City Profile of Madras(Chennai)

P r i t h i v i M o h a n | 2 1 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 | 3 r d y e a r | B . P l a n n i n g Department of PlanningSeminar - I

• The Chennai Metropolis (with a latitudebetween 12°50'49" and 13°17'24", and a longitude between 79°59'53"and 80°20'12") is located on the Coramandal coast in South India and the land is a flat coastal plain.

• Madras, acquired its name from Madraspattinam which is a fishing village situated to the north of Fort St. George.

• 400 years old city.

• Its older name Madras was officially changedto Chennai in 1996.

• 36th metropolitan city all across the world.

• Madras was the first major British settlementin India, and until 1774 was the capital of theentire British Empire in the east.

LOCATION

Connectivity MapSpatial Growth Pattern Of The City

2

Elevation- 6m(20ft)

o In 1522, the Portugese built a port called Sao Tome.o On 22nd August 1639, a small piece of land was purchased by the British East India

Company which is located on the Coromandel Coast.o The city's Corporation, founded in 1687, was the first such governing body to be set

up outside Europe.o Madras soon grew into a settlement of importance but in 1774 the British shifted

their capital to Calcutta, influenced by its proximity to the north, its commercial importance represented by industries such as jute and indigo, and its climate.

o Until Independence, Madras remained the capital of the Madras Presidency, an area that encompassed the whole of south India as well as parts of Maharashtra and Orissa

o Chennai has a very heterogeneous mix of architectural styles ranging from ancient temples to the British colonial era buildings and to the latest modern buildings. Most of the buildings constructed during the colonial era are of the Indo-Sarcenic style.

HISTORY 3

17th century• The population, which was 19,000 in 1646, expanded to 40,000 in 1669.

• Scattered settlements separated by long distances.

• Each settlement grew around the nucleus of a temple and has its own history.

18th century

• During this time, the British found that Triplicane was a good area for settlement and a large number of people moved there.

• The presence of the Nawab of Arcot increased the economic prosperity of the area and more and more Muslims settled in Triplicane. So from that time onwards, it grew in importance, second only, to George Town.

• People started moving in different directions according to their professional activities (weaving, pot making, and trade) and need of space. This also leads to community development.

20th century

• The population of the City increased to 8.6 lakhs by 1941.

• The city occupied an area of about 80 sq.km.

• Radial and Ring pattern of Development as CBD as the center.

• The city was mainly a commercial, military and administrative centre for the entire South India.

• In 1950 the boundary of the City was extended to cover 129sq.kms.

• CBD was George town and Harbor.

Present• George Town and its extension southwards into Anna Salai together constitute

the central business district of the City where most of the wholesale trade, specialised retail trade and banking and financial institutions were located and where commercial activity was intense.

HISTORY 4

19th century

• The city extended over an area of about 70 sq.kms. and had a population of 5.40 lakhs in 1901

• Central station was formed in 1872 and linked to the main line.

• To facilitate trade the harbor was completed in 1896 just to the east of George Town.

UohkomjlkINTRODUCTION

Chennai is known as the "Detroit /.ofIndia" for its automobile industry.

Population - 4.68 million residents (in2011) ., making it the sixth most populouscity in India.

8.9 million, making it the fourth mostpopulous metropolitan area in thecountry and 31st largest urban area in theworld.

Area (CMA) = 1189 sq.km, including core city area 426 sq.km

6LANDUSE

source: draft master plan – ii for Chennai metropolitan area

Existing Landuse 2001

SOUTHERN REGION DEVELOPED

REGION BECAUSE OF GOOD INFRASTRUCTURE LIKE IT COMPANY,

SCHOOLS AND COLLAGES

NORTHERN REGION UNDEVELOPED

REGION BECAUSE ITS FAR FROM CORE CITY AND MAJOR INDUSTRIES ARE LOCATED HERE

54%

7%5%

19%

2%1% 12%

EXISTING LANDUSE 2006 - CHENNAI CITY

Resdential

Commercial

Industrial

Institutional

Open spaceandRecreationAgricultural

Others

22%

1%6%3%

12%

2%

54%

Existing landuse 2006 - Rest of CMA

Resdential

Commercial

Industrial

Institutional

Agricultural

Non urban

Others

Proposed Landuse 2026

33%

14%

4%

16%

4%1%6%1%

21%

Proposed landuse 2026 - chennai city

Primary Residential usezone

Mixed Residential usezone

Commercial use zone

Institutional use zone

Industrial use zone

Special and hazardousIndustrial use zone

29%

12%1%3%7%3%

11%2%

32%

PROPOSED LANDUSE 2026 - REST OF CMA

Primary Residential usezone

Mixed Residential usezone

Commercial use zone

Institutional use zone

Industrial use zone

Special and hazardousIndustrial use zone

Note:Others (Roads, water bodies, hills, Redhills catchments area, forests etc.)

7

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61

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75

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91

0,4

64

1,4

54

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6

1,7

76

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9

2,5

79

,27

6

3,2

76

,62

2

3,8

41

,39

6

4,3

43

,64

5

4,6

46

,73

2

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

DECADAL POPULATION OF CHENNAI CITY

28

78

90

30

43

71

31

94

11

39

83

27

47

63

46

75

68

36

93

42

27 13

54

32

5

16

94

10

7

19

86

27

8

22

19

53

9

23

35

84

4

28

29

61

28

87

61

29

17

33

35

87

24

43

41

18

69

80

60

84

21

02 12

24

95

1

15

82

51

5

18

55

11

8

21

24

10

6

23

10

88

8

1901 1 9 1 1 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

DECADAL POPULATION OF CHENNAI – GENDER WISE

males females

The development of transport

corridors and rail connectivity as early

as 1900s had attracted industrial

developments in the city resulting in

increased growth of population

It extends over 1189 Sq.km. and includes Chennai City Corporation area, 16 Municipalities, 20 Special Village Panchayats and 213 villages comprised in 10 Panchayats Unions.

Area of Chennai

metropolis 426km2

metro 1189km2

density/km2

2001 2011

Chennai 24,963 26,553

Tamil nadu 480 555

India 324 382

Source: census of India

Source: census of India

Source: CDP,chennai3505502

4601566

5818479

7040582

8696010

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Decadal population of CMA

Source: CDP,chennai

DECADAL POPULATION

8

3.90 3.04

23.8720.26

59.80

22.09

45.20

27.04

17.2413.07

6.98

1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

DECADAL GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION Decades 1951-61 and 1961-71. The reasonsfor this rapid growth rate can be attributedto industrial development and increase ineconomic activities and employmentopportunities in the city and its suburbs,attracting large migrant population.

The negative growth during 1971-81is due to the annexation of surrounding Panchayats areas to the city.

85.33

73.45

90.18

80.0974.04

Chennai Tamil nadu India

Literacy rate

Literacy rate 2001 Literacy rate 2011

957

986

943

989996

933

Chennai Tamil nadu India

Sex Ratio

sex ratio 2001 sex ratio 2011

CMA = 76.09 (in 2001) CMA = 956 (in 2001)

90.01 86.6493.7

80.4486.64

64.91

86.77

73.1482.14

65.46

male female male female

2001 2011

Literacy rate

Literacy rate Gender wise

Chennai Tamil nadu India

Source:census2011.co.in

Source: census of India

GROWTH RATE, LITERACY RATE, SEX RATIO

Birth & Death RatesThe registered birth rates in Chennai City in

1971 were 38.6 and varied from 38.6 to

32.1during 1971-76 and have reduced to

22.62 in the year 2003. Similarly the death

rate also reduced to a considerable extent

from 13.1 in 1975 to 8.01 in 2003. The rate of

natural increase declined from 26.3 in 1971

to 14.61 in 2003.Source: CDP,chennai

9

1.55 4.01 1.34 3 16.5

1.5 2.9

27.3734.21

30 3224.3 26.7

98.591.1

71.08

61.7868.66

65

74.766.8

chennai city CMA chennai city CMA chennai city CMA chennai city CMA

1971 1981 1991 2001

Trend of occupational structure Chennai city and CMA

primary secondary tertiary

The workers in primary activity constitute 6.52 percent in CMA and 1.05 percent

in City 1991. In 2001, it was 2.91 percent and 1.52 percent respectively in CMA

and Chennai City indicating that the primary activities are on the decline in the

peripheral areas due to the emergence of manufacturing and new economy

industry.

2001Chennai city CMA

Non workers in Chennai city during 2001

65.73% 69.14%

Occupational structure

10MIGRATION DETAILS

Migrants from other urban areas

constitute 63.4% and only 36.3%are from rural areas.

