Civil protection vs. Earthquake Engineering and ... · sismica. Valutazione della vulnerabilità e...

CivilCivil

protectionprotection

vs.vs.

EarthquakeEarthquake

EngineeringEngineering andand

SeismologicalSeismological

ResearchResearch

Mauro DolceMauro DolceDirector of the Seismic Risk and PostDirector of the Seismic Risk and Post--Emergency Office, Emergency Office,

National Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyNational Civil Protection Department, Rome, ItalyProfessor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, FederProfessor of Earthquake Engineering, University of Naples, Federico IIico II

14° World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Beijing, October 12-18, 2008

Keynote

speech

1.Premise

2. Organization of the Italian CP System

3. CP scopes and activities

4. Research projects with CP objectives

5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

Reasons for CP – research connection

•

Reaching scientific consensus on evaluations that imply wide uncertainties;

•

Optimising the resource allocation for risk mitigation; •

Making precise and rapid forecasting, for fast and effective emergency actions;

•

Making effective search and rescue operations;•

Optimising resources and actions for emergency overcoming.

From the CP viewpoint, good reasons for a strong connection between research and CP are related to:

Positive implications for the scientific community, apart from getting funds for research activities are:

1. the clear finalisation of the research activities, 2. the enlargement, rather than the limitation, of the

investigation perspectives, too often otherwise finalised to the achievement of academic advancements.

3. the ethical value of a research with direct and positive social implications.

Reasons for CP – research connection

A strong link between CP and scientific community had already been developed after the 1976 Friuli earthquake, continuing until 2002. These projects involved the whole scientific community: both seismological and earthquake engineering research programmes were funded. A strong impulse was thus given to these research areas. A new stronger connection

and integration

between

CP

and research

started

in 2004, with

a new organization of the relationships

between

the ICPD and the scientific

community.

Previous experience

1.Premise




5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

MandateMandateThe National Civil Protection System aims at The National Civil Protection System aims at safeguarding human life and health, goods, safeguarding human life and health, goods, national heritage, human settlements and the national heritage, human settlements and the environment from all natural or manenvironment from all natural or man--made made disasters.disasters.

It deals with:It deals with:

-- Forecasting and WarningForecasting and Warning-- Prevention and MitigationPrevention and Mitigation-- Rescue and Assistance Rescue and Assistance -- Emergency overcomingEmergency overcoming

PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL

OF MINISTERS

National Fire-

fighters CorpsPolicePrefectures

I.N.G.V.C.N.R.National Institutes

118

Revenue Guard CorpsArmyNavyAir ForceCarabinieri

TERNA

Costal GuardANASNational Highway National Railway

State Forest Corps

ISPRA

Interior

Economy and Finance

Foreign Affairs

Environment

University and Research

Infrastructures

Defence

Agricultural Policy and Forestry

Communications

Economic Development

Health

Cultural Heritage

Regions

Provinces

Municipalities

Transportation

Public Education

THE NATIONAL CIVIL THE NATIONAL CIVIL PROTECTION SYSTEMPROTECTION SYSTEM

Department of Civil

Protection

National Fire Brigades

Army Air Force

Navy

Police

Regions and Local Autonomies

Italian Red

Cross

State Corps of Forest

Agency for environment protection

National Institute for geophysics

and volcanology

Alpine Rescue Corps

National health system

National Research Council

Volunteers organisations

Head of Civil Protection

An Operational Committeeis set up within the Department of Civil Protection to ensure a unified direction and coordination of emergency management

Dams Agency

Agency for road maintenance

HighwayTrains

Postmaster

Railway

Electricity management

agencies

Monitoring forecast

team

Telecommunications companies

Italian Television

Agency for flight control

Servizio di segreteria particolare

Servizio Ispettivo

Servizio di segreteria tecnica ed incarichi

speciali

Consigliere giuridico Nucleo operativo

(DL 245/2005) Nucleo operativo(DL 245/2005)

Servizio stampa ed informazione

Capo del DipartimentoCapo del Dipartimento

Consulente Dirigente Generale

Consulente Dirigente Generale

Vice Capo del DipartimentoVice Capo del Dipartimento

Servizio del Contenzioso

Servizio controllo interno

Ufficio IPrevisione, valutazione,

prevenzione e mitigazione dei rischi naturali

Per la Rete dei Centri

funzionali e per i presidi territoriali

Rischio vulcanico

Rischio idro- geologico, idraulico,

idrico, marittimo e

costiero

Rischio incendi boschivi

Per la vigilanza e la

previsione meteorologica

Ufficio II Previsione, valutazione,

prevenzione e mitigazione dei rischi antropici

Rischio sanitario

Rischio ambientale

Salvaguardia dei beni culturali

Rischio industriale, energetico,

nucleare e dei trasporti

Tecnico logistico e gestione dei materiali e dei

mezzi

Ufficio IIIValutazione,

prevenzione e mitigazione del

rischio sismico e attività ed opere post-emergenza

Valutazione del rischio sismico, sviluppo della conoscenza e della ricerca

sismica

Valutazione della

vulnerabilità e normativa

tecnica

Gestione degli eventi,

formazione tecnica e

divulgazione della

conoscenza

Monitoraggio del territorio e la gestione delle banche dati

Attività ed opere post- emergenza,

coordinamento dei comitati di

rientro, sicurezza

Ufficio IVGestione delle

emergenze

Metodologie, procedure e

pianificazione di emergenza

Gestione delle emergenze e unità di crisi

Coordinamento della Sala

Situazione Italia e monitoraggio

del territorio (SI.STE.MA) ed

emergenze marittime (COEMM)

Ufficio VRisorse

tecnologiche, ricerca e

innovazione

Sviluppo dei sistemi

informativi e cartografia

Telecomuni_cazioni

Studi, ricerche e analisi

statistiche

Monitoraggio degli interventi e innovazione organizzativa

Ufficio VIVolontariato,

relazioni istituzionali e internazionali

Volontariato

Relazioni internazionali

Rapporti con le autonomie e gli

enti locali

Ufficio VIIGrandi eventi, formazione e

cultura di protezione

civile

Pianificazione e gestione grandi

eventi

Comunicazione, sviluppo

conoscenze e gestione dei

rapporti con il servizio civile

Formazione del personale e dei livelli territoriali

competenti

Gestione della Rete Radio Nazionale

Ufficio VIIIBilancio e

risorse umane

Gestione ed organizzazio

ne del personale

Politiche contrattuali

Affari amministrativi, benemerenze e

speciali elargizioni

Affari finanziari

Relazioni con il pubblico

e segreteria organi

collegiali

Ufficio IXAttività

aeronautica

Coordina- mento aereo

unificato

Sicurezza del volo,

addestramento del personale navigante e

vigilanza delle attività aeree dipartimentali

Tecnico- amministrativo-

contrattuale della flotta

aerea

ORGANIGRAMMA del DIPARTIMENTO DELL PROTEZIONE CIVILE -

decreto PCM 23 ottobre 2006 pubblicato nella G.U. del 24 novembre 2006

ForecastingM

itigationN

ATU

RAL RISKS

ForecastingM

itigationA

NTRO

PIC RISKS

EvaluationM

itigationSEISM

IC RISK

EMERGEN

CY MA

NA

GEMEN

T

TechnologicalResourcesand IN

NO

VATIO

N

VOLU

NTEERS and internationalrelationships

MA

JOR EVEN

TS, Training and C.P. Culture

AD

IMIN

ISTRATIO

N and H

uman

Resources

AERO

NA

UTICS A

ctivitiesHEAD

Emergency management Training and Education Emergency management Training and Education

Vulnerability, Technical Regulations and post-Emergency management

Vulnerability, Technical Regulations and post-Emergency management

Monitoring systemsMonitoring systems

Office III – Evaluation, Prevention and MItigation of Seismic Risk

Seismic Risk Assessment Functional Centre -

SRS

Competence

Centres for

Seismic

Risk:

RELUISEUCENTRE

INGV

NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEMThe National warning system is provided by DPC and

Regions by:•

“Functional Centres”

(Centre for Forecasting and

Surveillance of Effects -

CFSE) CFES’s

collect, elaborate and exchange every kind of data to provide a multiple support system for decisions.

•

“Competence Centres”

(Centre for Technological and Scientific services, development and transfer -

CTS)

CTS’s

are institutions which provide services, information,data, elaborations, technical and scientific contributions for specific topics to share the best practices in risk assessment and management.

INGVINGV

RANRAN

TechnicalTechnicalTeamsTeams

Seismometric network ground

motion

parameters

(event

localization, magnitudo) to

start SIGE

Macroseismic survey

Damage survey and safety assessment

SIGESIGE

Expected structural damageExpected number of casualties

Economic loss evaluation

1 2

6

5 4

1 3

9

7

1 01 1

1

23

1 4

8

OSSOSS

Strong motion networkStrong motion

data to

produce shake maps

Structure monitoring system network for damage evaluation

THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE OFFICE AND OF THE RELATED COMPETENCE CENTRES AR E MONITORED AND SYNTHESISED IN THE FUNCTIONAL CENTRE TO SUPPORT DECISIONS DURING THE THREE PHASES

FUNCTIONAL CENTRE – SEISMIC RISK SECTOR

COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC

•

INGV (Seismic

surveillance, Seismological

research

projects,

Emergency

technical

support)

•

ReLUIS (Earthquake

engineering

research

projects,

Emergency

technical

support)

•

EUCENTRE (Earthquake

engineering

research

projects,

Emergency

technical

support)

1.Premise




5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

Three phases

are envisaged

during

in which

the Civil Protection

must

operate effectively, with

the capability

of managing

each

phase

for

the specific

needs:

• PHASE 1 –

PRE-EVENT (PEACE TIME) • PHASE 2 –

EVENT (EMERGENCY)

• PHASE 3 –

POST-EVENT (RECOVERING)

PHASES, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES

When: always, but

less

intensively

when

some event

occurs

Objectives:Reduction

of the seismic

risk

through:

−

Improvement

of the antiseismic

standard of new constructions, infrastructures

and plants.

−

Reduction

of the vulnerability

of existing

modern

and historical

structures, infrastructure

and plants.

−

Razionalisation

of the use

of the territory

and redistribution

in relation to

the basic seismicity, the

local

amplification

and the coseismic

effects.−

Preparation

of phases

2 and 3 activities

−

Improvement

of the population

awareness

and preparedness

to

seismic

events

PHASE 1: PRE – EVENT (PEACE TIME)

When: at the occurrence

of an

earthquake, from

the time of the event

up to

some weeks

or months

after (depending

on the intensity).

Objectives:Rapid

collection

of information on the event, including

all

seismological, engineering, economical

and social issues, in order

to: - optimise

emergency

operations,

- plan the re-construction

actions, - generally

improve

knowledge

- promote

research

activities.

PHASE 2: EVENT (EMERGENCY)

When:after an

earthquake, from

some days

up to

some months

after

the event.

Objectives:Setting

up and monitoring

the re-construction

activities

for

an

effective

management aimed

to: -

limit

the population

disease

(recovering

time),

-

optimise

fund

allocation

and distribution

for

the reconstruction.

PHASE 3: POST- EVENT (RECOVERING)

SEISMIC PREVENTION

Significant innovation and action programs for seismic risk reduction are usually introduced just after destructive earthquakes, when society is devastated and the risk is highly perceived.

31st of october 2002: San Giuliano EarthquakeOrdinanceOrdinance PCM n. 3274PCM n. 3274 -- 20 march 200320 march 2003First First elementselements on general on general criteriacriteria forfor the the seismicseismic classificationclassification of the National of the National TerritoryTerritory and and TechnicalTechnical normsnorms forfor the the structuresstructures in in seismicseismic areasareas

Immediate and Immediate and integratedintegrated responseresponse toto the the needsneeds of of updatingupdating twotwo fundamentalfundamental normative normative toolstools forfor seismicseismic riskrisk mitigationmitigation and introduce a new one and introduce a new one forfor existingexisting constructionsconstructions: :

1.1. SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION SEISMIC CLASSIFICATION 70% of the 70% of the territoryterritory in in mediummedium--toto--highhigh seismicity seismicity areasareas (vs. (vs. previousprevious 45%)45%)

2.2. SEISMIC CODE SEISMIC CODE new new standardsstandards harmonisedharmonised withwith EC8EC8

3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public 3. SEISMIC ASSESSMENT of public buildingsbuildings and and infrastructuresinfrastructures

SEISMIC PREVENTION

1908 After Messina earthquake (83,000 cas., Ms=7.3) the first seismic zonation and building seismic code were issued. 1980 Irpinia earthquake (3000 casualties, Ms= 6.9): a new zonation based on a consistent probabilistic approach was enforced,

19091909 19751975 19811981--8484

SEISMIC ZONATION AND SEISMIC CODES IN ITALY

1984

New seismic zoningand building code

2003

Working group set up by the Civil Protection Department

NSS processing 2003

high seismicity

middle seismicity

low seismicity

very low seismicity

IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC ZONING

SEISMIC ITALIAN CODES

Until 2003 the Italian seismic code remained unclear in its basic scopes.

A behavior factor of about 4-6 was implicitly assumed for most structural types, without enforcing adequate detailing.

The ductility concept was not explicitly reported in the code.

Few information was given about assessing, upgrading or retrofitting existing buildings

Seismic action expressed by elastic response spectra with defined probability of exceedance; Effects of soil amplification;Expected performances of the structure;Influence of structure characteristics, like geometry, regularity and constructive rules, on ductility;Influence of ductility on the design action;Rules to consider fragile and ductile components;

IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC CODE

Rules of capacity design;Seismic isolation and energy dissipation;Both linear and non linear analysis allowed;Proper attention devoted to existing buildings.

The recognition

of the safety

state of important

structures

has

been

started to

be

concluded

in 5 years

(art.2 comma 3 OPCM 3274/2003) deadline

recently extended to 2010

1) Buildings and infrastructural contructions of strategical importance, whose operability during and after seismic events is fundamental the civil protection scopes.

MUNICIPIO

2) Buildings and infrastructural constructions which can assume great importance in relation to the consequences of their collapse

Headquarters

Town halls, Hospitals

Churches

Schools

Bridges

IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: SEISMIC ASSESSMENT

ORDER OF MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

75.000 buildings, 35.000 of which in zones 1 and 2

Zona sismica (2003) 1 2 3 4

Aliquota di popolazione. 5.3% 35.4% 25.7% 33.6%

Destinazione d’uso (Volumi stimati (milioni di m3))

Istruzione 20.5 130.0 94.9 123.6

Civile 9.4 49.8 36.8 47.4

Sanità 4.9 24.9 18.5 23.8

Infrastructures and lifelines, commercial and industrial buildings should be added to the above estimates


Seismic zonePopulation

Education

Public HealthCivil use

Use (Volume millions of m3)

Almost 7000 seismic safety verifications and more than 200 retrofitting interventions have been funded until now, since 2004.

