Civil War 1861-1865

Anaconda Plan

• Union plan to defeat the South

• Winfield Scott’s idea• Blockade Southern

Ports• Divide the

Confederacy at the Mississippi River

• Capture Richmond, VA—the capital

Bull Run / Manassas

• 1st Battle of the Civil War (Virginia)

• July 1861• Confederate Victory• Union picnickers

came• Confederate =

Stonewall Jackson & Beauregard

• Union = McDowell

Shiloh

• Shiloh Church (Pittsburgh Landing, TN)

• Union leader = Grant• Surprise attack by

Confederate forces while Union forces were encamped

• Taught both sides to be more prepared

• Tie / some say Union victory

Antietam Bloodiest Day of Battle

23,000 killed, wounded, missing

Antietam / Sharpsburg

• Maryland

• Gen. McClellan (Union) v. Gen. Lee (CSA)

• Sept. 1862

• Bloodiest single day of battle ever

• Union Victory

• McClellan will be fired by Lincoln for not following Confederate army back & capturing Richmond, VA

Chancellorsville

• May 1863• Chancellorsville, VA• Robert E. Lee (CSA)• Joseph Hooker (USA)• Confederate Victory

• After the battle Stonewall Jackson accidently killed by friendly fire

Battle of Gettysburg

• Robert E. Lee (CSA) v. George Meade (USA)• Pickett (CSA), Longstreet (CSA)• Pennsylvania • July 1-4,1863• Confederate troops attacked Union forces in PA• Major Confederate DEFEAT• Pickett’s Charge (Bayonets)• The South will never invade the North again• After this the South will fight a strictly defensive war• THE TURNING POINT OF THE WAR!!!• Union 23,000 / Confederacy 28,000 (casualties=killed or

wounded)

Vicksburg• Vicksburg, Mississippi• Spring 1863• Union = Gen. Grant• Union troops surrounded the city for 6 week siege• City = starving• Confederate surrender• When the city fell to the Union moved on to

capture the Mississippi River & divide the Confederacy

Gettysburg

Copperheads

• Northern Democrats in Congress during the Civil War

• Confederate sympathizers• Wanted to end the war with the

South

• The Copperhead Party - in favor of a vigorous prosecution of peace! Editorial illustration appeared in Harper's Magazine February 28, 1863.

Clara Barton

Women Soldiers

Civil War Spies

Harriet Tubman—Union Spy

 

Though trained as an actress, Pauline Cushman-Fryer's legacy is her service as a spy for the Union during the Civil War.  During a stage performance in Louisville, Kentucky, Cushman-Fryer boldly proposed a toast to Jefferson Davis at the behest of Union officers (in the script, the toast was supposed to go to President Lincoln). Impressed by her "loyalty," Confederate officers took her into their confidence. Months later, a curious Confederate sentry arrested her with information on the whereabouts of the Army of Tennessee and she was sent to Gen. Bragg's headquarters. When her identity as a spy was confirmed, Pauline Cushman-Fryer was sentenced to be hanged.

Civil War spy Pauline Cushman-Fryer narrowly escaped execution for her service to the Union cause. She is buried in the San Francisco National Cemetery at the Presidio.

Arlington National Cemetary

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

Gettysburg National Cemetery