CIVIL WAR NOTES

OBJECTIVES 3- 5

Objective #4: Advantages & Disadvantages

A. The Fight Is On!!! WAR!!!1. How to Name a Battle

a. North- Nearby Landforms (Lake / River) b. South- Name of nearby Towns

B. Best Generals1. Both Sides Trained @ West Point (US Army)2. Old Style fighting (Like British)3. SOUTH- Has the Best (Lee, Beauregard)

a. Lee offered command of Northern Army but says no

Obj. #5

What would exports

prove the North has that the

south doesn’t

(export is something you ship to

another country)

Objective #5: Advantages & DisadvantagesC. Army & Supplies

1. North has Larger Armya. More population (Free people)b. South has small population and almost all workers

are SLAVES2. Northern has Factories / South None

a. North can provide more supplies and weaponsb. South will need help from others

D. The Navy1. North keeps most of Navy

a. Most navy men are from New England

2. BLOCKADE: North block south from tradinga. South can’t get supplies

Objective #5: Early Part of WarA. Southern Surprise

1. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)a. 1st Battle of the Warb. Just outside Washington,

*People come for picnics and pictures to see the South get whooped

c. South upsets Union troops*Northerners go running/No Picnic

B. South Good Early1. Good Leaders

a. Robert E. Lee considered best American Generalb. Northern Generals Poor*McClelland won’t fight, just marches

2. Fighting on It’s own Land (Home Field)a. 2 years of Victoriesb. Fighting to ‘Protect’ homes

A. Turning Point of the War1. The Battle of Gettysburg

a. Gettysburg, PA June 1-3, 1863

1. Enormous 3 day battle-Entire Army of Potomac (North)(Lee use to being out numbered)

2. Picket’s Charge -North had high ground/cannons-South BLOWN AWAY!

3. LEE loses for 1st Time!!2. Gettysburg Address: Lincoln

gives a short speech to dedicate Gettysburg Memorial

Objective #5- Turning Point Battle

B. Union Fights Back (review)1. Northern Advantages

a. More Soldiers (Free men - Volunteer)b. Industry (Factories to make GUNS)

(TRAINS!! -Less Marching)c. A Navy (Block Southern Ports) **South Can’t Trade with Europe

-Only Raw Materials & $ Crops **Iron Clads on Mississippi and Southern Forts begin to fall

Objective #5- Union Wins War

C. North Turns Tide1. Winning Out WEST (Not Calf.)

-Tenn / New Orleans / Vicksburg2. General Grant’s Rise (Ulysses S.)

-Leader of Union troops out west-Promoted to Union Commander *Army of the Potomac*

3. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”a. Cut the South in HALF!!b. Burn & Destroy everythingc. Trap Lee in Virginia (N./S.)

I hate the

North!

Objective #5: Union Wins War

Importance:Mississippi River

Vicksburg was built on a hill. During the Siege of Vicksburg, the city’s residents burrowed a system of more than 500 caves in the side of the hill in which to take cover from the Union artillery attacks. Caves for a single family usually had 2 chambers. Some large caves could hold as many as 200 people. People furnished their caves with carpets, furniture, cook stoves, and mirrors.

D. African-Americans and War1. Escaping Slavery

a. Slaves flee south & follow Army

b. Can we Fight?** Early- NO!

c.Fight over Union, NOT Slaveryd. Lincoln lets Blacks fight-180,000 join (119,000 ex-

slaves)-68,000 killed or Wounded-Mass. 54th “Buffalo

Soldiers”

Objective #5: Union Wins War

2. Emancipation Proclamationa. Said all slaves in Slave states in “Open Rebellion”

were free-Did it free anyone? -Border States slaves still slaves

Objective #5: Union Wins War

E. Southern Fall1. Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

a.Cuts South in half ** Freed slaves not working b. 50% of soldiers desert the South c. Running out of Everything!!!!!

2. Appomattox Court House, Va. a. Lee surrenders to Grant April 9, 1865

b. Grant fought ‘War of Attrition’F. Outcome of War

1. 600,000 died on both sides2. South in shambles / North Strong

Objective #5- Southern Destruction

UnionTotal dead: 359,500Wounded: 275,200

ConfederateTotal dead: 258,000Wounded: 137,000+

3. South Destroyed a. Sherman Burns the South (Atlanta) b Infrastructure Destroyed

- 90% of bridges destroyed - Miles of Railroads Destroyed

c. Human Cost - 285,000 southern soldiers dead - 4 Mil. freedmen - no education **Freedman’s Bureau

- Helped freed slaves & poor whitesSouthern Troops Free to Go Home –NO PUNISHMENT!!*

Objective #5: Southern Destruction