17.49

26.42

32.84

38.4343.43

6.44 7.810.08 9.18 9.37

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Migration details

total population in lakhs Total migrants

The population of the Chennai City in

1981 was 32.84 lakhs which includes

10.08 lakh migrant population and natural

increase of 5.28 lakhs (for 1971-81)

population; the net population excluding

these works out to 17.48 lakhs whereas

the 1971 population was 26.42 lakhs

which shows that there was a net out

migration of 8.94 lakhs (27%) resident

population from City mostly to the rest of

CMA (during 1971-1981).

Source: CDP,chennai

11PROJECTIONS

Source: draft Master Plan ii short

12INFRASTRUCTURE – TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

The road network of Chennai is dominatedby a radial pattern converging at GeorgeTown, which is the main Central BusinessDistrict (CBD) of the CMA. The road networkis primarily based on the four NationalHighways, leading to Calcutta (NH5),Bangalore (NH4), Thiruvallur (NH 205) andTrichy (NH 45).

Road Network

• Chennai Beach - Tambaram BG line running south-west

• Chennai Central - ThiruvallurB.G.line running west and

• Chennai Central -Gummidipoondi BG line running north

Rail Network

These 3 lines together account for 300,000commuter trips per day.

Bus Transport

The bus transport is being operated byMetropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC),which had a fleet strength of 2,773 buses in2004. They operate 537 routes and carry 36lakhs trips/day. Source: CDP,chennai

Goods Transport The number of goods

vehicles in Chennai has increased from 6,671

in 1980 to 32629 in 2005. According to a

study by MMDA (1985) the main items of

movement are

• Manufactured goods (15.5%),

• Building materials (9.9%),

• Industrial raw materials (9.2%),

• Perishables (9.1%) and

• Parcels (8.5%).

Vehicles and persons trips in CMA

The total number of motor vehicles in CMAhas increased from 144,282 in 1984 to1,674,185 in 2005.

The number of two-wheelers has grownenormously from 87,000 in 1984 to1,266,114 in 2005.

Source: CDP,chennai

29%

5%4%

18%13%

28%1%

2%

DISTRIBUTION OF PERSON TRIPS BY MODE - 2004 Bus train car 2W cycle walk others IPT

Source: CDP,chennai

According to the CTTS (1992-95),• the per capita trip rate is 1.30 per day

and the trip rate per household is 5.88 per day.

• On a typical weekday 7.45 million trips by a variety of travel modes for various purposes.

In a group of 100, 38 travels by bus, 4 by train, and 30 by walk, 14 by cycle, 7 by two wheeler, 2 by car and 5 by other modes.

13INFRASTRUCTURE – WATER SUPPLY

C h e n n a i M e t r o p o l i t a n W a t e r S u p p l y a n d S e w e r a g e B o a r d ( C M W S S B )

Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-I

Add 180 MLD water to Chennai City waterrequirement) was taken up by CMWSSB in 2004 ata cost of Rs.720 crores. It is to draw 190 MLD ofraw water from Veeranam Lake

Chennai City Water Supply Augmentation Project-II

Estimated cost of Rs.124.00 crore. The objective ofthis project is to augment water supply to the cityby intercepting the rainwater runoff into the sea bythe construction / rehabilitation of check damsacross Cooum, Adyar and Palar rivers.

Veeranam Lake Chembarambakkam lake

Rest of CMAOther Municipalities have Palar River as source,CMWSSB bulk supply or the ground water assource. Water supply in Panchayat areas is by localwells and public taps.

Reservoirs70%

supply tank20%

ground water10%

Source of water supply to Chennai city

Estimated of water Requirement (CMA)

population in lakhs2011 2016 2021 2026

88 100 112 126

Total requirment

Residential use 1165 1284 1431 1606

Other than Residential use 349 385 429 482

Industries use 116 128 143 160Note: Water Requirement in MLDSource: CMWSSB

140

260 270

90

220

Banglore Mumbai Delhi Chennai city Pune

Consumption liters per captia per day

The sources of surfacewater are the reservoirs at• Poondi,• Cholavaram,• Porur Lake• Chembarambakkam• Veeranam Lake

Source: CMWSSB

14INFRASTRUCTURE – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Residence68%

