The Civil WarThe Civil War

SymptomsSymptoms

1. 1619 - FIRST SLAVES IN 1. 1619 - FIRST SLAVES IN AMERICAAMERICA

As Southern Plantations grew, so did the As Southern Plantations grew, so did the demand for slaves in the south. Africans demand for slaves in the south. Africans were brought to America against their were brought to America against their will.will.

Why was it a symptom? Economic Why was it a symptom? Economic Differences: the NDifferences: the N’’s industrial economy s industrial economy did not need slaves while the Sdid not need slaves while the S’’s farming s farming economy did. By the Rev War, 1 in 5 economy did. By the Rev War, 1 in 5 Americans were black & 90% lived in the Americans were black & 90% lived in the S. Opinions about slavery emerge. S. Opinions about slavery emerge.

2. 1787 - SLAVERY 2. 1787 - SLAVERY PROHIBITED IN NORTHWEST PROHIBITED IN NORTHWEST

TERRITORYTERRITORY The NW Ordinance outlawed slavery in Ohio, The NW Ordinance outlawed slavery in Ohio,

MI, IN, IL, WIS, & Minn. The N had more MI, IN, IL, WIS, & Minn. The N had more people so it controlled the House of Reps. The people so it controlled the House of Reps. The balance of power in the Senate was equal. balance of power in the Senate was equal. The S would need more slave states to keep The S would need more slave states to keep power in the Senate.power in the Senate.

Why was it a symptom? State Rights: the Why was it a symptom? State Rights: the South did not want a powerful federal South did not want a powerful federal government because it was afraid it was going government because it was afraid it was going to lose power in Congress. It was afraid the to lose power in Congress. It was afraid the N would control both the House and Senate.N would control both the House and Senate.

3. BY 1800 - SLAVERY 3. BY 1800 - SLAVERY ABOLISHED IN NORTHABOLISHED IN NORTH

The NThe N’’s industrial economy did not need s industrial economy did not need slaves. It used immigrants as cheap slaves. It used immigrants as cheap labor.labor.

Why was it a symptom? Economic Why was it a symptom? Economic Differences: the N could get rid of Differences: the N could get rid of slavery b/c its economy did not need slavery b/c its economy did not need slaves. The S's economy did. The S slaves. The S's economy did. The S was nervous the N would want to was nervous the N would want to abolish slavery throughout the whole abolish slavery throughout the whole US. US.

4. 1793 - FUGITIVE SLAVE 4. 1793 - FUGITIVE SLAVE ACTACT

This act was made during the Const. This act was made during the Const. Conv. & allowed runaways to be Conv. & allowed runaways to be arrested and returned no matter where arrested and returned no matter where they were.they were.

Why was it a symptom? State's Rights: Why was it a symptom? State's Rights: the N will use this act as a compromise the N will use this act as a compromise in getting more free states. In order to in getting more free states. In order to have harsher punishments for have harsher punishments for runaways, the S will have to allow more runaways, the S will have to allow more free states, threatening the S's power in free states, threatening the S's power in Congress.Congress.

5. 1808 - SLAVE TRADE 5. 1808 - SLAVE TRADE ABOLISHEDABOLISHED

Delegates at the Const. Conv. Delegates at the Const. Conv. agreed to abolish the slave trade in agreed to abolish the slave trade in 1808.1808.

Why was it a symptom? Economic Why was it a symptom? Economic Differences: the S wanted the slave Differences: the S wanted the slave trade to continue b/c they needed trade to continue b/c they needed slaves. They saw this as one step slaves. They saw this as one step toward ending slavery.toward ending slavery.

6. 1820 - MISSOURI 6. 1820 - MISSOURI COMPROMISECOMPROMISE

Missouri wanted to become a slave state in Missouri wanted to become a slave state in 1820. This would upset the 11/11 balance in 1820. This would upset the 11/11 balance in the Senate. Henry Clay made a comp: the Senate. Henry Clay made a comp: Missouri = slave state & Maine = free state Missouri = slave state & Maine = free state & slavery would be outlawed in the top 1/2 of & slavery would be outlawed in the top 1/2 of the LA territory. The Senate was now the LA territory. The Senate was now balanced at 12 free/12 slave states.balanced at 12 free/12 slave states.

