c.kaup@umwelt-campus · heating and cooling devices of 13.893 units supply units 13,3 % exhaust...
Transcript of c.kaup@umwelt-campus · heating and cooling devices of 13.893 units supply units 13,3 % exhaust...
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Study of energy efficiency in air handling unitsHeat recovery and electric power efficiencies in AHU´s
Dr.-Ing. Christoph [email protected]
distribution of air flow rates
Markterhebung 2© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 2
Air flow distribution
0,00%
1,00%
2,00%
3,00%
4,00%
5,00%
6,00%
7,00%
8,00%
9,00%
10,00%
130.
000
110.
000
90.0
00
70.0
00
50.0
00
40.0
00
30.0
00
25.0
00
20.0
00
18.0
00
16.0
00
14.0
00
12.0
00
10.0
00
8.00
0
6.00
0
4.00
0
2.00
0
1.00
0
500
Air flow in m³/h
Air
flow
as
%
Study 1 Study 2
heating and cooling devices of 13.893 units
supply units 13,3 %
exhaust units 5,8 %
combined units 80,9 %
heating devices installed (11.083 units) 79,8 %
cooling devices installed (5.630 units) 40,5 %
average heating capacity 96,3 KW
average cooling capacity 88,9 KW
energy devices
Markterhebung 3© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 3
pressure losses
Markterhebung 4© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 4
average external pressure loss supply air 587 Pa
External pressure - flow rate distribution
y = 74,9Ln(x) - 90,517
0200400600800
1.0001.2001.4001.6001.8002.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
Pres
sure
in P
a
External pressure to supply air flow rateLogarithmic (External pressure to supply air flow rate)
pressure losses
Markterhebung 5© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 5
average external pressure loss exhaust air 544 Pa
External pressure - flow rate distribution
y = 49,564Ln(x) + 74,601
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
1.200
1.400
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
Pres
sure
in P
a
External pressure to exhaust air flow rateLogarithmic (External pressure to exhaust air flow rate)
pressure losses
Markterhebung 6© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 6
average supply air total pressure 1.115 Pa
Total pressure - flow rate distribution
y = 149,26Ln(x) - 235,56
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
Pres
sure
in P
a
Total pressure to supply air flow rateLogarithmic (Total pressure to supply air flow rate)
pressure losses
Markterhebung 7© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 7
average exhaust air total pressure 902 Pa
Total pressure - flow rate distribution
y = 130,94Ln(x) - 35,585
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
Pres
sure
in P
a
Total pressure to exhaust air flow rateLogarithmic (Total pressure to exhaust air low rate)
efficiencies
Markterhebung 8© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 8
average fan efficiency supply air 0,692 with Ps = 6,18 KW
Fan efficiency - flow rate distribution
y = 0,9723Ln(x) + 60,515
0102030405060708090
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
η as
%
Fan efficiency to supply air flow rateLogarithmic (Fan efficiency to supply air flow rate)
efficiencies
Markterhebung 9© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 9
average fan efficiency exhaust air 0,693 with Ps = 4,84 KW
Fan efficiency - flow rate distribution
y = 1,4537Ln(x) + 56,114
010203040
5060708090
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
η as
%
Fan efficiency to exhaust air flow rateLogarithmic (Fan efficiency to exhaust air flow rate)
efficiencies
Markterhebung 10© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 10
average system efficiency supply air 0,545 with Pm = 7,30 KW
System efficiency - flow rate distribution
y = 4,2626Ln(x) + 15,774
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
η as
%
System efficiency to supply air flow rateLogarithmic (System efficiency to supply air flow rate)
efficiencies
Markterhebung 11© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 11
average system efficiency exhaust air 0,538 mit Pm = 5,75 KW
System efficiency - flow rate distribution
y = 4,6099Ln(x) + 12,736
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Flow rate in m³/h
η as
%
System efficiency to exhaust air flow rateLogarithmic (System efficiency to exhaust air flow rate)
specific fan power
Markterhebung 12© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 12
average supply air SFP 1.916 W/(m³/s)
SFP - flow rate distributiony = 2042,8e-5E-06x
0500
1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5005.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Air flow in m³/h
SFP
in W
/(m³/s
)
SFP-values to supply air flow rateExponential (SFP-values to supply air flow rate)
specific fan power
Markterhebung 13© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 13
average supply air SFP 1.799 W/(m³/s) (without add. SFP-values)
SFP - flow rate distribution
y = 1819,1e-6E-06x
0500
1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5005.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Air flow in m³/h
SFP
in W
/(m³/s
)
SFP-values to supply air flow rateExponetial (SFP-values to supply air flow rate)
specific fan power
Markterhebung 14© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 14
average exhaust air SFP 1.571 W/(m³/s)
SFP - flow rate distributiony = 1517,5e7E-08x
0500
1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5005.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Air flow in m³/h
SFP
in W
/(m³/s
)
SFP-values to exhaust air flow rateExponential (SFP-values to exhaust air flow rate)
specific fan power
Markterhebung 15© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 15
average ehaust air SFP 1.512 W/(m³/s) (without add. SFP-values)
SFP - flow rate distribution
y = 1454e-4E-07x
0500
1.0001.5002.0002.5003.0003.5004.0004.5005.000
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Air flow in m³/h
SFP
in W
/(m³/s
)
SFP-values to exhaust air flow rateExponetial (SFP-values to exhaust air flow rate)
specific fan power
Markterhebung 16© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 16
Average SFP-values
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
SFP
in W
/(m³/s
)
Supply Exhaust
heatrecovery
Markterhebung 17© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 17
average transfer efficiency 0,624 at a 52,4 % use of HR
Transfer efficiency - Flow rate distribution
y = 1,2874Ln(x) + 48,249
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Air flow in m³/h
Tran
sfer
effi
cien
cy a
s %
Transfer efficiency to air flow rateLogarithmic (Transfer efficiency to air flow rate)
h
heatrecovery
Markterhebung 18© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 18
average HR pressure loss 168 Pa (supply) and 177 Pa (exhaust)
HR dP - Flow rate distribution
y = 22,602Ln(x) - 42,783
0
100
200
300
400
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Air flow in m³/h
dP in
Pa
HR pressure loss to air flow rateLogarithmic (HR pressure loss to air low rate)
heatrecovery development
Markterhebung 19© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 19
average transfer efficiency 0,624 (UCB) and 0,628 (Hoval 2009)
Distribution of heat recovery transfer efficiency
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 > 80,0
HR transfer efficiency
Tran
sfer
effi
cien
cy a
s a
%
Environmental Campus study Hoval AG Survey
heatrecovery development
Markterhebung 20© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 20
Average HR transfer efficiency
5052
54565860
626466
6870
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Years
Tran
sfer
effi
cien
cy a
s %
Average HR transfer efficiency
50,0
55,0
60,0
65,0
70,0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
20,0%
25,0%
30,0%
35,0%
40,0%
45,0%
50,0%
55,0%
60,0%
65,0%
70,0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
heatrecovery development
Markterhebung 21© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 21
The use of heatrecovery
heatrecovery development
Markterhebung 22© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 22
Average HR pressure loss
100
120
140
160
180
200
