Civil WarReconstruction

Summer School

Day 1

Civil War North vs South

Union vs Confederacy

Causes of the Civil War 1. Economics

Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney Made South

one-crop economy. North

industrial economy.

Causes of the Civil War 2. Cultural Differences

South – Agricultural and rural North – Industrial and urban

3. States Rights vs Federal Rights Southern states - strong rights/powers for the

state governments. Northern states – Strong Federal Rights

Causes of the Civil War 4. The Slavery Issue

As the country expands, is slavery allowed to expand?

The Slavery Question Missouri Compromise

Everything North of 36o 30’ was closed to slavery

Compromise of 1850 California added to Union as free state New Mexico and Utah decide for themselves

Compromise of 1850

Page 160

The Slavery Question Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas could decide whether or not to allow slavery. (Repealed Missouri Compromise)

Bleeding Kansas Pro-slavery Missouri citizens voted in Kansas. Violence erupted over the results

Kansas/Nebraska Act

Violence erupts in the Senate

Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass. Delivers anti-slavery speech against Sen. Andrew

Butler, SC Butler’s nephew, Sen. Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner.

The Slavery Issue

1850’s

Causes of the Civil War 5. Election of Lincoln

South believed Lincoln was anti-slavery.

South Carolina first to secede

Then, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX before inaugurated.

Geographic Divide

North vs South

The Civil War Confederate States of America (CSA)

Organization of states who succeeded. Untrusting of strong central control

Political Cartoon

Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee General of Union Army General of Confederate Army

Civil War Fort Sumter, 1861 – Charleston, SC

Considered first battle of the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 - freed slaves in Confederate-controlled states.

Emancipation Proclamation

Surrender April 3, 1865 – Union Troops conquer

Richmond, VA (Confederate Capital)

April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant in the Appomattox Court house

ReconstructionDay 1

13th Amendment “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,

except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.”

Reconstruction Rebuilding time after the Civil War Process of re-admitting Confederate states

to the Union Lasted 1865 – 1877

Lincoln’s Plan Lenient Policy Pardon all confederates who swear

allegiance to the Union 10% Plan

When 10% of people did this, state could be represented in Congress

AK, LA, TN, VA

Radical Republicans Senators who wanted to destroy power of

the former slaveholders. Wanted African Americans to have full

citizenship and right to vote.

Andrew Johnson’s Plan

Similar to Lincoln’s Plan Excluded wealthy

landowners Believed South should be

controlled by white men. MS, AL, GA, TN, NC, SC,

FL

Congressional Reconstruction 14th Amendment

Defined citizenship – “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”

Prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any US citizen.

Congressional Reconstruction Reconstruction Act, 1867

Did not recognize the new state governments Divided states into 5 military districts Must let African-American men vote Must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment

Fifteenth Amendment “The right of citizens of the United States to

vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

Ratified in 1870

Postwar South Devastated economy

Many farms were destroyed

Devastated population Hundreds of thousands of men died in war

Southern Republicans Scalawags

White Southerners who joined the Republican Party

Small farmers Improve economic position Didn’t want wealthy planters to have power

Southern Republicans Carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved South after war

Pg 187

Southern Republicans African Americans

9 of 10 African American men voters were Republican

Hiram Revelsfirst AAsenator.

Republican

Three groups of republicans could not unify the Southern Republican Party.

Sharecropping Poor whites and

former slaves Owner of land

assigns families plot of land, seeds, and tools. Families keep part Owner gets part

Memories of Sharecropping

Opposition to Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

1. Destroy Republican Party

2. Remove Reconstruction Governments

3. Prevent African Americans from politics

Opposition to Reconstruction Nathan Bedford

Forrest Confederate Officer First Grand Wizard of

the KKK.

Reconstruction Fades Lack of Republican Unity Bank failures in 1873 Supreme Court overturned some changes

Reconstruction

Election of 1876 Samuel Tilden, Dem won popular vote,

lacked electoral vote by 1

Rutherford B. Hayes, Rep given presidency

Federal troops removed from the South.

Identify and Label States through 1877 Alabama Arkansas California Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky

Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas Vermont Virginia West Virginia Wisconsin

Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina