Civil War Ii
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Transcript of Civil War Ii
The Furnace of Civil WarThe Furnace of Civil War““With a swift flourish of federal With a swift flourish of federal
force, Lincoln hoped to show the force, Lincoln hoped to show the folly of secession and rapidly return folly of secession and rapidly return the rebellious states to the Union. the rebellious states to the Union. But the war was neither brief nor But the war was neither brief nor
limited.”limited.”
““With a swift flourish of federal With a swift flourish of federal force, Lincoln hoped to show the force, Lincoln hoped to show the
folly of secession and rapidly return folly of secession and rapidly return the rebellious states to the Union. the rebellious states to the Union. But the war was neither brief nor But the war was neither brief nor
limited.”limited.”
Pages 451 - 475
Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan
1.1. Blockade coastBlockade coast
2.2. Liberate slavesLiberate slaves Economics/moraleEconomics/morale
3.3. Control M. RiverControl M. River Split ConfederacySplit Confederacy
4.4. Georgia & CarolinasGeorgia & Carolinas
5.5. Capture RichmondCapture Richmond
6.6. Engage enemy directlyEngage enemy directly
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
Lincoln’s outlook …Lincoln’s outlook … 90 days are up90 days are up Green / young volunteersGreen / young volunteers Capture capitolCapture capitol
Northern outlook …Northern outlook … ““On to Richmond”On to Richmond” Hill top picnicsHill top picnics
The South …The South … T.S. JacksonT.S. Jackson Rebel YellRebel Yell
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
First Bull RunFirst Bull Run-July 1861--July 1861-
Outcomes …Outcomes … SouthSouth
ConfidentConfident Overconfident? Overconfident?
DesertionsDesertions War is wonWar is won
NorthNorth Wake up callWake up call Lincoln - enlistmentsLincoln - enlistments
The Peninsula Campaign-Spring 1862-
The Peninsula Campaign-Spring 1862-
Who …Who … McClellan & Army of the PotomacMcClellan & Army of the Potomac Brilliant strategistBrilliant strategist
Problem …Problem … PerfectionistPerfectionist ““The slows”The slows” ““if McClellan isn’t going to use the army I if McClellan isn’t going to use the army I
should like to borrow them”should like to borrow them”
The Peninsula Campaign-Summer 1862-
The Peninsula Campaign-Summer 1862-
What …What … Seven Days BattleSeven Days Battle
Within sight of RichmondWithin sight of Richmond Lee forces Union retreatLee forces Union retreat
20K Confederate casualties20K Confederate casualties 10K Union casualties10K Union casualties
Outcomes …Outcomes … S. defeat would’ve likely meant slaveryS. defeat would’ve likely meant slavery McClellan fired McClellan fired Lincoln begins work on E.P.Lincoln begins work on E.P.
Southern StrategySouthern Strategy What …What …
Lee wants to pressure D.C.Lee wants to pressure D.C.
Why …Why …1.1. Foreign intervention?Foreign intervention?2.2. Border states!Border states!3.3. N. suppliesN. supplies
Shiloh Shiloh (April, 1862)(April, 1862)
Devastation to comeDevastation to come
Second Bull RunSecond Bull Run (August, 1862)(August, 1862)
Defeats PopeDefeats Pope
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
What …What … Lee advances into MDLee advances into MD Lincoln re-hires McClellanLincoln re-hires McClellan
Outcome …Outcome … McClellan “acquires” Lee’s battle plansMcClellan “acquires” Lee’s battle plans Bloodiest day in U.S. historyBloodiest day in U.S. history
23,000 casualties23,000 casualties
Ultimately …Ultimately … Lee escapesLee escapes
McClellan fired again!McClellan fired again!
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
Pivotal Antietam-September 1862-
Lincoln Lincoln (1863)(1863) … … Strong position to issue emancipationStrong position to issue emancipation ““forever free” slaves in rebellious statesforever free” slaves in rebellious states
Not border states! Not border states! (Slippery slope)(Slippery slope)
Emancipation-1863-
Emancipation-1863-
Emancipation-1863-
Emancipation-1863-
Outcome …Outcome … Moral cause!Moral cause! International supportInternational support War unconditionalWar unconditional
N. Dem.s & butternut less enthusiasticN. Dem.s & butternut less enthusiastic War of union / not abolition?War of union / not abolition?