2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Years
Pres
sure
loss
in P
a
Average pressure loss
100
120
140
160
180
200
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
heatrecovery
Markterhebung 23© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 23
Transfer efficiency - pressure drop distribution
y = 0,0012x3 - 0,1586x2 + 7,8077x
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Transfer level in %
Pres
sure
dro
p in
Pa
Transfer efficiency to air flow rate
Polynomic (Transfer efficiency to air flow rate)
market datas RLT (survey RLT)
31,111.10843.75927,288,1323,82006
36,712.87343.21727,4101,9373,6∅
45,515.56942.23625,8111,3431,42008
33,411.94143.65629,1106,2365,52007
HR%
withHR
UnitsExport%
ExportMio.€
Turn-overMio.€
Year
general market values
Markterhebung 24© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 24
market datas RLT (survey RLT)
45,515.56942.23625,8111,3431,42008
55,316.83637.39625,9101,9400,4∅
67,019.79136.47626,4103,2390,42010
55,115.14833.47625,596,6379,42009
HR%
withHR
UnitsExport%
ExportMio.€
Turn-overMio.€
Year
general market values
Markterhebung 25© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 25
market datas RLT (survey RLT)
turnover of association 400,4 Mio. €
additional turnovers 167,6 Mio. €
total 568,0 Mio. €
ratio RLT 70,5 %(acc. Dissertation Dr. Beck 2000 University Kassel 70 %)
general market values
Markterhebung 26© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 26
market datas RLT
possible Units (AHU) with heatrecovery 80,5 %(Study Dr. Kaup 2009 UCB university of applied science Trier)
average overall ratio HR (RLT ∅ 08 bis 10) 44,5 %
Possible ratio HR 55,3 %
strong positiv development2010 ratio 55,1 % in total or (possible units) 67,0 %
heatrecovery
Markterhebung 27© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 27
Statistik Wärmerückgewinnungair flow rate distribution
Markterhebung 28© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 28
Distribution of air flow rates AHU
0,00%
2,00%
4,00%
6,00%
8,00%
10,00%
12,00%
130.
000
110.
000
90.0
00
70.0
00
50.0
00
40.0
00
30.0
00
25.0
00
20.0
00
18.0
00
16.0
00
14.0
00
12.0
00
10.0
00
8.00
0
6.00
0
4.00
0
2.00
0
1.00
0
500
air flow rates in m³/h
Air
flow
rate
s as
%
Manufacturer A Amnufacturer B
Statistik Wärmerückgewinnungair flow rate distribution
Markterhebung 29© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 29
Average distribution of air flow rates AHU
0,00%
1,00%
2,00%
3,00%
4,00%
5,00%
6,00%
7,00%
8,00%
9,00%
10,00%
130.
000
110.
000
90.0
00
70.0
00
50.0
00
40.0
00
30.0
00
25.0
00
20.0
00
18.0
00
16.0
00
14.0
00
12.0
00
10.0
00
8.00
0
6.00
0
4.00
0
2.00
0
1.00
0
500
Air flow rates in m³/h
Air
flow
rate
s as
%
Distribution of air flow rates AHU
y = 2E-06x4 - 0,0001x3 + 0,0028x2 - 0,0151x + 0,0201
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
90,00%
100,00%
150.
000
130.
000
110.
000
90.0
00
70.0
00
50.0
00
40.0
00
30.0
00
25.0
00
20.0
00
18.0
00
16.0
00
14.0
00
12.0
00
10.0
00
8.00
0
6.00
0
4.00
0
2.00
0
1.00
0
Air flow rates in m³/h
Dis
trib
utio
n as
%
Air flow rates (Distribution summ) Polynomic air flow distribution
EnEV
= 7.500 m³/h∅
Statistik Wärmerückgewinnungair flow rate distribution
Markterhebung 30© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 30
heat energies
specific energy for heating (24 h/d) 31,33 kWh/(m³/h)/a(Disseration Dr. Beck 2000 University Kassel)
operating time (average) 2.350 h(Disseration Dr. Beck 2000 University Kassel)
specific energy for heating at 2.350 h 8,4 kWh/(m³/h)/a
lifetime of the units 20,0 years
rated lifetime (base interest 2 %) 13,4 years(1 % new units [38.000 in ´97 to 43.200 in ´09] + 1 % waste rate)
energy consumption of heating
Markterhebung 31© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 31
energy consumption of heating
Markterhebung 32© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 32
Distribution of energy for heating
y = 4E-09x6 - 5E-07x5 + 2E-05x4 - 0,0004x3 + 0,0031x2 - 0,002x + 0,0045
0,00%
1,00%
2,00%
3,00%
4,00%
5,00%
6,00%
7,00%13
5.00
0
115.