Commercial14%

Restaurants/hotels/schools

11%

Market4%

Hospitals3%

WASTE GENERATIONCollection & Transportation

At present the Chennai Corporation and ONYX are the two agencies arethe responsible for entire solid waste collection and transportation. Asper the corporation the collection efficiency is around 95% in the cityand Door to Door collection

• Around 3.400 tonnes of garbage is collected daily from 15 zones

• The Perungudi dump yard gets 1600 tonnes and Kodungaiyurgets 1800 tonnes

• Total number of bins 6980• Waste separation 10% by CMC

Areas

future generation in 2021(tonnes)

chennai city 4332

Municipalities 1326

special village panchayats 277

village panchayats 469

total CMA 6403

Future Garbage Generation Trends Source: CDP,chennai

Source: CDP,chennai

15THE JnNURM IN CHENNAI 2005-2012

30.5%

2.3%24.4%

2.3%

40.4%

0.2%

UIG funds allocation by sector

Water Supply

Solid WasteManagement

Sewerage

Roads/Flyover/RoadOverbridgesDrainage/Stormwater Drains

35 projects total, at a total cost of Rs. 3585.44 croreCentral share 36%

Current Scenario

•23% of all projects have overspent

• Less than half of the projects have been

completed. (Phase 1 ends in 2013)

• Lack of local capacity, rising costs of

construction material, delays on funds release,

elections cited as reasons.

77%

23%

BSUP funding by project type

Resettlementcolonies

Otherhousing/infrastructureprojects

24 projects total, at a total cost of Rs. 1388.27 crore

Current Scenario • Most projects fall within the new Corporation

boundaries. • Projects in the newly extended areas have been

transferred to the jurisdiction of the Corporation• 29,864 tenements in Ezhil Nagar and

Perumbakkam at a total cost of Rs. 1073.19 crore• Of which, for 19,412 tenements, provision of

infrastructure facilities not covered by the JnNURM costs.

Source: transparentchennai

Chennai got projects worth Rs. 4973.71 crore, with a large part of it to be spent for the urban poor.

16INVESTMENTS IN CMA

17SCHEMES IMPLEMENTED BY TNSCB IN CMA

Slum Clearance Scheme

• Tenements are allotted either on rental basis or on hire purchase basis. • TNSCB has constructed 69594 No. of tenements from 1970 to 2004 in Chennai. • In addition TNHB had constructed 10,423 slum tenements in Chennai.

Pavement Dwellers Housing Scheme

• It was funded by the GOI (Rs.4, 000/- per household) GTN (Rs.1000/- per household) and HUDCO loan (Rs.8, 000/- per household) 7787 no. of families benefited under this scheme.

Nehru Rozgor Yojana

• Loan assistance of Rs.4, 150/- per slum family was given for up gradation of their shelter. • It was implemented by TNSCB with grant assistance from GOI & GTN and loan assistance from

HUDCO.14, 000 No. of families benefited by this scheme

Shelter for Shelter less Scheme

• Affordable houses for slum dwellers were constructed on serviced plots, using locally available materials and adopting low cost techniques.

• It was tried a pilot project in Chennai by TNSCB with GOI grant 20%, GTN grant 15% and HUDCO loan component 65%. 2982 No. of families were benefited under the scheme.

18

OUTER RING ROAD

• ORR connects NH45 at Vandalur, NH4 at Nazarathpet, NH 205 at Nemilichery, NH5 at Nallur

and TPP road at Minjur and is of length 62.0 km. The configuration of the alignment comprises

of dual system of both road and rail corridor in a width of 72m. 50m. wide portion of land is

reserved for future developments. The estimated project cost is about Rs.1081.40 crores.

• Land Acquisition has been taken up in two phases. The first phase of land Acquisition from NH

45 to NH 205 for a length of 29.2 km. covering 29 villages has been completed and possession

taken over by CMDA. The second phase of acquisition from NH 205 to TPP Road covering 27

villages is under progress.

19

CHENNAI – BANGLORE EXPRESSWAY

• The ambitious 262-km-long Bangalore-Chennai Expressway that will run through Tamil Nadu, AndhraPradesh and Karnataka will require nearly 2,300 hectares of land.

• Sources in the NHAI said the project consultant had said the greenfield initiative would cost Rs. 7,000crore, excluding cost of land acquisition. Following land acquisition, which would take a year and ahalf, the project will be completed in three years.

