CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics - che.iitb.ac.in · Processing rates (volumetric ﬂow ......

CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics

P Sunthar

Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Mumbai 400076, [email protected]

03 Jan 2011

[email protected]

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course

Outline of the Lecture

1 Chemical Engineering

2 Fluid Mechanics

3 CL 254 Course

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 2 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Outline of this Section

1 Chemical EngineeringNatureChemical ProcessUnit Operations

2 Fluid Mechanics

3 CL 254 Course



Product vs Service

Sensory appealDefining products of a disciplinePersonal attachment



Chemical Industry is Service Oriented

Service orientedProvides raw materials in bulkIntellectually challenging

Complex systemSeveral non-linear interactingsystems



Major Chemicals

Sulphuric Acid (140 plants, 12 Million tonnes/Annum)Ammonia, Urea (20 Million tpa), Nitric AcidSodium HydroxidePetroleum Products: Fuels, Ethylene, GreasesPharmaceuticals



The Chemical Process

Production of Bulk materials from raw materialsFeed Preparation (Purification, Heating, Compression)Transformation (Reaction)Separation

End ProductsBy-productsUnreacted reagents

The GoalEnergy EfficientEconomicalEnvironmental effects Minimised (Wasteless)



The Challenge

Food security: Food production through non-biologicalroutes?

From Minerals to food products

Energy security: Non-petroleum sources of energy.Pollution of biosphere.



Sulphuric Acid Process



Unit Operations

Momentum Transfer (Fluid Mechanics)Mass Transfer (Purification, Separation)Heat Transfer (State Changes)Chemical Reaction



Feed Preparation Operations

Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor

http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au





http://www.lhwinc.com/

http://thermgard.com.au





http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au



Reaction Operations

Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor



Separation Operations

DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction


Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics



2 Fluid MechanicsMechanicsEnergetics

3 CL 254 Course



Mechanics of Fluids

Velocities (Kinematics)Forces (Dynamics)Energy



Discrete and Continuous

Discrete particle MechanicsMechanics of continuous medium

Solid MechanicsFluid Mechanics

New Terms in Fluid MechanicsDensityViscosityElasticityNon-linear behaviour (Oils, Honey)Time dependent behaviour (Tooth-Pastes)



Fluid Mechanics and Plant Design

Forces (pressures) by fluid on EquipmentMechanical design of EquipmentProcessing rates (volumetric flow rates)

Energy for transport fluids or mixingPower consumptionEfficiency of operation



Challenges in Fluid Mechanics

Simple Equations but difficult solutionDifficulty posed by Geometry of EquipmentSpatial Variation of propertiesUnknown behaviour of properties (turbulence,Non-Newtonian)

Simplification by Mathematical modelsSimple physical modelsRequires good physical insight


Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance



2 Fluid Mechanics

3 CL 254 CourseLecturesAssessmentAttendance



Lectures: Fundamentals to Plant Design

About 10 industrial operationsChosen from Sulphuric Acid, Methanol, and Urea PlantsPipe flows and PumpingCompressorsReactorsSeparation Equipments

Connection with fundamentalsSimplificationsExactly solvable problemsApproximate solutions to full problems



Assessment

AssignmentsOnlineProblems with answers for practice5% of total marks

Quizzes10 short (15 min) quizzes20% of total

Mid-sem: 25%End-sem: 50%



Attendance

No XX GradeAttendance will be recorded everyday: by YouPass sheet in a Zig-Zag manner; be truthful.If you miss, meet me after class

Room 222, First Floor. Ph: 7229


CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics - che.iitb.ac.in · Processing rates (volumetric ﬂow ......

Documents

Transcript of CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics - che.iitb.ac.in · Processing rates (volumetric ﬂow ......