Why was it a symptom? State Rights: S can't Why was it a symptom? State Rights: S can't lose power in the Senate and begins leaning lose power in the Senate and begins leaning harder towards state rights. The S is upset at harder towards state rights. The S is upset at the new free territory. the new free territory.

7. 1828 - ECONOMIC 7. 1828 - ECONOMIC DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES

S= Farming Economy / N = Industrial S= Farming Economy / N = Industrial Economy (they make things).Economy (they make things).

Why was it a symptom? Economic Why was it a symptom? Economic Differences: The N and the S have Differences: The N and the S have different ideas on the future of the US different ideas on the future of the US economy. The N wants an industrial economy. The N wants an industrial economy; the S a farm econ. Their economy; the S a farm econ. Their differences are driving them apart. differences are driving them apart.

Checking for Checking for Understanding Understanding

What role did slavery have What role did slavery have in the formation of the in the formation of the United States?United States?

How did the issue of How did the issue of slavery divide the North slavery divide the North and South?and South?

8. 1831 - NAT TURNER8. 1831 - NAT TURNER’’S S REVOLTREVOLT

Nat Turner was a slave who led a Nat Turner was a slave who led a violent revolt in Virginia. The S violent revolt in Virginia. The S believed that people in the N were believed that people in the N were encouraging revolts.encouraging revolts.

Why was it a symptom? Fanatics: Why was it a symptom? Fanatics: Southerners were afraid more slaves Southerners were afraid more slaves would revolt. They also believed the would revolt. They also believed the N encouraged these fanatics. N encouraged these fanatics.

9. 1833 – S. CAROLINA 9. 1833 – S. CAROLINA NULLIFICATIONNULLIFICATION

S Carolina believed any state could nullify or S Carolina believed any state could nullify or refuse to enforce a federal law. In 1833, S refuse to enforce a federal law. In 1833, S Carolina nullified or refused to follow a federal Carolina nullified or refused to follow a federal law on tariffs (import taxes). Andrew Jackson & law on tariffs (import taxes). Andrew Jackson & Henry Clay came up with a compromise: the N Henry Clay came up with a compromise: the N lowers the tariffs and the S agrees they canlowers the tariffs and the S agrees they can ’’t t nullify federal laws.nullify federal laws.

Why was it a symptom? Why was it a symptom? State Rights & State Rights & Economic Differences: Import Economic Differences: Import taxes were good taxes were good for the N b/c they made things; they did not for the N b/c they made things; they did not need to buy things from other countries like the need to buy things from other countries like the S. The S hates tariffs believes they should be S. The S hates tariffs believes they should be able to nullify laws. able to nullify laws.

10. 1840 - ABOLITIONIST 10. 1840 - ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT /UNDERGROUND RRMOVEMENT /UNDERGROUND RR

The movement demanded an immediate The movement demanded an immediate end to slavery. The U.R. was made up end to slavery. The U.R. was made up of 3000 blacks and whites guiding of 3000 blacks and whites guiding slaves to freedom. (1780-1865). slaves to freedom. (1780-1865).

Why was it a symptom? Slavery: The S Why was it a symptom? Slavery: The S felt the N and its Abolitionist Movement felt the N and its Abolitionist Movement were intentionally helping slaves escape were intentionally helping slaves escape (likened to stealing their property.) (likened to stealing their property.)

11.11.1835-36 TEXAS 1835-36 TEXAS INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

• In early 1836: over 100 Texans die during a In early 1836: over 100 Texans die during a 12 day battle at the Alamo. There Texans 12 day battle at the Alamo. There Texans declare their independence from Mexico. declare their independence from Mexico. 1838: Mexico grants Texas its 1838: Mexico grants Texas its independence.independence.

• Why was it a symptom? State Rights: Texas Why was it a symptom? State Rights: Texas wants to join the U.S.; the S wants Texas to wants to join the U.S.; the S wants Texas to join the union. Texas allows slavery = more join the union. Texas allows slavery = more power for the S. The N. objects. S says power for the S. The N. objects. S says Texas should have the right to choose Texas should have the right to choose slavery. Texas becomes a slave state. slavery. Texas becomes a slave state.