000
95.0
00
75.0
00
55.0
00
42.5
00
32.5
00
26.7
50
21.2
50
18.5
00
16.5
00
14.5
00
12.5
00
10.5
00
8.50
0
6.50
0
4.50
0
2.50
0
875
Air flow rates in m³/h
Dis
trib
utio
n as
%
Distribution of energy for heating Polynomic (Distribution of enery for heating)
Summ of energy for heating
y = 3E-07x5 - 3E-05x4 + 0,0009x3 - 0,0108x2 + 0,0061x + 0,9451
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
40,0%
50,0%
60,0%
70,0%
80,0%
90,0%
100,0%
105.
000
85.0
00
65.0
00
47.5
00
37.5
00
28.7
50
23.7
50
19.5
00
17.5
00
15.5
00
13.5
00
11.5
00
9.50
0
7.50
0
5.50
0
3.50
0
1.50
0
air flow rates in m³/h
Dis
trib
utio
n as
%
Distribution of energy for heating Polynomic (Distribution of energy for heating)
EnEV
= 28.750 m³/h∅
energy consumption of heating
Markterhebung 33© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 33
energy saving potential in Germany 2010
AHU´s 53.043 units
airflow 2010 (without export) 562,5 Mio. m³/h
heat energy demand 4.724.806 MWh/a
HR-ratio 54,3 %
efficiency 67,2 %
HR potential 1.722.716 MWh/a
CO2 Saving 566.774 to/a
installed electric power 492.633 KW/a
Markterhebung 34© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 34
AHU general market values
energy linked to the Gross domestic product
electroenergy demand in germany 492.633 kW/a
GDP Germany 3.667,5 Bil. $
value = 492.633 / 3.667,5 • GDP
Markterhebung 35© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 35
AHU general market values
Markterhebung 36© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 36
AHU electric power demand EU
7.3840,3%54,970,1%493.300Luxembourg6.3540,3%47,300,7%3.354.700Lithuania4.5740,2%34,050,5%2.261.294Latvia
310.81012,6%2.313,8912,1%60.245.846Italy36.7151,5%273,330,9%4.239.848Irland
359.19314,5%2.674,0912,3%61.113.205Great Britain48.0271,9%357,552,2%11.141.740Greece
384.93515,6%2.865,7312,6%62.793.432France36.8021,5%273,981,1%5.326.314Finland3.1200,1%23,230,3%1.342.000Estonia
492.63319,9%3.667,5116,4%81.882.342Germany 46.0641,9%342,931,1%5.475.791Denmark6.9830,3%51,991,5%7.606.551Bulgaria
68.0202,8%506,392,1%10.666.860BelgiumkW/aBil. $
demandGDPpopulationbase 2008
Markterhebung 37© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 37
AHU electric power demand EU
2.470.561100,0%18.392,61100,0%498.371.164sum
3.1500,1%23,450,2%950.000Cyprus20.9920,8%156,282,0%10.020.000Hungary29.1591,2%217,082,1%10.501.197Czechia
216.4998,8%1.611,779,4%46.661.950Spain7.3390,3%54,640,4%2.019.614Slovenia
12.8140,5%95,401,1%5.455.407Slowakia65.0862,6%484,551,9%9.269.986Sweden
26.8201,1%199,674,3%21.498.616Romania32.8411,3%244,492,1%10.617.575Portugal70.6192,9%525,747,7%38.153.389Poland55.7872,3%415,321,7%8.376.761Austria
116.7194,7%868,943,3%16.493.156Netherlands1.1200,0%8,340,1%410.290MaltakW/aBil. $
demandGDPpopulationbase 2008
AHU saving potential in europe 2011
electroenergy demand 77,80 TWh/abase Lifetime 13,4 a and 2.350 h/a
CO2 equivalent 42,09 Mil.to/aBase 541 g/kWh Mix.
