CJ © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 13 Prisons and Jails.
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Transcript of CJ © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 13 Prisons and Jails.
CJ
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Chapter 13Chapter 13
Prisons and JailsPrisons and Jails
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcomes
LO1: List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow dramatically in the last several decades.
LO2: List and briefly explain the four types of prisons.
LO3: Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system.
LO4: Explain how jails are administered. LO5: Indicate some of the consequences of our
high rates of incarceration.
1LO
© 2011 Cengage Learning
List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow
dramatically in the last several decades.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 1Factors in prison growth:• Penal harm movement• Enhancement and stricter enforcement
of drug laws• Increased probability of incarceration• Inmates are serving more time for each
crime• Federal prison growth• Rising incarceration rates for women
© 2011 Cengage Learning
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 1The Prison Construction Boom• In 1980, the Federal Bureau of Prisons had a
budget of $330 million. • Today, its budget is $5 billion. • State governments spend more than $49
billion on correction systems.
Some believe that the increase in prison space spurred the inmate population boom. 0
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 1
The Role of Prisons• Custodial model• Rehabilitation model• Reintegration model
2LO
© 2011 Cengage Learning
List and briefly explain the for
types of prisons.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2
Maximum-Security Prisons:• Designed with full attention to
security and surveillance.
• Inmates’ lives are programmed in militaristic fashion and dominated by security measures.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
© 2011 Cengage Learning
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2Supermax:• Reserved for the “worst of the worst”• A controlled environment• Supermax Syndrome
– Violate standards for proper treatment?– SHU (security housing unit) syndrome
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2Medium-Security Prisons:• Prisoners who have committed less
serious crimes; not considered high risk for escaping or harming others.
• Offer more educational and training programs.
• Prisoners have more freedom of movement.
• Levels of surveillance are lower.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2
Minimum-Security Prison:• Most inmates are first-time offenders. • No armed guards. • Prisoners allowed TV, computers,
freedom of movement. • Educational and employment
opportunities.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2
Formal Prison Management:• Chain of command (a strong
hierarchy is vital)• May lack continuity of purpose
(rehabilitation versus punishment)
© 2011 Cengage Learning
CAREERPREPWarden
Job Description:• As chief managing officer of an adult correctional institution, the
warden is responsible for the custody, feeding, clothing, housing, care, treatment, discipline, training, employment, rehabilitation, and well-being of inmates.
• Provides institutional staff with effective communications, training, and leadership.
What Kind of Training Is Required?• A bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, social work/psychology, or a
related field.• One or more years of work experience in the management of a major
division of a correctional institution.
Annual Salary Range?$42,000–$95,000 (depending on size of institution and geographic
region)
For additional information, visit: www.legal-criminal-justice-schools.com/Criminal-Justice-Careers/prison-warden.html.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2
Governing Prison Populations:• Order
– The absence of misconduct, such as murder, assault and rape
• Amenities– Comforts that make life “livable,” such as
cleaning living conditions, and good food
• Services – Programs designed to improve inmates’
prospects upon release
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2
Private prisons are correctional facilitiesoperated by private corporations instead ofthe government.
• Private prisons are often reliant on profit for survival.
• Private prison populations are forecasted to continue to grow over the near future.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2
Why Privatize?• Cost efficiency
– Competitive bidding– Labor costs– Less red tape
• Overcrowding and outsourcing
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 2Arguments Against Privatization:• Safety concerns• Financial concerns• Philosophical concerns
3LO
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in
the American correctional system.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 3The function of jails: • Holding those convicted of misdemeanors.• Receiving individuals pending arraignment
and holding them while awaiting trial (if they cannot post bail), conviction, or sentencing.
• Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities.
• Holding the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 3The function of jails:• Detaining those who have violated conditions
of probation or parole and those who have “jumped” bail.
• Housing inmates awaiting transfer to federal or state prisons.
• Operating community-based corrections programs such as home confinement and electronic monitoring.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 3The Jail Population:• 87% of jail inmates are male • 30% are pretrial detainees• 37% have been convicted of their
current charge• The remainder of inmates housed
include the mentally ill and those awaiting transfer.
College of Natural and Social Sciences
I don't have the updated statistics for this slide in my proof.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 3Two realities of jails• Terms are generally too short to allow
the prisoner to gain any benefit from the jail’s treatment facilities.
• Jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders.
College of Natural and Social Sciences
I don't have the updated statistics for this slide in my proof.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
4LO
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Explain how jails are administered.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 4
Jail Administration:• The burden of jail management
– Sheriff’s may view the jail as a lower priority than crime prevention and control
• The challenge of overcrowding– Living conditions– Supply and demand
© 2011 Cengage Learning
CAREERPREPDeputy Sheriff/Jail Division
Job Description:• Responsible for supervising jail inmates by ensuring that order,
discipline, safety, and security are maintained. • Transport or escort inmates and defendants from jail to
courtrooms, attorneys’ offices, or medical facilities.
What Kind of Training Is Required?• Depending on the jurisdiction, possession of a high school
diploma or bachelor’s degree, as well as successful completion of written and physical examinations, training, and a probationary period.
• Some states require completion of a “jail academy” training course of up to sixteen weeks including field training.
Annual Salary Range?$44,000–$55,000
For additional information, visit: www.usdsa.org.
5LO
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Indicate some of the consequences of our high
rates of incarceration.
© 2011 Cengage Learning
Learning Outcome 5• Positive consequences include a
correlation with a drop in the crime rate.
• Negative consequences include social consequences for families and communities, and disenfranchisement of inmates who lose their right to vote.
