”
--Common Sense
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Kant
Concept of the world citizen in “Perpetual Peace,” 1795
“Since the narrower or wider community of the peoples of the earth has developed so far that a violation of rights in one place is felt throughout the world, the idea of a law of world citizenship is no high-flown or exaggerated notion. It is a supplement to the unwritten code of the civil and international law, indispensable for the maintenance of the public human rights and hence also of perpetual peace.”
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
The Modern Citizen
Citizenship as Rights-based versus
Citizenship as Obligation-based
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Poster by The Committee to Defend the Panther 21 Power to the People, 1970photographic silkscreen102.9 x 74.9 cm (40 1/2 x 29 1/2 in.)National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
“Citizenship is “a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community. All who possess the status are equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is endowed.”
– T.H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class (1950) (a seminal text in British
sociology)
T. H. Marshall
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship T. H. Marshall
The civil element is composed of the rights necessary for individual freedom---liberty of the person, freedom of speech, thought and faith, the right to own property and to conclude valid contracts and the right to justice. The last is of a different order than the others, because it is the right to defend and assert all one’s rights on terms of equality with others and by due process of law…By the political element I mean the right to participate in the exercise of political power, as a member of a body invested with the political authority or as an elector of the embers of such a body…By the social element I mean the whole range from the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share the full social heritage and live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in the society.
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Short Theory PaperDue Date and Time: At the beginning of class (week 4),
Wednesday, Feb. 10th Page Limit and Format: There is a page limit of 4-6
pages. Expectations for Writing a Good Essay1. Have a problem, issue, or question to guide your
reflections2. Organize your essay. Have a thesis statement and
argumentative structure.3. Raise potential objections to your considerations4. Write with clarity and concision.5. Draw on themes or issues of citizenship, capital, poverty,
or ethics (justice)
Claremont Graduate University
Trans 401A:Citizenship
Weeks 3 & 4
Yi Feng: Patterns and Disparities of Economic & Political Development