Blacks Battle BondageBlacks Battle Bondage North …North …
– Reluctant to enlist blacksReluctant to enlist blacks– ContrabandContraband
South …South …– Backbone / plantationsBackbone / plantations– Last month of warLast month of war
Lee’s Heads NorthLee’s Heads North Burnside replaces McClellanBurnside replaces McClellan
– Dec., 1862… FredericksburgDec., 1862… Fredericksburg Lee winsLee wins
Hooker replaces BurnsideHooker replaces Burnside– May 1863… ChancellorsvilleMay 1863… Chancellorsville
Lee winsLee wins TS Jackson killedTS Jackson killed - - “lost my right arm”“lost my right arm”
Lee moves into PALee moves into PA– Off two great victoriesOff two great victories– Stir N. oppositionStir N. opposition– Foreign intervention?Foreign intervention?
Meade replaces HookerMeade replaces Hooker
GettysburgJuly, 1863
GettysburgJuly, 1863
3 days3 days Pickett’s chargePickett’s charge
7K in ½ hour7K in ½ hour Beginning of end for ConfederacyBeginning of end for Confederacy
No more significant victoriesNo more significant victories
Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address
War in the WestWar in the West July 4, 1863 … VicksburgJuly 4, 1863 … Vicksburg
Several month siegeSeveral month siege Vital S. supply route from LA & TXVital S. supply route from LA & TX Grant winsGrant wins
Combined w/Gettysburg …Combined w/Gettysburg …1.1.Reopened M.R. to N. tradeReopened M.R. to N. trade
Quelled Butternut peace agitatorsQuelled Butternut peace agitators
2.2.Finally tips diplomatic scalesFinally tips diplomatic scales
Sherman’s March Sept., 1864… captures AtlantaSept., 1864… captures AtlantaSherman’s March
Sept., 1864… captures AtlantaSept., 1864… captures Atlanta
Nov. - burns cityNov. - burns city Heads for SavannaHeads for Savanna
250 miles of destruction250 miles of destruction ““make Georgia howl”make Georgia howl” ““Total war”Total war”
DemoralizeDemoralize Families, homes, propertyFamilies, homes, property
Immoral?Immoral? Probably shortened war & saved livesProbably shortened war & saved lives S. desertionsS. desertions
Politics and WarPolitics and WarN. RepublicansN. Republicans
Political infightingPolitical infighting
1.1. Moderates Moderates (Lincoln)(Lincoln)
2.2. Radicals Radicals (since 1861)(since 1861)
Abolition!Abolition! Anti-exp. of powerAnti-exp. of power
N. DemocratsN. Democrats
““Democratic” burdenDemocratic” burdenDouglas’ death dividesDouglas’ death divides
1.1. Pro-warPro-war (Lincoln)(Lincoln)
2.2. Peace-DemocratsPeace-Democrats States’ rightsStates’ rights
3.3. CopperheadsCopperheads ExtremistsExtremists Ant-E.P.Ant-E.P. ButternutButternut
Election of 1864Election of 1864 Republicans …Republicans …
– Join w/war DemocratsJoin w/war Democrats (Union party)(Union party)
– Lincoln wins nominationLincoln wins nomination VP A. JohnsonVP A. Johnson
– TN / slaveholder / Border votesTN / slaveholder / Border votes
Democrats …Democrats …– George B McClellanGeorge B McClellan
Defeat imminent until …Defeat imminent until …– Mobile, Mobile, AtlantaAtlanta, Shenandoah, Shenandoah– Furloughs Furloughs (bayonet vote)(bayonet vote)
Lincoln victory - S. desertionsLincoln victory - S. desertions
Election of 1864Election of 1864
Grant vs. LeeGrant vs. Lee
Grant replaces MeadeGrant replaces Meade– Forceful / tenaciousForceful / tenacious– Engage enemies simultaneouslyEngage enemies simultaneously
Summer 1864 …Summer 1864 … Wilderness campaignWilderness campaign
Grant / 50K casualtiesGrant / 50K casualties N. public outragedN. public outraged
The EndThe End
April 1865 …April 1865 … Richmond takenRichmond taken Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse
The Cost of WarThe Cost of War
The Cost of WarThe Cost of War
Ford’s TheatreApril 14, 1865