• The road will be access-controlled like the Chennai Bypass and have several major interchanges. “Forevery 25 km, there will be entry/exit points

The expressway will serve as an alternative to the popular NH 7 from Bangalore to Krishnagiri, NH 46 from Krishnagiri to Ranipet and NH 4 from Ranipet to Chennai.

Source: The Hindu,chennai;augest12,2013

20

SATHANGADU IRON STEEL MARKET

• Chennai is a major centre for iron Steel trade. It also serves as the feeder market for theentire south.

• The growth rate of various core sectors in Chennai is quite high, but the Iron & Steel tradein Chennai does not seem to be located well enough to run efficiently or handle itsgrowth potential.

• Congested locations, cramped spaces, heavy-vehicle movement in narrow streets, trafficblockades, noise unhygienic environs - all lead to tardy and uneconomical operations.

• Located ideally - over 203 acres near Tiruvottiyur on the periphery of the city, with readyaccess to Chennai City Port and Tiruvottiyur railhead.

• India' most modern market of its kind, it is scientifically planned with excellentinfrastructure, amenities and services-everything the trader seek for smooth conduct ofbusiness and full exploitation of growth potential

21

CHENNAI METRO RAIL PROJECT

• The Chennai Metro Rail is a rapid transit system underconstruction in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Phase I of theproject, which consists of two corridors covering a lengthof 45.1 kilometers (28.0 mi), is under construction.

• The elevated section of the project is scheduled to beoperational by spring 2015 and the entire project isscheduled to be completed by the financial year 2014–2015.

• About 55% of the corridors in Phase I are undergroundand the remaining corridors are elevated

• At the time of construction, it cost nearly Rs.3,000million and Rs.1,000 million to build one kilometre oftunnel and one underground station, respectively.

• When the Chennai Metro Rail project was initiated in2007, the estimated cost of the 45-km route in phase Iwas around Rs. 146 billion.

• Phase I extension of 9 km from Washermanpet toWimco Nagar at Tiruvottiyur cost Rs. 30,010 million as of2014, which is expected to begin by December 2014.

22

Chennai Monorail is a rail-based transit system for the Indian

city of Chennai. It is proposed in the Long-term Urban

Transportation Scheme of Second Master Plan by CMDA. The

state government has announced plans to

introduce monorail across City to reduce traffic congestion and

to increase the share of public transport in the urban transport

network. The aim is to increase the share of public transport inChennai from 27% to 46% by 2026

CHENNAI MONO RAIL PROJECT

corridor-1 (Poonamallee - Porur -Vadapalani/Kathipara)corridor-2 (Vandalur -Medavakkam - Velacheri - Kathipara)

PROJECT COST

Corridor-1 - 20.68-km from

Poonamallee to Kathipara with a

link from Porur to Vadaplani - is expected to cost ₹32.35 billion

The first Corridor –

Vandalur to Velachery

(23 km) — will have 14

stations, 12 stations will

come up along the

Poonamallee - Vadapalani

Corridor (18 km) and 11

along the third corridor –

Poonamallee to Kathiparajunction (16 km).

23

The number of vehicles plying in cities run into millions. During the peak hours, the traffic moves in snail’space. Come monsoon season, the roads are damaged and potholes created, holding the city on ransom.

Urban Amenities

Traffic Congestion

Cities are lacking water facility round the clock. Then there is the problem of sewage disposal.

Open sewer system is followed in many urban fringe areas- and when rain lashes out then it is a

huge mess. Garbage disposal is another irritant. Government is not able to supply these amenities

due to tremendous increase in population

Traffic congestion Lacking of garbage disposal Lacking of drainage system Lacking of water facility

PollutionVehicle exhaust, burning of garbage, CFC exhaust mixed with heat during the day creates a toxic mix.Pollution has made things worse in the cities. Nausea, severe headache, bronchitis, asthma, organ failure arefew health problem faced by urban dwellers.

Slum and Squatter SettlementsThe migration of rural poor in search of jobs to the cities have created slums and squatter settlements wherethere is no basic facilities. These settlements have become the breeding ground for illegal activities andcrime.

ISSUES

24SWOT ANALYSIS

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Vision 2026 is to make Chennai a prime metropolis which will be morelivable, economically vibrant and environmentally sustainable and with better assetsfor the future generations