Though significant, these figures represent only a small part of the strategic and relevant constructions potentially involved in this process.

About 42.000 public schools exist in Italy and their retrofitting costs are of the order of several

billions of euros. An initial program has been funded with about 500 million euros to upgrade

or retrofit the most risky schools.


DPC and Regions created a Working Group with the to produce Guidelines for Seismic Microzonation in:

•

Urban planning,•

Emergency planning

•

Seismic design

Modular approach:

•

level 1 homogeneous microzones

(qualitative), •

level 2 “ “ (quantitative)

•

level 3 level 2 + local in depth investigations

Synthesis and exploitation of the experiences

IMPLEMENTED ACTIONS: MICROZONATION GUIDELINES

“Building a culture of prevention is not easy.

While the costs of prevention have to be paid in the present, its benefits lie in a distant future. Moreover, the benefits are not tangible;

THEY ARE THE DISASTERS THAT DID NOT HAPPEN. "

UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan: "Introduction to Secretary-General's Annual Report on the Work of the Organization of United Nations, 1999" (document A/54/1)

SEISMIC PREVENTION :

AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS

STUDIES AND TRAINING

Awareness Campaigns

Informing people on risk and prevention, by describing the behaviour to adopt in case of earthquake.

INFORMATION ACTIVITIES

1915 Avezzano1915 Avezzano

1930 Alta Irpinia1930 Alta Irpinia

1883 Ischia1883 Ischia

Recovering historic memory1919 Mugello1919 Mugello

Historical research on the strongest Italian earthquakes


Education to risk

Divulgation tools on earthquake, seismic risk and prevention (books, multimedia, leaflets, exhibitions)


Edurisk Project (DPC-INGV)

4 – 7 years

8 – 10 anni

11 – 13 yearsFor primary and secondary school


FOLIGNO FOLIGNO 26 26 SeptemberSeptember 20072007

TRAVELING EXHIBITIONEARTHQUAKES OF ITALY

MESSINA MESSINA 28 28 DecemberDecember

20082008

SEISMIC SIMULATORS

E' un improvviso e rapido scuotimento della crosta terrestre provocato dai movimenti delle zolle o placche in cui è suddiviso l'involucro esterno

della Terra (litosfera).

Cosa è una scossa di terremoto ?

Quando lo sforzo a cui sono sottoposte le rocce, a seguito dei movimenti delle zolle, supera il loro limite di resistenza, esse si rompono lungo superfici chiamate faglie. L'energia accumulata, prima della rottura, si libera sotto forma di onde sismiche che si propagano in tutte le direzioni dalla zona origine, in profondità, fino sulla superficie (come quando si lancia un sasso nello stagno). Il terremoto, come l'attività vulcanica, e' la manifestazione della continua trasformazione ed evoluzione del nostro pianeta.

Faglia diretta

Faglia inversa

Faglia trascorrenteIpocentro

Epicentro

LARGE SCREEN WITH SCIENTIFIC HINTS

SEISMIC DEVICE EXHIBITION

OLD FILMS ON PAST EARTHQUAKES

COVERS OF OLD MAGAZINES

FIRST PAGE OF NEWSPAPERS

SEISMIC MONITORING DEMOS

LABORATORY FOR CHILDREN

MODERN ART MASTERPIECES

“After all, it is not the Nature that has piled up twenty thousand houses of six- seven stories there ”

(J.J. Rousseau, 1756 after the earthquake of Lisbon)

APHORISMS AND POSTCARDS

SIMULATION EXERCISE: EUROSOT October 13-14, 2005

European exercise on a strong earthquake in Italy, involving five countries.

Scope: testing the capacity of the Italian and European civil protection systems.

Scenario earthquake: Magnitude 6.8, South-Eastern Sicily (where a 7.4 Eq occurred in 1693)

Two working areas:Seismic Working AreaIndustrial Working Area Seismic Hazard map 2004

PARTICIPATION OF USAR TEAMS AND EXPERTS

France

15 units

–

2 K9

Greece

14 units

-

1 K9

Portugal

15 units

-

3 K9

Sweden

20 units

-

2 K9 -

military

aircraft

United

Kingdom

16 units

Cyprus

Latvia

Belgium

Austria The Netherlands

Bulgaria

Lithuania

Poland

Finland

Hungary

Germany

Estonia

Jordan

Morocco

Palestine

Lebanon

Tunisia

Syria

Algeria

Turkey

Egypt

INTERNATIONAL OBSERVERS FROM 22 COUNTRIES

Russian

Federation

TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE EVENT AND POST-EVENT PHASE

2’5’

EPICENTER AND MAGNITUDE EVALUATION

Collecting and processing seismometric network data (INGV)

15’60’

SIMULATED SIMULATED DAMAGE DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS MONITORING SYSTEMS

Software simulation of the Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building strategic building accelerometricaccelerometric datadata

6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTSCOSEISMIC EFFECTS

Site evaluation of Site evaluation of MercalliMercalli Intensity, Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefactionsurface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURESAND STRUCTURES