saving potential 15,56 TWh/aBase 20 % increase of efficiency
CO2 saving 8,42 Mil.to/a
Markterhebung 38© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 38
AHU general market values EU
units linked to the gross domestic product
AHUs in germany 53.043 units
GDP Germany 3.667,5 Bil. $
value = 53.043 / 3.667,5 • GDP
link to population
value = 53.043 / 81.882.342 • P
Markterhebung 39© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 39
AHU general market values
Markterhebung 40© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 40
AHU market EU
7950,3%54,970,1%493.300Luxembourg6840,3%47,300,7%3.354.700Lithuania4920,2%34,050,5%2.261.294Latvia
33.46612,6%2.313,8912,1%60.245.846Italy3.9531,5%273,330,9%4.239.848Irland
38.67514,5%2.674,0912,3%61.113.205Great Britain5.1711,9%357,552,2%11.141.740Greece
41.44715,6%2.865,7312,6%62.793.432France3.9631,5%273,981,1%5.326.314Finland
3360,1%23,230,3%1.342.000Estonia53.04319,9%3.667,5116,4%81.882.342Germany 4.9601,9%342,931,1%5.475.791Denmark
7520,3%51,991,5%7.606.551Bulgaria7.3242,8%506,392,1%10.666.860Belgium
Bil. $unitsGDPpopulationbase 2008
Markterhebung 41© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 41
AHU market EU
266.011100,0%18.392,61100,0%498.371.164sum
3390,1%23,450,2%950.000Cyprus2.2600,8%156,282,0%10.020.000Hungary3.1401,2%217,082,1%10.501.197Czechia
23.3118,8%1.611,779,4%46.661.950Spain7900,3%54,640,4%2.019.614Slovenia
1.3800,5%95,401,1%5.455.407Slowakia7.0082,6%484,551,9%9.269.986Sweden
2.8881,1%199,674,3%21.498.616Romania3.5361,3%244,492,1%10.617.575Portugal7.6042,9%525,747,7%38.153.389Poland6.0072,3%415,321,7%8.376.761Austria
12.5674,7%868,943,3%16.493.156Netherlands1210,0%8,340,1%410.290Malta
Bil. $unitsGDPpopulationbase 2008
AHU market 2011
number of production 266.011 units
+34,8 % CHRV units 356.455 units
AHU´s + CHRV´s 320.000 unitsbase Lot 6 / Task 2
check (link to population) 322.843 Units (AHU)
435.192 Units (incl. CHRV)
Markterhebung 42© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 42
AHU general market values EU
AHU market 2011
Markterhebung 43© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 43
AHU general market values EU
source: Lot 6 / Task 2
energy linked to the gross domestic product
thermal energy saving in germany 1.722.716 MWh/a
GDP Germany 3.667,5 Bil $
average temp. in Germany 9,0 °C
heatrecovery use • efficiency 36,4 %
nominal supply temperature 21,0 °C
heatrecovery value (U) = 36,4 % / (21 – 9) • (21 – T)
energy = 1.722.716 / 3.667,5 / 36,4 • U
• GDP / (21 – 9) • (21 – T)
Markterhebung 44© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 44
AHU general market values
Markterhebung 45© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 45
AHU heat consumption EU
25.82170.8179,036,454,97Luxembourg32.44073.6316,544,047,30Lithuania26.34156.2955,646,734,05Latvia
318.8961.614.68414,519,72.313,89Italy107.883322.78410,033,4273,33Irland
1.055.4593.157.91310,033,42.674,09Great Britain10.497115.15718,09,1357,55Greece
934.7923.076.56911,030,32.865,73France228.791470.6205,048,5273,98Finland
20.63041.1504,550,123,23Estonia1.722.7164.724.8069,036,43.667,51Germany
189.048478.6088,039,4342,93Denmark18.69758.60610,531,951,99Bulgaria
199.871598.01110,033,4506,39BelgiumMWh/aMWh/a°C%Bil. $target 21°C
HRheataverageHR (U)GDPbase 2008
Markterhebung 46© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 46
