YOUR CRYPTOS

+ ADD COIN

ETH1 ETH = 960,63 $ 0.0122

8,77 $

1ST1 1ST= 1,67 $ 11.5599

10.29 $

ADST1 ADST = 0,66 $ 24

2.62 $

SendBalance

RequestWallet

TOTAL BALANCE:

123,06 $0xac32a1c99...af022fa

WALLET ADDRESS

WALLET NAME

ICO LIST 58 %

9:41 AMGS

Citowise –blockchain payment gateway

Whitepaper

Citowise –blockchain payment gateway

The number of ICO’s is steeply growing every month and providing an outstanding opportunities for investors. Total cryptocurrency investments have considerably surpassed venture capital and are defining a new era in company funding campaigns. However, the rapid development of this field has left behind important infrastructure aspects. Only technically proficient individuals can avoid the common risks and mistakes while setting up a simple transaction in blockchain. Technical solutions that are currently available are far from being ready to integrate into everyday life. A simple and reliable method for transferring new cryptocurrencies that are issued during ICO campaigns between users still needs to be developed, leaving a huge playgrounds for enthusiasts to bridge this gap.

Maxim Zabairachny, Jaroslav Gorjachev

Version: 3.01

www.citowise.com 2

1 Initial coin offering2 A token is the base unit of cryptocurrency issued during the ICO campaign.

Token are governed by smart contracts and live on existing blockchains.

IntroductionIn the beginning of the summer of 2017, the cumulative amount of investments raised during ICO1 campaigns surpassed the cumulative amount of venture capital investments[1] and continues to grow today. Many strong teams, who were seeking a way to fund their brilliant ideas, started investigating attractive opportunities to launch their own campaigns. The easy process of issuing a new cryptocurrency for services on existing blockchain platforms and anticipation of successful fundraising has attracted the attention of many.

A deeper look at ICO campaigns reveals the large diversity of methods for how one can utilize tokens2; however, hey all can be described with one simple phrase: an ICO campaign is a promise to create a system where the issued tokens will have value. This is a new system in which users can utilize tokens in exchange for an item or service or in a number of other ways.

Despite the steep growth in the number of campaigns[2] and astronomical invest-ments that the most successful campaigns have raised[3] there is still a big problem that the entire blockchain community is facing—there is no simple way to exchange obtained tokens between customers after a campaign is finished or to utilize them in exchange for value once the ICO project is up and running. The process of token transfer can be very complicated[4] despite the amount of transactions[5].

www.citowise.com 3

Share of ICO’d Assets Built on The Etherium Blockchain

Almost every ICO campaign promises to deliver its own solution for token circulation, whereas this increases the technical complexity of the already ambitious goals that token issuers are aiming to solve. However, the technical implementation of tokens from project to project does not disperse the diversity. At least in case of the Ethereum platform3, which is the platform of choice for the vast majority of ICO cam-paigns[2]. Every token issued on the Ethereum platform has to follow an interface described by the ERC204 standard. This standard eases the integration of tokens into 3rd party software; however, a deep technical understanding of smart contracts5 and blockchain technology is required to provide secure and efficient token circulation methods.

Based on Data Published on TokenMarket.net/ICO-Calendar

Figure 1. Share of ICO’s assets build on the Ethereum blockchain in months[2]

Etherium Blockchain Other Blockchain

0%

25%

75%

100%

Jul Aug Sep2016 2017

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul

www.citowise.com 4

3 The blockchain platform, which provides implementation of smart contracts.4 https://theethereum.wiki/w/index.php/ERC20_Token_Standard5 The smart contract is a script defined on the blockchain that governs the behavior

of tokens.

6 There are payment gateways for cryptocurrencies; however, either they do not

target ERC20 tokens or they do not provide a convenient way to transfer them.7 The payment gateway usually covers a payment solution for mobile and web.

Market analysis has shown that the currently available products do not provide easy and convenient peer-to-peer token transactions6 or business payments7 that can be used by a person who is not proficient in blockchain technology. Therefore, finding a solution for this problem is one of the major milestones of the Citowise - simplifying token usage for everyday life and increasing cryptocurrency turnover across the globe.

