City’s Ecological Footprint Report, vol.1

Kyoto City’s Ecological Footprint

Human well-being depends on natural resources such as water, arable land, �sh and wood; and ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling and erosion control. Our demands on nature are unsustainable and increasing. We all need to play a role in keeping this living planet-with food, water and energy for all, and the vibrant ecosystems that sustain life on Earth.WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature. We are now in a crucial era where we should connect and take action to protect the future of our one and only planet.The Ecological Footprint, a resource accounting tool, tells us how much stress our lifestyle places on the environment.Kyoto City has become Japan’s �rst local government to calculate its own Ecological Footprint on an experimental basis. The following is a summary of key �ndings from the Kyoto City’s Ecological Footprint research.

Preserve Natural Capital

One Planet Solutions

Equitable Resource GovernanceRedirect Financial Flows

Healthy CommunitiesProduce Better and Consume More Wisely

2016

REPORTJPN

Fishing grounds

Built-up landGrazing landCropland

Carbon FootprintForest land

If everyone in the world lived the same way as an average Japanese citizen, we would need 2.2 planets.If everyone in the world continues to live the same way as they do now, we would need 1.5 planets.*

＊This means we are in global ecological overshoot. Overshoot occurs when humanity’s demand on nature exceeds the available biological capacity of the planet.

The carbon Footprint is the largest component of Kyoto City’s Footprint, as is also the case with Japan.

Results

If everyone in the world lived the same way as an average Kyoto citizen, we would need 2.0 planets.

Ecological Footprint in Kyoto City is

30% higher than the global average,10% lower than the Japan average

The carbon component makes up 64% of Kyoto City’s Ecological Footprint.

A breakdown of the household component in Kyoto City shows larger portions of “transportation” and “food”.

A breakdown of the household component in Kyoto City (2010)

Ecological Footprint by Land Use Types

FoodFood

Alcoholic beverage,

tobaccoA

lcoholic beverage, tobacco

Health

Health

Transportation

Transportation

Com

munication

Com

munication

Recreation and

cultureR

ecreation and culture

Education

Education

Miscellaneous

Goods and Services

Miscellaneous

Goods and Services

Housing, w

ater, electricity, gas and other fuels

Housing, w

ater, electricity, gas and other fuels

Household furnishings,

equipment

Household furnishings,

equipment

Restaurants and

hotelsR

estaurants and hotels

Clothing and

footwear

Clothing and

footwear

World

Japan

Kyoto City

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00(gha/person)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0(gha/person)

■ Carbon Footprint

■ Built-up land

■ Fishing grounds

■ Forest land

■ Grazing land

■ Cropland

■ Japan

■ Kyoto City

■ Food

■ Alcoholic beverage, 　 tobacco

■ Clothing and 　 footwear

■ Housing, water, 　 electricity, 　 gas and other fuels

■ Household furnishings, 　 equipment

■ Health

■ Transportation

■ Communication

■ Recreation and 　 culture

■ Education

■ Restaurants and 　 hotels

■ Miscellaneous 　 Goods and Services

24% lower

45% lower

Food24%

Japan

64%64%

Kyoto City

Transportation34%

Compared to the Japan average, Kyoto City has lower “transportation” and “housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels” components.

Kyoto citizens use trains and buses more often compared with the average of 70 cities in Japan (7.1 points and 2.8 points higher, respectively). The use of cars is signi�cantly low (27.3 points lower than the average). The ratio of bicycles and walk etc. are also high (6.5 points and 7.9 points higher, respectively).

In 2010, the percentage of nuclear power generation was high for electricity distributed to Kyoto citizens and offers, low CO2 emissions. This may have contributed to Kyoto City’s lower Ecological Footprint. However, the Footprint of nuclear power generation has yet to be established and is in a development phase.

Lower “transportation” can be attributed to developed public transportation infrastructure and their use.

It is believed that the lower value for “housing, water, etc.” might be due to the fact that Kyoto City is not situated in a cold region, that the percentage of apartments is 9 points higher than the national average, and that many people use city gas.

Analysis

■Population: 1,474,015■Ordinance-designated city　(since 1956)■Land area: 827㎢

■Population density: 1,782 per square kilometer■Gross Regional Product (In real terms): 　6 trillion 215.3 billion yen.　　　(source; Kyoto City Statistics Portal from Kyoto City Official Website, 2010)

Kyoto City Profile

The Ecological Footprint measures ecological assets that a given population requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates, in a given period of time.

