CJSC “Research Institute CJSC “Research Institute “ROSBIO”“ROSBIO”

MARINE BIORESOURCES – MARINE BIORESOURCES – PERSPECTIVE RAW-PERSPECTIVE RAW-

MATERIAL BASE OF THE MATERIAL BASE OF THE BIOFUEL INDUSTRYBIOFUEL INDUSTRY

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Biodiesel represents methyl Biodiesel represents methyl (less often ethyl) ethers of fatty (less often ethyl) ethers of fatty acids and is a perspective acids and is a perspective substitute for traditional substitute for traditional hydrocarbon fuel. Raw hydrocarbon fuel. Raw materials for production of materials for production of biodiesel are vegetable oils, biodiesel are vegetable oils, food-industry wastes and waste food-industry wastes and waste oils used for cooking.oils used for cooking.

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- High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units)- High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units) - High flash point (above +100)- High flash point (above +100) - Good lubricating property- Good lubricating property - Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons- Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons - Low toxicity of emissions- Low toxicity of emissions - - Virtually complete biodegradability (99% Virtually complete biodegradability (99% biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28 biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28

daysdays)) - Zero balance of greenhouse gases- Zero balance of greenhouse gases

33

Benefits of BiodieselBenefits of Biodiesel

44

Production of biodieselProduction of biodiesel

55

66

Production of biodiesel Production of biodiesel by the regions of the world by the regions of the world

70 % - EU 70 % - EU 20 % - the USA20 % - the USA

10 % - other countries10 % - other countries

77

88

Features of consumption of Features of consumption of biodieselbiodiesel

The main consumers are Germany, The main consumers are Germany, Great Britain, France, Austria, SpainGreat Britain, France, Austria, Spain

National biodiesel programs are National biodiesel programs are started more than in 20 started more than in 20 countriescountries

Three of four liters of diesel fuel sold Three of four liters of diesel fuel sold in EU contain biodiesel. The obligatory in EU contain biodiesel. The obligatory share of biofuel is 5,75 % in 2010, 20 share of biofuel is 5,75 % in 2010, 20 % by 2020% by 2020

99

1010

1111

Biodiesel raw-material baseBiodiesel raw-material base

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Sown areas for the Sown areas for the production of vegetable oils production of vegetable oils

for biodiesel (worldwide)for biodiesel (worldwide)

Today - 1 % (14 mln ha)Today - 1 % (14 mln ha) By the yearBy the year 2030 - 2,5 % (35 mln ha) 2030 - 2,5 % (35 mln ha)

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RRaw materialaw material Liters of oil from 1 hectareLiters of oil from 1 hectareSesame 696Sunflower 952Peanut 1059Rape 1190Olive 1212Jatropha 1818Avocado 2638Palm-oil 5950Algae 95000Soya 446Flax 478

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1616

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The need for crop area to meet the requirements of biodiesel at 5% is added to the fuel oil will be 12.5 million hectares

RRaw aw materialmaterial

The required volumeThe required volume at at 100 % substitution of diesel 100 % substitution of diesel

fuel with biodieselfuel with biodiesel

The required volumeThe required volume at 5 at 5 % substitution of diesel fuel % substitution of diesel fuel

with biodieselwith biodiesel20102010 20152015 20102010 20152015

Rape 138.1 155.9 6.9 7.8Sunflower 169.5 191.4 8.5 9.6

The volume of requirements of Russia in raw materials for substitution of diesel fuel with biodiesel in 2010-2015, million tons

Producton and cost price of Producton and cost price of biodieselbiodiesel

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Material balance of Material balance of biodieselbiodiesel

1919

2020

Cost of biodiesel production in some European countries

The price of rape in Germany is 450 EUROS per ton

Сountry Cost, Euro/lGermany 0.50-0.64Baltic States 0.41-0.42Hungary 0.65Poland 0.75Slovakia 0.70

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Type of BiodieselType of Biodiesel Dollars per gallon Dollars per gallon of biodieselof biodiesel

Dollars per gallon Dollars per gallon gasoline equivalentgasoline equivalent

India (Jatropha)India (Jatropha) 2.742.74 2.972.97U.S. (soybean)U.S. (soybean) 3.203.20 3.333.33EU (rape)EU (rape) 3.263.26 3.543.54Russia (rape)Russia (rape) 1.501.50 1.651.65

Production cost of biodiesel in various countriesin 2008

The price of rape in Russia - 240 euros per ton

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Optimal raw material in terms of yield of biodiesel for the climatic conditions of Russia is considered rape, the worst performance in sunflower. However, the collection of these crops in Russia is low, causing shortages and price increases. In 2015, to ensure that domestic demand for biodiesel under the condition of a 5% replacement required 6.9 million tons of rapeseed (10 times higher than the collection in 2009) or 8.5 million tons of sunflower (1.3 times higher than the collection in 2009, taking into account that all volume of sunflower is chosen by oil produces).