The main goal of Citowise is to provide a secure and convenient solution for simplify-ing token payment processes, to speed up the adoption of crypto-payments into everyday life, and to keep the control of funds solely in the users’ hands. This solution is based on two cornerstones that must be achieved: secure mobile and desktop wallets and a payment gateway based on smart contracts. The Citowise wallet is a free product that is accessible and available to all users all over the globe for no charge or any other fees. For business customers, there are services available such as a web payments gateway, in-app purchases, donations for charities, game stream-ing services, and many other utilities.

www.citowise.com 5

Chart 2. Number of transactions processed through

the Ethereum blockchain on a daily basis

The number of Ethereum transactions is steadily growing, and at the time that this paper was written, the number of transactions was fluctuating around 400,000[5] per day or approximately 4.5 t ransactions per second. Still, Ethereum has a large poten-tial for scalability and can theoretically handle up to 270 transactions per second with its current implementation[6], which is 24 million transactions per day.

Peer-to-peer transactions

Etherium Transaction Chart

0 K

100 K

200 K

600 K

500 K

400 K

300 K

2017JUN SEP OCTJUL AUG

www.citowise.com 6

8 Ethereum protocol implementation written with Go language

Ethereum is not the only option when it comes to cryptocurrencies. There are approximately 900 public blockchains operating worldwide, and a dozen or so are major players in the field. Each of these expects user to download gigabytes of data before the very first transaction can be sent. There is no doubt that this situation is a major barrier that the blockchain community must overcome for cryptocurrencies to become widely accepted in society. The first solution is to provide a wallet that removes the technical complexity of blockchains and simplifies the process for users to interact with them for general purposes, such as sending, receiving and checking their balance.

However, it is still technically impractical to send tokens or coins from account to account or to pay online merchants for goods or services with the current solutions that are available on the market. Current desktop wallets expect users to download the entire blockchain to a local machine. Only then, will a user be allowed to broadcast his first transaction. Blockchain data sizes are far from small, and at the time of this article, the Ethereum full node size was approximately 63 gigabytes[7], and geth8 that is fully synchronized was almost 300 gigabytes[8].

There are many wallets available on the market that provide an impressive set of functionalities. All of them can receive, transfer and store cryptocurrencies in a secure way, observe the crypto-market and exchange rates, speculate on cryptocurrency stocks. Some can even convert cryptocurrencies through exchanges, and participate in ICOs, among other functions. However, there is still no convenient or easy to use wallet that focuses on the user experience, user interface and still provides a user-friendly way to transfer tokens and coins. In particular, this includes seamless payments in the e-commerce and in-app sectors, which would be convenient for both parties - clients and businesses.

www.citowise.com 7

In addition, users are able to send transactions using highly secure cold storage, like Trezor or Ledger. Such devices can be connected to the device that has the Citowise wallet installed via an on-the-go cable, and confirmation of transactions occurs through the device. This shift in wallet security to the next level makes blockchain a convenient medium that is simple to operate for financial operations.

Citowise provides free wallets for Desktop, Google Android and Apple iOS platforms that can transfer all ERC20 tokens out-of-box and into a dozen of the most popular cryptocurrencies. Our top priority is to store wallets in a secure way so that no one except the owner can access them - wallets safety and security are the most important prerequisites to all provided solutions. Our next priority is to make wallets usable by everyone regardless of their technical understanding of blockchain principals.

Citowise wallet the already provides its users with support of most popular ERC20 tokens and Ethereum coin. A very demanded features that found a place in the wallet are:

- Add in one click Most popular tokens - Real time balance update for user selected tokens- Token value is available it ancillary currency- Large number of hint currencies, including fiat and crypto- Account total value shown in ancillary currency- Send transaction in 3 clicks- Automatic fee adjustment for transactions- Calculation amount to send in ancillary currencies, including fiat or any cryptocurrency- Request a payment with a URL- Transaction history- Transaction status notification- Multiple wallet support- Participate in ICO in 3 clicks

www.citowise.com 8

Despite the seemingly safe picture at first glance, this field is full of scam and is a playground for all sorts of hacking activity. Recent reports revealed that approximately 10% of ICO funds, which is equivalents to approximately 400 million dollars, were stolen in 2017 alone[9]. The actual number can be even higher because it is hard to identify every single theft case or collect testimonials from each victim. This is because there is no single place where people can report blockchain crime. The list of the most devastating attacks that caused ICOs the most is rather short:

Moreover, the Citowise wallet has already been integrated with well-known exchang-es, Shapeshift and Changelly, and it provides wallet import/export through a mnemon-ic and password-protected payload. It has many other features that makes it a conve-nient all-around solution for everyday use. As a result, it covers a lot of user needs, from peer-to-peer transactions to in-app purchases, and these features make Citowise the wallet of choice for people with no technical background.

