In a couple of COMPLETE sentences, describe

the advantages that the North had over the South during the Civil War.

Bell Ringer

Battles and Events of the

Civil WarEQ: How can I trace the critical development and events of the

American Civil War?

First Battle of Bull

Run First major battle of the Civil War General Irvin McDowell (Union) vs.

General P.G.T. Beauregard (Conf.) Fighting occurred near a small

river called Bull Run Hundreds of spectators from

Washington, D.C. watched from a distance

Rebels struggled at first but were inspired by Thomas Jackson. He held his position like a “stone wall.”

The loss shocked the North and showed them that the war would be long and difficult.

Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

Battles were occurring over control of the MS River and its tributaries

Union forces led by Ulysses S. Grant and Andrew Foote captured Fort Henry on the TN River

Grant and Foote then moved to Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River

Confederates realized they had no chance of saving the fort

Grant demanded a surrender with no guarantees for the the South. This earned him the nickname, “Unconditional Surrender” Grant.

This made Grant a hero for the North and he eventually became the top Union general.

Shiloh (TN)

Grant led 40,000 troops to Corinth, MS (major RR hub)

Union captured Pittsburgh Landing, TN, near Shiloh church

More Union troops were on the way

South decided to strike first in a surprise attack

South was led by Albert Sidney Johnson and P.G.T. Beauregard

It was a narrow Union victory but both armies had over 23,000 casualties (deaths or injured)

After this battle, the North would capture Memphis and were on their way to capturing the MS River

Stones River (TN)

Occurred in Tennessee, near Murfreesboro

One of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War

Tennessee General Braxton Bragg ordered John Breckinridge to charge the Union

Both sides fought to a draw until Union re-enforcements arrived

Antietam

Robert E. Lee went to Maryland and split his army into four parts

Each part moved in a different direction to confuse Union general, George McClellan

A Confederate officer lost his battle plans and it was found by the Union

McClellan did not attack immediately, giving Lee time to prepare

Key Union victory Deadliest single-day of

fighting in the entire war (6,000 dead and 17,000 wounded)

Fredericksburg

Lee moved into Virginia from Maryland

Union general, Ambrose Burnside responded by moving toward Richmond (CSA capital)

Lee intercepted them at Fredericksburg and won by digging trenches in the surrounding hills

Chancellorsville

Lee vs. General Joseph Hooker

Hooker had twice as many men

Lee showed his skill by dividing the Confederate troops

Lee attacked the front, while “Stonewall” attacked at the flank (side)

“Stonewall” would lose his left arm

Lee said, “he lost his left arm and I have lost my right”

“Stonewall” eventually died from his wounds

Gettysburg

One of the most decisive battles of the war

Confederates came into the town looking for supplies

Lee wanted to avoid fighting in land that he did not know well

Lee would meet the enemy in this small Pennsylvania town

Gettysburg (Day 1)

Battle started on July 1, 1863 at 7:30 a.m.

Union troops were outnumbered and retreated to Cemetery Ridge

Colonel Chamberlain's Speech

Gettysburg (Day 2)

Southern generals tried to force the Union out of the hills

Union forces under George Meade held their positions

Gettysburg (Day 3)

Lee planned to completely destroy the Union army

Lee sent George Pickett to attack Cemetery Ridge (“Pickett’s Charge”)

This strategy seemed to work at first but soon became ineffective

The rebels lost half of the men involved in the attack and the North would win the battle

Virgnia's Glory- Pickett's Charge

Casualties at Gettysburg

Confederates 25,000

Union 23,000

Vicksburg

Occurred on July 4, the day after Gettysburg ended

Vicksburg was an important city on the MS River

Grant won this battle by cutting off food and supplies from the Confederates

Union gunships supported Grant

This completed the Anaconda Plan

Chickamauga (TN)

Occurred in September of 1863 near Chattanooga, TN

General Braxton Bragg had been forced out of the area earlier that month

Bragg called for reinforcements and supplies

Grant sent supplies of his own to General William Rosecrans and the Union won the battle and controlled the area

Lookout Mountain (TN)

Joseph Hooker (Union) vs Carter Stevenson (Confederacy)

Union victory in Tennessee that opened a gateway to the Deep South

Ended Confederate control in Tennessee

Franklin and Nashville

(TN) One of the final battles

of the Civil War in Tennessee

Confederate forces marched into Tennessee from Georgia

Confederate forces were badly defeated at Franklin and destroyed at Nashville

Sherman’s “March to the

Sea” Confederates were refusing to give

up The Union was trying to break the

will of the Confederates William Tecumseh Sherman led

forces across Georgia, burning Atlanta in the process

Cities and crops were burned Sherman continued through the

Carolinas to meet Grant in Richmond

On his way, he tore up railroad lines and fields and killed livestock

The goal of this strategy (“total war”) was to end the war by exposing the Southern population to the horrors of war

White Southerners were outraged but many African Americans followed Sherman to freedom

Appomattox Court

House April 9, 1865 Two days earlier, Grant asked Lee

to surrender, but Lee believed the South should fight on

The Union had captured the train carrying food to Southern troops

Lee finally agreed to surrender at the court house

Grant offered the following to Lee: Officers could keep small

firearms and horses Rebels could return home

undisturbed Grant also gave 25,000 rations to

feed Lee’s troops

Construct a newspaper article detailing one of the

battles or events of the American Civil War. Your article should include: A headline A small illustration At least one page of text

Grading Rubric: Historical Accuracy (5 points) Detail (5 points)

Extension Activity