Installing of temporary soil Installing of temporary soil accelerometricaccelerometric stations and stations and structure monitoring systemsstructure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m

POST POST –– EARTHQUAKE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT

Building inspections for damage and Building inspections for damage and usability assessmentusability assessment

POST-EVENT TIMETABLE OF TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES

About 300 stations send data in real time to the INGV-DPC Seismic Monitoring Centre

Multisensor Station: Broad Band Seismometer + Accelerometer + GPS

REAL TIME EARTHQUAKE MONITORING SYSTEM INGV-DPC

Example M 4.0First locations after 30”Final after 120-200”ML based on 159 channels

Information to DPC in 2’ max

2’5’


Collecting and processing of seismometric network data (INGV)

15’60’

SIMULATED DAMAGE SCENARIOS AND DATA PROCESSING OF MONITORING SYSTEMS

Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions, Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h



6 h 3 m



24 h 6 m




In case of an earthquake, of magnitude 4 or more, an automatic procedure is immediately activated by DPC to produce data, maps, and information concerning:

–

Description of the area (anthropic, physical and administrative aspects; characteristics of buildings and infrastructures; monitoring networks)

–

Vulnerability (building stock, schools, hospitals)–

Hazard (seismogenic

zones, catalogue,

isoseismals, attenuation)–

Preliminary evaluation of damage and losses

SIGE - Information System for Emergency Management and simulated scenarios

Maps and reports

ING seism. network

SIGE

DPC

Emergency Management

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS

SummarySummary

report report forfor

the the evaluationevaluation

of the impact of the of the impact of the earthquakeearthquake, , usedused

toto

activateactivate

differentdifferent

levelslevels

of of ““alarmalarm””, , accordingaccording

toto

the the expectedexpected

seismicseismic

damagedamage

rankedranked

in a 0in a 0--5 scale.5 scale.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: SIGE - DAMAGE SCENARIOS

Definitions in a seismic emergency scale Effects Actions Involved subjects

2’5’


Collecting and processing of seismometric network data by INGV

15’60’


Software simulation of the earthquake impact on constructions,Collecting and processing of soil and strategic building accelerometric data

6 h 150 h



6 h 3 m



24 h 6 m




typical typical arrangement arrangement of a stationof a station

213 213 digital stations connected via GPRS/GSMdigital stations connected via GPRS/GSM

1111

remote digital stationsremote digital stations

130130

scheduled digital stations scheduled digital stations (within 2008)(within 2008)

119119

analogicanalogic

stations are not includedstations are not included in the mapin the map

In the near

future: 570 (20 km grid) digital

stations

connected

in real time

DPC – STRONG MOTION NETWORK (RAN)

A permanent monitoring network in selected strategic constructions measures their seismic vibrations, in order to detect their earthquake – induced damage.

Central Unit in the DPC headquarters

Remote Unit informs Central Unit

Data Processing Damage Assessment

Sensorson the ground

Central Unit recovers recorded data

Remote

Unit

USE Schools Hospitals Town Hall Others

% 51 21 20 8

TYPE OF STRUCTURE

R/C buildings

Masonry buildings Bridges

% 65 25 10

DPC - SEISMIC OBSERVATORY OF STRUCTURES (OSS)

2’5’



15’60’



6 h 150 h

SITE SURVEYS FOR MACROSEISMIC AND COSEISMIC EFFECTS

Site evaluation of Mercalli Intensity, Geological surveys for landslides, surface faulting and soil liquefaction

6 h 3 m



24 h 6 m




Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to Technical teams carry out a quick damage survey to produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the produce a macroseismic map of the territory and identify the most affected areasmost affected areas

Macroseismic

map of the Molise earthquake (October 31, 2002, with an Mw 5.7 shock).

The earthquake affected an area of about 1700 Kmq

with a

population of 370,000

MACROSEISMIC SURVEY (QUEST)

Technical teams carry out surveys aimed at recognising, mapping and evaluating earthquake effects on the natural environment:•

landslides

•

surface faulting and fracturing•

soil liquefactions

Retaining wall failureUmbria-Marche, Italy, 1997

Surface faulting Irpinia, Italy, 1980

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

2’5’



15’60’



6 h 150 h



6 h 3 m

TEMPORARY MONITORING OF SOIL AND STRUCTURES

Installing of temporary soil accelerometric stations and structure monitoring systems

24 h 6 m




Portable instrument (mobile network)

In order to increase the amount of strong motion data during the aftershocks, a mobile strong motion network is installed in the epicentral area

TEMPORARY STRONG MOTION MONITORING

GSM – serv.SMS

Serial Serial ModemModem

GPSGPS

Acceleration PEAKS

ACCELEROGRAMS

GSM – serv.SMS

roofing floor

surrounding land BUILDING

master

slaveslave

visual contact

Typical sensor layout for temporary monitoring of buildings

The upper floor is monitored with two radio-linked biaxial sensors. A triaxial is added in the surrounding land.

Elaborations are made in local mode and immediately transmitted.