6.572.61419.742.78110,933,218.392,61sum
0021,00,023,45Cyprus65.094189.5899,734,3156,28Hungary
121.518305.2977,939,7217,08Czechia84.121692.14117,012,11.611,77Spain21.17663.93910,133,154,64Slovenia61.868144.4116,942,895,40Slowakia
288.062702.2697,541,0484,55Sweden86.137246.5149,534,9199,67Romania12.760104.99117,012,1244,49Portugal
385.863846.6306,045,5525,74Poland179.167512.7589,534,9415,32Austria374.8571.0772.8019,534,9868,94Netherlands
1091.79119,06,18,34MaltaMWh/aMWh/a°C%Bil. $target 21 °C
HRheataverageHR (U)GDPbase 2008
AHU heat consumption EU
AHU saving potential in europe 2011
heating demand 19.724.781MWh/a
heatrecovery 6.572.614MWh/a
CO2 saving 2.162.195 to/abase 329 kg/MWh
electroenergy demand 2.470.561 KW/a
Markterhebung 47© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 47
AHU general market values EU
AHU saving potential in europe 2011
heating demand during lifetime 264,55 TWh/abase Lifetime 13,4 a and 2.350 h/a
heatrecovery 88,00 TWh/astate of the art 2010
CO2 saving equivalent 28,98 Mil.to/abase 329 kg/MWh
average heatrecovery 53,28 TWh/a0,58 average efficiency and 47 % use
max. potential heatrecovery 146,62 TWh/abase 0,75 efficiency and 81 % balanced units
Markterhebung 48© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 48
AHU general market values EU
energy linked to the gross domestic product
colth energy saving in germany 111.273 MWh/a
GDP Germany 3.667,5 Bil. $
average temp. in Germany 9,0 °C
nominal ODA temperature for cooling 25,0 °C
cooling factor relativ to germany f = (25 – 9) / (25 – T)
energy demand = 111.273 / 3.667,5 • GDP • f(sensible capacity without dehumification)
energy recovery = energy • U
Markterhebung 49© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 49
AHU general market values EU
Markterhebung 50© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 50
AHU colth consumption EU
1.6684.5821,0036,454,97Luxembourg1.5003.4100,8644,047,30Lithuania1.0932.3410,8246,734,05Latvia
57.946293.8931,5219,72.313,89Italy8.10924.3011,0733,4273,33Irland
79.329237.7501,0733,42.674,09Great Britain6.19968.1202,299,1357,55Greece
82.806272.9881,1430,32.865,73France8.86718.2690,8048,5273,98Finland
7561.5110,7850,123,23Estonia111.273305.6941,0036,43.667,51Germany
10.60926.9020,9439,4342,93Denmark1.5234.7821,1031,951,99Bulgaria
15.02345.0221,0733,4506,39BelgiumMWh/aMWh/afactor%Bil. $target 16 °C / 25 °C
HRcolthcollingHR (U)GDPbase 2008
Markterhebung 51© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 51
516.8281.872.66233,218.392,61sum
07.8184,000,023,45Cyprus4.66913.6221,0534,3156,28Hungary6.72716.9300,9439,7217,08Czechia
32.601268.6882,0012,11.611,77Spain1.6174.8911,0733,154,64Slovenia3.0067.0290,8842,895,40Slowakia
15.12136.9260,9141,0484,55Sweden5.99317.1801,0334,9199,67Romania4.94540.7572,0012,1244,49Portugal
16.79136.9020,8445,5525,74Poland12.46535.7341,0334,9415,32Austria26.08074.7641,0334,9868,94Netherlands
1121.8542,676,18,34MaltaMWh/aMWh/afactor%Bil. $target 16 °C / 25 °C
HRcolthcoolingHR (U)GDPbase 2008
AHU heat consumption EU
Markterhebung 52© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 52
AHU electric power demand EU+
7.3721,4%54,883,4%10.829.175Serbia-Montenegro66.16813,0%492,602,4%7.701.900Swiss
1590,0%1,180,0%31.538San Marino225.20644,1%1.676,5944,4%142.400.000Russia