The Ecological Footprint is comprehensively incorporating forest, the ocean, and environmental impacts such as carbon dioxide. It can provide a “visible” understanding that natural resources are �nite. On the other hand, it does not track freshwater intake and consumption of non-renewable resources. It also excludes resources needed by wildlife species.

Japan’s Ecological Footprint by land type is converted into a Consumption Land Use Matrix (CLUM) using an Environmentally Extended Multi-Regional Input Output Analysis. By adjusting it with the city’s household spending and energy ef�ciency data that compare with the national average, Kyoto City’s Ecological Footprint can be obtained. The result re�ects the Kyoto citizens’ consumption, excluding tourist's consumption.

source; “National Footprint Account (NFA),” Consumption Land Use Matrix, Household Expenditure, Consumer Price Index, and carbon emission intensity.

What is the Ecological Footprint? Ecological Footprint CalculationsWhat the Ecological Footprint

can and cannot tell us

Train18.8%

Bus5.2%

Car26.4%

Bicycle18.2%

Walk, others25.8%

Motorcycle5.5%

Walk, others17.9%

Average of 70 citiesin Japan

The number of dwellings in Japan49,598,300

The number and ratio of dwellings by structure

Means of transportationon weekdays

(source; “National Urban Traf�c Characteristics Study 2010.” Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)

(source; “Housing and Land Survey 2008.” Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)

The number of dwellings in Kyoto City658,060

Kyoto

Train11.7%

Bus 2.4%

Car53.7%

Bicycle11.7%

Motorcycle2.6%

Detached Houses27,450,200

55.3%

Detached Houses304,30046.2%

Apartments20,684,300

41.7%

Apartments334,56050.8%

Tenement houses1,329,800

2.7%

Tenement houses17,9902.7%

Japanese cities, including Kyoto City, have a bigger impact on the environment compared to the world average. When we achieve a lower impact with sustainable city development, we can serve as a model for other advanced cities in the world. Speci�cally, it is important to implement our three action guidelines of “Choose ( “Sen” in Japanese), Reduce ( “Gen” ), and Innovate ( “Shin” )” as a lifestyle that takes environmental impact into consideration in every aspect of our life.Collecting and analyzing statistics data that show local features may explain the reasons why Kyoto City’s Ecological Footprint was lower than the national average, and may contribute to the city’s policy development and implementation. More research on the food Footprint is needed to identify an effective means to reduce food loss and the overall food Footprint.

This leaflet utilizes joint surveillance reports by Kyoto City, Global Footprint Network, IDEA Consultants, Inc. and WWF Japan. For further information, please visit WWF Japan website. https://www.wwf.or.jp

Kyoto City’s greenhouse gas emission reduction target:Reduce CO2 emissions by 40% by 2030 based on 1990 levels

If this target is achieved globally and everyone in the world lived the same way as the average Kyoto citizen, the Ecological Footprint will decrease by nearly 30 percent and that requires 1.4 planets. (According to GFN estimate.)

Summary and Recommendations

Let’s have “one planet lifestyle”

Examples of measures

National and Local government

Choose (Sen) Reduce (Gen) Innovate (Shin)

WWF JapanNihonseimei Akabanebashi Bldg. 6Fl. 3-1-14 Shiba, Minato-ku,

Tokyo, Japan Postal Code:105-0014 Tel:+81-3-3769-1711 Fax:+81-3-3769-1717

(issued in June 2016)©1986 Panda symbol WWF ®“WWF” is a WWF Registered Trademark

●Implement environmental policies to promote sustainable lifestyle (housing/food) that has low-impact on the environment

●Set up more ambitious CO2 reduction targets and implement measures

●Implement policies to promote waste reduction

●Develop renewable energy and expand measures to promote its use●Incorporate sustainability index in the

basic environmental policy

Business

●Set up and implement responsible procurement policies to use sustainable raw materials

●Set up and implement CO2 emission reduction target

●Reduce impact on the local environment●Reduce use of natural resources

●Develop or use renewable energy●Technological innovation for more

efficient use of resources

Individual

●Purchase certified items (ex. Marine Stewardship Council : MSC), which assure sustainable production●Purchase energy saving products

●Set air conditioners to appropriate temperatures and use LED lights to reduce CO2

●Reduce food loss

●Provide support for users and suppliers of renewable energy

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50(gha/person)

2010 2020 2030

■ Miscellaneous Goods 　 and Services■ Restaurants and hotels■ Education■ Recreation and culture■ Communication■ Transportation■ Health■ Household furnishings, 　 equipment■ Housing, water, 　 electricity, 　 gas and other fuels■ Clothing and footwear■ Alcoholic beverage, 　 tobacco■ Food

How can we reduce the Ecological Footprint?

wwf.or.jp