Civil Pp11

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CHAPTER 11

Profiles

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Civil Drafting Technology, 7thedition

Madsen, Shumaker, and Madsen

2010 Pearson Higher Education,

Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved.2

Profiles Provide an outline of a cross section of the earth. Section view projected from the plan view. Used to represent differences in elevation and describe

geographical features.

Used in a variety of civil engineering projects, including: Road grade layout Cut-and-fill calculations Pipeline layouts Site excavations Dam and reservoir layout

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Traditional Profile Leveling

Finding elevation using a level, tripod, and alevel rod.

Surveying the route of a linear feature such as a

road, highway, utility line, railroad, or canal. Elevations are identified along the center of the

route in reference to station points (similar to

grid survey).

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Profiles

VERTICAL SCALE

HORIZONTAL SCALE

START POINT OF LINE (A)

END POINT OF LINE (B)

SLOPE

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Measurements are taken at the station points

indicated on the map.

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Profile leveling field notes include the station

value and elevation at each station.

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Traditional Profile Leveling Plotting the profile:

1. Identify a horizontal scale, and draw vertical grid lines at each point. The horizontal scale is defined by the station points used in the survey, such as 0+00,

0+50, 1+00, etc. for stations that are 50 feet apart.

2. Identify a vertical scale, and draw horizontal grid lines. The vertical scale is often exaggerated to provide a clear picture of the shape of the land.

Determine the vertical scale based on the relief of the map, the map scale, and the purposeof the profile.

3. Plot elevation points at each station point (vertical grid lines), based on theelevation listed in the field notes.

4. Connect elevation points with a smooth curve (spline).

5. Add horizontal and vertical scale information, and pattern the ground that iscross-sectioned (hatch) if required.

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Plotting the profile:

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Plan and Profile

A type of drawing that contains a plan view of

a civil engineering project, and a profile of the

plan.

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Plan and Profile

Light rail tracks:

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Plan and Profile

Underground utilities:

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Constructing a Profile:

Straight Sewer Line Example

1. Create the plan layout. See Figure 11-6a.

2. Project end points of the sewer line into the new

profile area. Project other features, such as

maintenance holes, into the profile. Createvertical grid lines based on the distance required

between station points. See Figure 116b.

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3. Determine the lowest and highest elevations and thenestablish the bottom outline of the profile. Identify avertical scale, and add horizontal grid lines. See Figure116c.

The vertical scale is often exaggerated to provide a clearpicture of the shape of the land. Determine the vertical scale based on the relief of the map,

the map scale, and the purpose of the profile. Use a scale appropriate for the sheet size, or use a ratio of

10:1 (if the horizontal scale is 1 = 50, the vertical scalewould be 1 = 5).

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4. Project all elevations required at manholes,

such as grade (GRD) and invert elevation

(I.E., bottom inside of pipe) to intersect the

appropriate vertical line projected from theplan. See Figure 116d. Within the profile,

dots indicate where these elevations apply.

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5. Draw lines representing features such as the grade

and the sewer line. See Figure 11-6e.

6. Apply symbols and labels as required (shown).

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Constructing Profiles:

Curved Lines

Same procedure as constructing a profile using

a straight line, except the curved line (cutting

plane) must be redefined as a straight line.

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Profile Terms and Symbols

Certain standard profile symbols and terms are usedfrequently.

Standards are sometimes modified as needed. Full station points points established by surveyors

every 100 ft. The first station point is 00 + 00, then 1 +00, 2 + 00, and so on.

Maintenance holes are abbreviated MH, followed by anassigned number.

Invert elevation (I.E.) represents the bottom inside ofthe pipe, and is always found on the profile.

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Profile Terms and Symbols The distance between station points and the amount of slope are often

indicated in the profile just above the pipe. The size of the pipe isgiven first, and then the distance between maintenance holes,followed by the slopein this case, vertical drop in feet to horizontalrun per foot.

Grade an established elevation, such as road grade. Given with themanhole number and station value in the plan view. In some cases, the plan may be located to the left of the drawing,

with the profile on the right. The profile always appears as a straightline or flat plane, but the plan view may show several turns in thepipe.

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Madsen Shumaker and Madsen



Chapter 11 Activities

Chapter 11 Test

Chapter 11 Problem P11-2, P11-4.

Civil Pp11

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