61.28212,0%456,231,5%4.825.500Norway
8220,2%6,121,4%4.455.421Moldava1.2850,3%9,570,6%2.063.122Macedonia9.3131,8%69,331,4%4.489.409Croatia2.9580,6%22,021,5%4.693.892Georgia 2.4810,5%18,471,4%4.552.000Bosnia-Herzegovina8.0981,6%60,293,0%9.489.000Belarus
4700,1%3,500,0%83.888Andorra 1.7410,3%12,961,0%3.170.048AlbaniakW/aBil. $
demandGDPpopulationbase 2008
Markterhebung 53© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 53
AHU electric power demand EU+
510.632100,0%3.801,51100,0%320.711.325sum
6620,1%4,930,0%35.789Lichtenstein4930,1%3,670,0%32.796Monaco
24.1424,7%179,7314,3%45.994.247Ukraine 97.98119,2%729,4423,7%75.863.600Turkey
kW/aBil. $demandGDPpopulationbase 2008
Markterhebung 54© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 54
AHU heat consumption EU+
456,236,12
17.90258.91811,030,354,88Serbia-Montenegro267.395682.2068,139,1492,60Swiss
16382314,519,71,18San-Marino1.330.9322.807.9085,447,31.676,59Russia
334.847734.6946,045,5Norway3.2208.3448,338,5Moldava3.77711.30110,033,49,57Macedonia
22.61574.43111,030,369,33Croatia4.71319.14812,924,622,02Georgia 4.88017.84612,027,318,47Bosnia-Herzegovina
47.860100.9725,447,360,29Belarus1.3814.13310,033,43,50Andorra 1.0576.95716,015,212,96Albania
MWh/aMWh/a°C%Bil. $HRheataverageuseGDPbase 2008
Markterhebung 55© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 55
2.258.1425.314.1008,542,53.801,51sum
1.7065.45110,731,24,93Lichtenstein2531.81216,414,03,67Monaco
114.910270.1347,042,5179,73Ukraine 100.530509.01914,519,7729,44TurkeyMWh/aMWh/a°C%Bil. $
HRheataverageuseGDPbase 2008
AHU Heat consumption EU+
for yourAttention
Thank you
Study of energy efficiency in air handling unitsHeat recovery and electric power efficiencies in AHU´s
Dr.-Ing. Christoph [email protected]
LCC influence - location
Markterhebung 57© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 57
LCC Total in €
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
200.000
250.000
300.000
Berlin Munich Hamburg Frankfurt
LCC influence - location
Markterhebung 58© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 58
LCC heating in €
010.00020.00030.00040.00050.00060.00070.00080.00090.000
100.000
Berlin Munich Hamburg Frankfurt
LCC influence - conditions
Markterhebung 59© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 59
18 / 16 °CHigh cooling demand
20 / 26 °C Higher load
5
22 / 20 °CHigh heat demand
18 / 24 °CLower load
4
20 / 18 °CLower heat demand
20 / 26 °CHigher load
3
21 / 19 °C Higher heat demand
18 / 24 °CLower load
2
21 / 19 °C Higher heat demand
20 / 26 °C Higher load
1
supply air conditions winter/summer
extract air conditions winter/summer
calculation variant
LCC influence - conditions
Markterhebung 60© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 60
LCC heating in €
0
20.000
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LCC influence - conditions
Markterhebung 61© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 61
LCC cooling in €
0
5.000
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15.000
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LCC influence - conditions
Markterhebung 62© Dr.-Ing. Christoph Kaup 62
LCC Total in €
0
50.000
100.000
150.000
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350.000
21/19 21/19 20/18 22/20 18/16
20/26 18/24 20/26 18/24 20/26target values / exhaust conditions (winter/summer)