TEMPORARY MONITORING OF STRUCTURES

To keep under control some fundamental strategic buildings in the affected area (hospitals, etc.) and detect any damage due to aftershocks, 10 monitoring systems are installed after an earthquake

LESE

Epicentral

area

Specialized teams measure crustal deformations associated to large magnitude seismic events, by comparing coordinates and inferring the coseismic deformation field, if GPS data before the event are available. Units from different institutions are coordinated.

GPS measurements for Molise 2002 earthquake.

GEODETIC SURVEY

2’5’



15’60’



6 h 150 h



6 h 3 m



24 h 6 m

POST – EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT

Building inspections for damage and usability assessment.Temporary houses.


USABILITYPost-earthquake usability evaluation is a quick and temporarily limited assessment, based on expert judgement of specially trained technical teams, on visual screening and on easily collected data, aimed to detect if, during the current seismic crisis, damaged buildings can be used, being reasonably safeguarded the human life.

A) USABLE Building can be used without measures. Small damage, but negligible risk for human life.

B) USABLE WITH COUNTERMEASURES

Building is damaged, but can be used when short term countermeasures are taken

C) PARTIALLY USABLE Only a part of the building can be safely used

D) TEMPORARILY UNUSABLE

Building to be re-inspected. Unusable until the new inspection.

E) UNUSABLE Building can not be used due to high structural, non structural or geotechnical risk for human life. Not necessarily imminent risk of total collapse.

F) UNUSABLE FOREXTERNAL RISK

Building could be used, but it cannot due the high risk caused by external factors (heavy damaged adjacent or facing buildings, possible rock falls, etc.)

POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT

MayorMayor

Damage survey and safety assessment procedure PROCEDURE

1. citizen ask Mayor for survey

2. Mayor gathers the requests and transmits to the Operative Center

3. Operative Center (OC) sends technical teams

4. technicians assess damage & safety, report to Mayor and OC

5. Mayor decides on building evacuation and provisional intervention

Citizens’ request Citizens’ request

O.C.O.C. TeamsTeams

SurveySurvey

Assessment resultAssessment result

STRATEGIC BUILDINGS

City Hall

CHURCHES & MONUMENTSHOUSES

1

2 3

4

5

POST-EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/USABILITY ASSESSMENT

2’5’



15’60’



6 h 150 h



6 h 3 m



24 h 6 m

POST – EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT

Building inspections for damage and usability assessment.Temporary houses.


POST-EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES

S. GIULIANO DI PUGLIA - 2002INSTALLATION OF TEMPORARY PREFABRICATED TIMBER HOUSES

1.Premise




5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

COMPETENCE CENTRES OF DPC

•

INGV (Seismic

surveillance, Seismological

research

projects,

Emergency

technical

support)

•

ReLUIS (Earthquake

engineering

research

projects,

Emergency

technical

support)

•

EUCENTRE (Earthquake

engineering

research

projects,

Emergency

technical

support)

In the past

three

years, DPC research

funds

amounted

to

about

10 M€

/ year

Project S1 Project S1 –– SeismicSeismic hazardhazard mapsmaps

Project S2 Project S2 –– SeismogenicSeismogenic potentialpotential

Project S3 Project S3 –– EarthquakeEarthquake ScenariosScenarios

Project S4 Project S4 –– ShakemapsShakemaps

DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2007

Project S5 Project S5 –– DisplacementDisplacement

spectraspectra

Project S6 Project S6 –– Strong Strong MotionMotion DataBaseDataBase

Project SV Project SV –– Educational Educational pathspaths

forfor seismicseismic and and volcanicvolcanic riskrisk

DPC-INGV Projects 2004-2006

39% T100 22% T200

5% T975 2% T247510% T475

63% T50

DPC-INGV–S1 Project 2004-06 ag for different probabilities (Treturn)M. Dolce

Tr = 475 anni Mediana

HazardHazard through through spectralspectral ordinatesordinates

Project Project DPCDPC--INGVINGV––S1 S1 20042004--0606

T=0.3s

T=0.75s

T=1.5sM. Dolce

ag, Fo and T*C values are drawn

from

response

spectra

of Project DPC- INGV-S1.

The elastic spectral shape is

the same

as

EC8 and minimises

the differences

with

respect

to

the uniform

probability spectra

for

several

exceedance

probabilities in 50 years.

Spettro di risposta 10%/50 anni ID 20979 (43.585, 13.49)

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0 0,5 1 1,5 2

T (sec)

Se(T

) (g)

50 percentile84 percentile

16 percentileNTC 08

aagg

aagg FF00

T*T*CC

TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS TECHNICAL CODE FOR CONSTRUCTIONS --200820083.3. Design Design actionsactions

M. Dolce

Map of spectral displacement at 2 s, for 475 years return period and stiff soil(project DPC-INGV-S5)

16 percentile 50 percentile 84 percentile

The 2007-2009 Agreement between the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) includes 5 Projects in Seismology funded by DPC with € 5 250 000 in two years. They are carried out with the contribution of the national and international scientific community.