12. 1848-49- WAR WITH 12. 1848-49- WAR WITH MEXICO/CAL GOLD RUSHMEXICO/CAL GOLD RUSH

• The U.S. won the war w/ Mexico in 1848. The U.S. won the war w/ Mexico in 1848. Civil War Generals got their war experience Civil War Generals got their war experience here. The U.S. gets Texas, AZ, CA, NM, NV, here. The U.S. gets Texas, AZ, CA, NM, NV, Utah, and part of Colorado for $10 million. Utah, and part of Colorado for $10 million. The N feared slavery in the new terr. David The N feared slavery in the new terr. David Wilmot wrote a bill called the Wilmot wrote a bill called the ““Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso”” to outlaw slavery in all lands won by Mexico. to outlaw slavery in all lands won by Mexico.

• Why was it a symptom? State Rights: the Why was it a symptom? State Rights: the Proviso outraged the S. S believed states Proviso outraged the S. S believed states have the right to choose slavery or not. Bill have the right to choose slavery or not. Bill failed in the Senate. S victory.failed in the Senate. S victory.

13. 1850 - COMPROMISE OF 13. 1850 - COMPROMISE OF 18501850

• The 1849 Gold Rush populated CA quickly. The 1849 Gold Rush populated CA quickly. CA had enough people to become a state in CA had enough people to become a state in 1 year. Would CA be free? Henry Clay & 1 year. Would CA be free? Henry Clay & Stephen Douglas made a compromise: CA Stephen Douglas made a compromise: CA = free/ Utah & NM = decide themselves; = free/ Utah & NM = decide themselves; the Fug Slave Act would be strengthened the Fug Slave Act would be strengthened while slavery outlawed in D.C.while slavery outlawed in D.C.

• Why was it a symptom? State Rights: S Why was it a symptom? State Rights: S power in the Senate again threatened. S power in the Senate again threatened. S fully supports state rights. fully supports state rights.

14. 1852 - UNCLE TOM14. 1852 - UNCLE TOM’’S S CABINCABIN

• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote about Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote about the evils of slavery in her book the evils of slavery in her book called Uncle Tomcalled Uncle Tom’’s Cabin.s Cabin.

• Why was it a symptom? Slavery: N Why was it a symptom? Slavery: N increases their hatred for slavery; S increases their hatred for slavery; S considered the book an insult to considered the book an insult to their way of life.their way of life.

15. 1854 - 15. 1854 - KANSAS/NEBRASKA ACT KANSAS/NEBRASKA ACT

• KS & Neb were free territories through the KS & Neb were free territories through the Miss Comp. The N wants the Miss Comp. The N wants the Transcontinental RR built through the N. Transcontinental RR built through the N. Stephen Douglas offers a deal called the Stephen Douglas offers a deal called the Kansas/Nebraska Act: KS & Neb would get Kansas/Nebraska Act: KS & Neb would get to decide the issue of slavery themselves to decide the issue of slavery themselves and the N would get the RR built in the N.and the N would get the RR built in the N.

• Why was it a symptom? State Rights: Neb Why was it a symptom? State Rights: Neb = free state. A small civil war breaks out in = free state. A small civil war breaks out in KS over whether or not it will allow slavery. KS over whether or not it will allow slavery.

16. 1856 – BLEEDING 16. 1856 – BLEEDING KANSASKANSAS

• KS would have elected to be a free KS would have elected to be a free state, but citizens from Missouri state, but citizens from Missouri (border ruffians) crashed the election (border ruffians) crashed the election and the results were in favor of slavery. and the results were in favor of slavery. KS set up two state governments. KS set up two state governments.

• Why was it a symptom? Civil war Why was it a symptom? Civil war broke out. John Brown leads a raid broke out. John Brown leads a raid against pro-slavery forces. Kansas against pro-slavery forces. Kansas becomes known as becomes known as ““Bleeding Kansas.Bleeding Kansas.””

