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Cj 101 ch 4
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Transcript of Cj 101 ch 4
Chapter 4
CJ 101 Introduction to Criminal Justice
History of PolicingEngland:-Watch system
-Hue and Cry
1829: Sir Robert Peel-uniformed officers
-decreased force
-”Police are the public and the public are the police”
London Metropolitan Police
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The Early Cities
Self-policed:
Justice of the Peace:
Boston: (1635): Night watch
NYC: (1651): Shout/Rattle Watch
Philadelphia: (1705): 10 patrol areas
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August Vollmer (1876-1955)DO NOT WRITE DOWN!!!!
Berkeley, CA: Chief:
-Centralized records (1906)-blood/soil/fibers (1907)-police academy (1907)-Patrol-bikes (1910)/motors (1911)/Cars (1913)/Radios (1928)-1st juvenile division (US)-1914-college degrees-CJ program UC Berkeley
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August Vollmer (1876-1955)DO NOT WRITE DOWN!!!!
-polygraphs-investigations 1921
-1st Black officer (1919)/1st female officer (1925)
-prevent v. solve crimes
-helped organize-LA, Chicago, San Diego
-many students other chiefs
-cancer-suicide 1955
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The Frontier
“wild west”
-lacked law enforcement
-vigilantes
-sheriff-elected/appointed
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Policing Eras
Political: 1840-1930-appointed
Reform: 1930-1970-professionalism/crime solving
Community Problem Solving: (1970- )-partnerships
Modern PolicingJurisdiction:-geographical area
-officers enforce FederalStateCountiesCities/towns
FederalJurisdiction:
-50 states/DC
-US territories
-federal lands
StateOldest-Texas Rangers
State Police:-jurisdiction-state boundaries
-patrol highways
-criminal investigations
-cover small towns
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Mass State Police
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CountySheriff:-only elected law enforcement official-county areas-jails-courtrooms
MunicipalEnforce all laws
-jurisdiction-city limits
-closest to public
-crime prevention
-community policing
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The Police Mission
1. Enforce/support laws
2. Investigate & apprehend
3. Prevent crime
4. Community services
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Enforcing the Law
10–20% calls-response
Resources limited
Priorities affected Support laws enforce?
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Apprehending Offenders
Crime
Arrest
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Preventing Crime
Proactive:
Reduce crime
Lessen fear
Crime mapping
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Preventive Patrol
Uniformed officers
1. Deterrence
2. Interrupt crimes
3. Quick response
4. Safety & security
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Emergency Response
Critical Incidents:
-crimes in progress/serious injuries,
-lives in jeopardy
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Routine Incident Response
Second most common activity
Good response time-citizen satisfaction
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Criminal Investigation
-small % police work
-determine what happened/who responsible
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Criminal Investigation
First officers:
Assist injured/capture suspects Secure scene Preliminary investigation
Investigators/Detectives:-in depth actions-trained/experienced
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Problem Solving
-causes
-solutions/community
-plan/assess progress
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Community Policing
-crime prevention
-quality of life issues
-police/citizens/social services solve problems
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Community Policing
1. Community-based crime prevention
2. Nonemergency services
3. Increased accountability to public
4. Decentralization of command
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Terrorism’s Impact on Policing
September 11, 2001:
-changed role
-more preparing
-local-important role
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Recruitment and Selection
DO NOT WRITE DOWN::Personal interviewsBasic skills testsPhysical agility measuresMedical examsDrug testsBackground investigationsPsychological testing
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Education and Training-College credits
-Academy
-FTO
-Cultural awareness
-Specialized
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Professionalism and Ethics
-specialized knowledge
-professional standards and ethics
-accreditation
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Ethnic and Gender Diversity in Policing
Women/Minorities: expanding
-underrepresented-top command
Officer DiscretionArrest or not?
-judgment call
-exercising autonomy
-individual solutions
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Factors that Influence Discretion
Factors:
Officer’s backgroundSuspect’s characteristicsDepartment policyCommunity interestPressure from victimDisagreement with the law
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Increasing the Number of Minorities and Women in Police Work
Police Foundation recommends:
1. Involving underrepresented groups
2. Open promotion system
3. Periodic audits
Multiculturalism and PolicePolice reflect community
-same make up
-mutual understanding
-training/exposure