2007-2009 DPC-INGV Agreement

S1 Analysis of the seismic potential in Italy for the evaluation of the seismic hazard

Coordinators: S. Barba (INGV -

RM1) and C. Doglioni

(University of Roma "La Sapienza")DPC Tutors: D. Di Bucci and R. De Nardis

The S1 project integrates instrumental and historical seismology, earthquake geology, off-fault/marine paleoseismology, earthquake geodesy, neotectonic models, and earthquake probabilities with the aim of determining the seismic hazard.

0o 5oE 10oE 15oE 20oE 25oE

36oN

39oN

42oN

45oN

48oN

S2 Development of a dynamical model for seismic hazard assessment at national scale

Coordinators: W. Marzocchi (INGV -

BO) and E. Faccioli (Politecnico, Milano)DPC Tutors: F. Sabetta and A. Lucantoni

The main objective of this project is to design, test and apply an open- source code for seismic hazard assessment (SHA) primarily suited for the needs of CP. Basically, the code should allow:1. an easy updating of SHA, depending on the availability of new

data and models,

2. the use of different scientific “ingredients”, 3. a formal evaluation of uncertainty in SHA,4. a multi-parameter output.

S3Fast evaluation of parameters and effects of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean

Coordinators: A.Michelini

(INGV -

CNT) and A.Emolo

(Univ. of Napoli “Federico II”)DPC Tutors: R. Giuliani and F. Bramerini

Strong motionand broadband stations in Italy.

Example of shakemaps for the Mugello M4.2 earthquake, 1th March 2008, 7:43 UTC.

Aimed at getting a fast, clear and objective assessment of the impact of an earthquake on the Italian territory, through shakemaps in terms of PGA, PGV, PSA and Modified Mercalli Intensities (MMI). The project addresses also the fast determination of the source parameters (earthquake hypocenter and size) and of the tsunamigenic potential for M > 6 earthquakes.

S4Italian Strong Motion Database

Coordinators: F. Pacor

(INGV -

MI) and R. Paolucci

(Politecnico, Milano)DPC Tutors: A. Gorini and A. De Sortis

New standard for site description

The new Italian strong-motion database contains 2182 three-component waveforms generated by 1004 earthquakes, with Mwmax 6.9 (1980 Irpinia earthquake). It can be accessed on-line at the site http://itaca.mi.ingv.it. The extension of the project is promoted, to update the data set up to 2008 and improve the seismic event and recording site metadata.

S5 High resolution multi-disciplinary monitoring of active fault test-sites areas in Italy

Coordinators: L. Margheriti (INGV -

CNT) and A. Zollo

(University of Napoli "Federico II")DPC Tutors: Sandro Marcucci and Mario Nicoletti

Aimed at supporting the ongoing research on three Italian test sites where advanced monitoring geophysical networks are available or under construction.

The main general objective is to improve the understanding of earthquake generation processes in Italy and to define the seismic rates in the three selected test sites by developing and applying innovative methodologies to databanks gathered by multi-

disciplinary geophysical networks.

Università di Pavia

Eucentre

1 DOF, Large mass table:5x7 mq, 300tm, 1-1.5 m/sL-shaped reaction wall

Università della Basilicata Large reaction wall:Real Scale

Pseudodynamic Tests

ENEAUTS MAT

6 DOF:4x4 mq, 20 t, 0.5 m/s

Università di Trento

Large reaction wall:Real Scale

Pseudodynamic Tests

2 DOF, Dual table system:2 tables 3x3 mq, 20tx2,5m, 1.0 m/s

Università di Napoli

Federico II AMRA

RELUIS (Network of Eq. Engineering University Labs)

10 research projects127 Research Unitsin 40 UniversitiesMore than 1000 researchers involved

RELUIS Consortium

Project Coordination RU

Research Units

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008

MAIN RESEARCH AREAS

•

Vulnerability of Existing Structures

•

Advanced Design Criteria

•

New Technologies on Risk Mitigation

•

Emergency Management

DPC-RELUIS Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

PRODUCTS•

Proposals for seismic code improvement

•

Proposals for new norms•

Guide-lines for innovative approaches

•

Handbooks and codes of practice•

Advanced methods and procedures for seismic assessment and design

•

Data Bases


•

VULNERABILITY OF EXISTING STRUCTURES:

1.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing masonry buildings

2.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing R/C buildings

3.Evaluation and reduction of the vulnerability of existing bridges


Seismic

behaviour

of complex buildings

Characteristics

and behaviour

of masonry

walls

Models

and analysis

methods

for masonry

buildings

MASONRY BUILDINGS

R/C CONSTRUCTIONS

•

Non-destructive methods for material characterisation

•

Calibration of confidence factors•

Irregular buildings

•

Mixed structure (masonry-R/C) buildings•

Influence of masonry infills

•

Stairs•

Beam-column joints

•

Columns under biaxal flexure•

Prefabricated structures

BRIDGES

•

Structural type classification•

Assessment methods for different types

•

Retrofitting criteria: strengthening and isolation

•

Analysis and safety evaluation of abutments, retaining structures and foudations

•

Case studies of different types of bridge

•

ADVANCED DESIGN CRITERIA:4.Development of Displacement Based Approaches

for design and vulnerability evaluation

5.Development of innovative design approaches for steel and steel-concrete structures