17. 1854 – BIRTH OF THE 17. 1854 – BIRTH OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTYREPUBLICAN PARTY

• The Republican Party was created in 1854 The Republican Party was created in 1854 after the Kansas/Neb Act. It was backed by after the Kansas/Neb Act. It was backed by Abolitionists; it favored a strong Federal Abolitionists; it favored a strong Federal governement and it opposed slavery in the governement and it opposed slavery in the territories. To gain power, it will need a territories. To gain power, it will need a leader.leader.

• Why was it a symptom? Slavery: The S Why was it a symptom? Slavery: The S fears this party not only b/c it favors a fears this party not only b/c it favors a strong fed gov, but also b/c it is against strong fed gov, but also b/c it is against slavery in the territories. Fears it might slavery in the territories. Fears it might also want to abolish slavery in the US. also want to abolish slavery in the US.

18. 1857 - DRED SCOTT 18. 1857 - DRED SCOTT DECISIONDECISION

• Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom on Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom on the grounds that he was free b/c his master the grounds that he was free b/c his master took him to free territory and state. He lost. took him to free territory and state. He lost. Chief Justice Taney said he did not have the Chief Justice Taney said he did not have the right to sue b/c he was black &, therefore, not right to sue b/c he was black &, therefore, not a citizen of the US. He also said slaves were a citizen of the US. He also said slaves were property no matter where they were in the US.property no matter where they were in the US.

• Why was it a symptom? Slavery: TaneyWhy was it a symptom? Slavery: Taney’’s s decision made all decision made all ““freefree”” territory in the US territory in the US illegal on the grounds that it prevented illegal on the grounds that it prevented citizens from having their property. citizens from having their property.

19. 1858 – 19. 1858 – LINCOLN/DOUGLAS LINCOLN/DOUGLAS

DEBATESDEBATES• 1858: Illinois Senate Race: Senator 1858: Illinois Senate Race: Senator

Stephen Douglas. Lincoln runs against Stephen Douglas. Lincoln runs against him and loses. However, he makes his him and loses. However, he makes his name by debating Douglas on slavery. name by debating Douglas on slavery. ““A house divided against itself cannot A house divided against itself cannot stand.stand.””

• Why was it a symptom? Slavery: The Why was it a symptom? Slavery: The Republicans (abolitionists) need a Republicans (abolitionists) need a candidate for President in 1860. They candidate for President in 1860. They pick Lincoln. pick Lincoln.

20. 1859 - JOHN BROWN20. 1859 - JOHN BROWN’’S S RAIDRAID

• 1859: Brown planned attack at Harper1859: Brown planned attack at Harper ’’s s Ferry, Virginia. He wanted to take the Ferry, Virginia. He wanted to take the weapons, arm slaves, & together they weapons, arm slaves, & together they would free slaves in VA and the rest of would free slaves in VA and the rest of the S. the S.

• Why was it a symptom? Fanatics: N Why was it a symptom? Fanatics: N considered him a hero. S believed the considered him a hero. S believed the Republican Party supported people like Republican Party supported people like Brown. The S threatened secession and Brown. The S threatened secession and started to prepare for war. started to prepare for war.

NOVEMBER 1860: Presidential Election/7 Southern States Secede

• Lincoln, the Republican candidate for President, won all free states except part of New Jersey. Democrats broke into 2 groups: N Democrats supported Stephen Douglas & S Democrats supported John Breckenridge. John Bell ran for the Constitutional Union Party. Lincoln won. The S was horrified a Rep was President.

FEBRUARY 4, 1861: The Confederate States of America (CSA)

• Soon after Lincoln’s election, S Carolina’s legislature called for a state convention. On December 20, S Carolina seceded from the union. By February 1, 1861, 6 states had joined S Carolina: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. On Feb 4, they met in Montgomery, Alabama and created the CSA. They elected Jefferson Davis their President.

MARCH 4, 1861: Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address

• March 4, 1861 – Lincoln was inaugurated in Washington D.C. He promised to “preserve, protect, and defend the Union.” Several tense weeks followed. The country was heading for war.