Marine bioresources represent a new source of raw materialsMarine bioresources represent a new source of raw materialscompetitive advantages relative of biodiesel from vegetable competitive advantages relative of biodiesel from vegetable

raw material (rape):raw material (rape):

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1. Preservation of arable land2. Year-round production of raw materials.

3. Renewable source of raw material is weed species of fish and fish processing waste.4. Ability to self-reliance in the areas of fishing vessels

Use of marine resources solves Use of marine resources solves the problem of energy securitythe problem of energy security

- Autonomy from power and heat of Autonomy from power and heat of medium-sized cities, military bases, medium-sized cities, military bases, providing the rolling stock of the providing the rolling stock of the Armed Forces and Ministry of Armed Forces and Ministry of Emergencies in remote regions of Emergencies in remote regions of Russia.Russia.

- Supply ships and drilling platforms Supply ships and drilling platforms offshore of the Arctic Ocean.offshore of the Arctic Ocean.

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Resource of mesopelagic fishResource of mesopelagic fish

North - East Atlantic 10.000.000 tons

North - West Atlantic 1.000.000 tons

South - East Atlantic 1.000.000 tons

Antarctic Atlantic 8.000.000 tons

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The forecasts of catches of The forecasts of catches of marine and freshwater marine and freshwater

hydrobionts (mesopelagic hydrobionts (mesopelagic fish) of the Russian sector and fish) of the Russian sector and sectors of the U.S., EU, China sectors of the U.S., EU, China and Japan are no information. and Japan are no information.

Probably fishing for those Probably fishing for those aquatic bioresources is not aquatic bioresources is not

maintained.maintained.

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Source of raw materialsVegetable oils Cod-liver oil91.39 million tons

per year91 million tons of biodiesel per year

Global volumes

About 10 million tons per yearAbout 10 million tons of biodiesel per year

Growth in profitability of agriculture

pros Farming lands are not used, summer and winter diesel

Use of agricultural land,Only summer diesel

cons Raw materials must be extracted at sea and transported to land

Southern agricultural areas

Regions of biodiesel

Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, Murmansk Region, Magadan region.

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Flow diagram of the plant for productionof biodiesel from fish oil

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Material balance of biodiesel

Weed fish 4160 kg

Lipids 1040 kg + 114 kg Methanol + KOH 19 kg

Transesterification

Crude glycerin 100 kg

Biodiesel 1000 kg

Economic indicatorsEconomic indicatorsThe annual catch

40.000 tons, price ≈ $ 1 million

1 ton of cod-liver oil / 100$

1 kg ≈ 0,15 - 0,20 $

70% of cost is raw materials

1 кг = 0,76 $

oil

1 ton of marine diesel at sea / $

7601 ton of biodiesel ≈ 150 -200 $

10.000 tons of cod-liver oil

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Fuel parameters Diesel oil marine biodieselFlash point, C

Cetane numberAsh,%Sulphur content, mg / kgPrice, thous.rubles / ton

40-62450,010,223 (at sea)

12051----6 (at sea)

Characteristics of biofuel from

different raw materials

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Refueling of ships and vessels at sea is carried out with the tankers

Production of biodiesel directly on the ships dramatically increases their independence and

reduces the need for tankers

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The annual fuel requirement for large capacity of trawler capacity of 6.000 kW is approximately 7.700 tons of which diesel fuel - 500 tons.

The cost of diesel fuel, including delivery to the sea is about $ 760 per ton. The total cost of fuel consumed per year for a large-trawler is about 300.000 USD.

Pilot plant receiving fish oil from fish Pilot plant receiving fish oil from fish processing waste and weedy fish is processing waste and weedy fish is

placed in a standard 40 feet containerplaced in a standard 40 feet container

Module biodiesel is placed in the Module biodiesel is placed in the second second

40 feet container40 feet container

Modular biodiesel plants are fully Modular biodiesel plants are fully automatedautomated

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The cost of a modular plant The cost of a modular plant of biodiesel production from of biodiesel production from weedy species of fish and weedy species of fish and fish processing waste is fish processing waste is

1,688,000 EURO1,688,000 EURO

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When using marine resources When using marine resources can cover all the needs of the can cover all the needs of the

Russian fishing fleet is Russian fishing fleet is absolutely environmentally absolutely environmentally

safe diesel fuelsafe diesel fuel

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гидробионтовгидробионтов RU 2009107106 RU 2009107106 отот 24.02.2009 24.02.2009 RU 2009110375 RU 2009110375 отот 12.03.2009 12.03.2009 /RU2010/000084 /RU2010/000084 отот 19.02.2010 19.02.2010

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