6.Innovative methods for the design of retaining structures and slope stability evaluation


DISPLACEMENT-BASED APPROACHES

•

R/C frame, wall-frame and prefabricated structures

•

Masonry, timber, steel and composite new structures

•

New and existing bridges•

Seimic isolated buildings and bridges

•

Retaining walls

Defining principles and rules for the development of a code-model for design and safety evaluation of structures, in terms of displacements.A code-model and a wide variety of case-studies will be developed for several kinds of structures:

STEEL AND COMPOSITE CONCRETE-STEEL STRUCTURES

BRACES

JOINTS

INFILLS

MEMBERS

GEOTECHNICAL PROBLEMS

•

Slope stability•

Deep foundations

•

Urban tunnels and deep dig•

Underground structures and tunnels

•

NEW TECHNOLOGIES ON RISK MITIGATION:

7.Technologies for seismic isolation and control of structures and infrastructures

8.Advanced materials for the reduction of the vulnerability of existing structures


SEISMIC ISOLATION AND CONTROL

•

Seismic isolation design and devices•

Energy dissipation

•

Tuned mass systems•

Semi-active control

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

25

ω

(rad/sec)

Magnitudo

Prima forma modaleT=1.83 secξ1

=0.0188

Seconda forma modaleT=1.64 secξ1 =0.0210

Sistema isolato(Funzione di trasferimento relativa allo spostamento degli isolatori)

Sistema isolato + TMD(Funzione di trasferimento relativa allo spostamento degli isolatori)

ADVANCED MATERIALS

•

Cyclic behavior of FRP strengthened R/C members

•

Bonding and delamination problems•

Confinement of columns and bridge piers

•

FRP strengthened beam-column joints•

FRP strengthened masonry panels

•

use of FRP in monumental structures

•

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT:9.Monitoring and early warning of strategic

structures and infrastructures

10.Definition and development of data bases for the seismic risk evaluation and the preparation of post-event damage scenarios


MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING OF STRATEGIC STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES

DEVELOPMENT OF DB AND DAMAGE SCENARIOS

Ordinary buildingsStrategic buildings

Monuments

Historical centres

Emergency planning and managementUrban systems

Infrastructures

PE-1 PE-2 PE-3 PE-4 PE-5 PE-6 PE-7 PE-8 PE-9

practitioners

industry

consultants

Contracts

data

RESEARCH PROJECTS

RELUIS INGV

PRINREGIONIPRIVATI…

EUCENTRE (EUropean CENtre for Training and Research in Earthquake engineering)

•

Numerical-experimental evaluation of the seismic code provisions for existing masonry and R/C buildings

•

Priority strategies for existing buildings•

Seismic design of harbor structures

•

Strategies and activities for the seismic risk awareness•

Numerical-experimental evaluation of prefabricated structures

•

3D push-over analysis•

Experimental analysis of the behaviour of bridge bearings under seismic actions

•

Tools for the characterisation of sites and structures

DPC-EUCENTRE Research Program 2005-2008 - Projects

PROJECTS’ ISSUES

1.Premise




5. Conclusion

OUTLINE

CONCLUSION (1)

•

General growth of interest on EE and Seismology, •

General increase of the scientific quality of research in these fields,

Main drawbacks were:•

Inadequate finalisation of the products,

•

Some inconsistencies of the results not solved within the research groups –consensus not reached.

The long Italian experience of scientific research on seismic risk problems, finalised to CP use, results in a positive balance. Main benefits from research-CP interaction in the previous 25 years (1978-2003) period were:

CONCLUSION (2)

•

More well-structured CP-finalised research, •

Best coordination among RU’s for CP-objectives achievement,

•

Products of ready use (e.g.: spectral hazard maps, Strong Motion DB, Seismic code provisions, Guidelines, etc.),

•

Substantial increase of experimental investigations,•

Substantial increase of data exchanging and comparisons in large groups,

•

Achievement of consensus on results.

Progress achieved in the research-CP interaction in the past 5 years (2003-08) period are:

CONCLUSION (3)

•

Define suitable objectives of CP-funded research, respondent to CP needs and consistent with the state- of-the-art,

•

Set up programmes whose costs are acceptable,•

Utilise correctly the results in the general CP framework,

•

Cooperate in project developments, to better understand actual problems and find the best solutions for CP aims.

A smart interface between scientific and CP communities is necessary, in order to:

CONCLUSION (4)

•

Monitor soil and structures with mobile instrumentation, to evaluate aftershock effects,

•

survey earthquake effects on natural (landslides, liquefactions, soil fractures, etc.) and built environment (macroseismic survey, damage assessment, etc.).

In the future, a structured involvement of CTS’s

is envisaged even in the emergency phase to:

Also in post-event activities important synergies could be established between research and CP:

EARTHQUAKES REPRESENT FULL SCALE EXPERIMENTS THAT PROVIDE SIGNIFICANT AND

STIMULATING HINTS FOR SCIENTISTS.

THANKS

FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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