Civilizations of Latin America Mayans Incas and Aztecs.
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Transcript of Civilizations of Latin America Mayans Incas and Aztecs.
Civilizations of Latin America
Mayans Incas and
Aztecs
Mayans• Mexico- Yucatan Peninsula and
Guatemala• 300 BCE- 900 CE• Slash and Burn Farming and
raised fields• City-States that traded among
each other• Had a small ruling class-
Nobles, warriors, and the majority were farmers
• The king ruled all Mayans• There was a court system with
local judges• Well organized army who
conquered others and took them as slaves
Mayans
• Built temples, palaces, stone sculptures, and pyramids• Writing system, astronomy, mathematics, calendar
MAYANCALENDAR & CHICHEN ITZA
The Mayan calendar began in 3114BC. It has 13 cycles of 400 years each. Therefore, their calendar will end in December 2012. Some believe this is the end of the world, but actually a new calendar cycle will begin.
MAYANCHICHEN ITZA COMPLEX
CHICHEN ITZA
Mayan Religion and Decline• Religion plays a major
role in society & rule• They have been known to
sacrifice blood for the gods
• The king and queen had to do blood-letting to please the gods…if the blood was good then the gods will be happy
• The civilization just vanished…some say it was because the last king’s blood was not good enough
Mayan Quiz
• How did the Mayans solve their agriculture problem?
• How did the Mayans set up their civilization within the different areas of the empire?
• What Mayan cultural item has had the biggest impact on our culture?
Aztecs• Central Mexico• 1200 CE-1519 CE• Chinampas- channels used to
water cropland from below “Floating Gardens”
• King- each city had its own King (Tenochtitlan-Moctezuma)
• A lot like Feudal Europe• Culture was simple and they
were not powerful early on• No written records but told
stories instead• 1376 had first emperor and
used military force to take over others who had to pay them in food or other valuables
• By 1500s, Aztecs had large empire and a harsh military
MESOAMERICAN: AZTECPYRAMID OF THE SUN & PYRAMID OF THE MOON
AZTECLAKE TEXCOCO & STATUES OF
QUETZALCOATL
Chinampas• Polytheistic religion- leads to many cultural beliefs in Mexico
•Also had human sacrifices in their religion
•Calendar, education, and medicine
Tenochtitlan
End of the Aztecs• European conquerors called
conquistadors began taking advantage of the early civilizations
• These conquistadors wanted the gold and wealth for their own countries (God, Gold, Glory)
• Some also wanted to just explore and discover new places
• Hernando Cortes takes over the Aztecs for Spain
• He imprisons King Montezuma and kills him after 3 months of fighting
Aztecs Quiz
• How was the Aztec culture set up?
• Why would the Aztecs build a city like Tenochtitlan on a lake?
• Who came to Mexico to take over the Aztec Empire?
Incas• 100 CE- 1532 CE• Andes Mountains, Peru, Bolivia,
Chile, Argentina, Ecuador• Soil fertilization and irrigation
canals - Flat strips of land supported by walls that got water from rain
• Used land on the side of the mountain as farms called “terraces”
• Empire Structure with one King (Atahualupa-last emperor)
• Religion- Sun God• Communicated through runners
INCA TERRACES NEAR CUSCO &INCAN ROADS
Incas
• Metal work, medicine, and religion
• Building structures, stone building
Machu Picchu
INCANMACHU PICCHU & INCAN TRAIL
End of the Incas• Francisco Pizarro was a
Spanish conquistador who wanted the riches of the Incas
• He tricked and imprisoned Atahualpa (the Inca emperor)
• Pizarro made a deal to free Atahualpa if he was able to fill a huge room with gold…the Incas did it BUT…
• Pizarro disagreed saying that Atahualpa was going to attack, put the emperor on trial, and had him executed…Pizarro claimed Inca territory for Spain
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKeB82retLs (Spoof 3:09)
INCAS QUIZAnswer these on lined paper and turn in
• How did the Incas farm the land?
• How did the Incas communicate across their huge empire?
• What eventually happened to the Incas?