The only safe channel for ICOAn ICO is great way to raise funds for newly born startups. Its short history is full of dazzling success stories and tales of projects raising millions in a matter of days or even minutes. Sometimes, this is only with an idea that is shortly described in a white-paper and a good looking website. Having an enormous wave of startups preferring ICOs instead of traditional VCs and angel investors, government representatives are attempting to introduce regulations into the newly arisen field. One thing is for sure: ICOs are a global phenomenon, and they will continue as an alternative way of raising funds for startups.

- Hacking an ICO website and substitution of its contract address[10]- Scamming and promoting fake websites[11]- Compromising online wallets and any centralized money storages[12]

www.citowise.com 9

Unfortunately, hacking and scamming are not the only cause of ICO shortfalls. User mistakes, poor understanding of blockchain basics and bad practices are also having a notable impact. It is difficult to estimate the losses that are due to user mistakes or to determine what can be used as a reference point for estima-tion. The most common situations, most of which can be solved with better tools or user education, are:

- Users are participating in ICOs with exchange wallets[13]- Users are sending transactions with an incorrect fee- Users are sending money to the wrong address/contract

All the above mentioned points can be solved by introducing a secure and reliable tool that will let users send money directly to an ICO, avoiding scammers and hackers. Citowise offers a secure channel embedded into Citowise wallet that acts similar to HTTPS9 on the web. The new approach implements a decentralized pattern and keeps the user’s sensitive data only on the user’s device in encrypted storage. Although this design does not imply the security of every single element, it eliminates the risk of centralized storages and significantly decreases the reward of a successful attack. Luckily, user security can ultimately be increased with reliance on specialized hardware wallets. Such wallets are sending transac-tions securely and are bringing cryptocurrency operations to a practically uncom-promisable state.

9 HTTPS - the communication protocol is encrypted by security layer. The principal

motivation for HTTPS is authentication of the accessed website and protection of

the privacy and integrity of the exchanged data.

9www.citowise.com 10

Picture 1. Network of user devices, blockchain nodes and

CItowise servers. It has no single point of failure.

Although Citowise still has central servers that supply data to wallets, the servers are not crucial for the wallets to operate. An act of compromising Citowise servers will have no effect on a user’s security, and it will not put enlisted ICOs at any risk. All the ICO-related sensitive data, such as the campaign address, campaign dates and web-site, are written into blockchain and can be altered only with a secure hardware key. Thus, an attack that aims for address substitution becomes much harder to perform and gives the Citowise wallet an outstanding advantage compared with even the best website security. Having the address stored inside blockchain decreases scamming possibilities and protects users from sending money to the wrong address. Actually, any request to send money directly to some address in blockchain will only raise the user’s awareness.

www.citowise.com 11

Picture 2. A user acquires a participation code from the ICO website and

enters that into the Citowise wallet.

The decentralized design pattern has another important advantage. It implies that the wallet should be able to operate autonomously. One of the most notable advantages is that if Citowise becomes inaccessible or a DDOS attack allows servers to become inoperable, the wallet will continue to operate, and users will experience only a minor inconvenience. They will still be able to send money without any risk. The wallet will be operational even after the Apocalypse.

The Citowise wallet can also be integrated with external KYC10, which store the user’s personal data on the ICO side, without the need to reveal the participant’s identity inside the wallet. Once proceeded through the KYC process, the perspective contribu-tor will be given a participation code. This code will be used as a key to access partici-pation functionality on the ICO page in the Citowise wallet. This code can contain information about any boundaries for the specific user.

CODE

>

>

>

User does KYCon ico website

User recivesparticipation code

User enters participationcode in Citowise wallet

www.citowise.com 12

The solution provided by Citowise has another important advantage. It introduces certification of ICO campaigns. This is a requirement to protect users against mali-cious ICOs. A certification approach becoming mainstream will have the opportunity to reliably introduce an authenticity factor, provide a way to introduce regulations for ICO campaigns and protect the public from the spreading of scams.

This approach that Citowise brings into the ICO world can be considered a corner-stone for ICOs and solves several issues at once. The best comparison to this new approach over traditional methods is the situation with HTTP11 and HTTPS. It is a secure communication channel that gives a simple solution for users and ICOs and protects both from scammers and hackers. It is a solution that can save millions of dollars due to theft and help that money be turned into brilliant products.

10 Know your customer - is the process of a business identifying and verifying the

identity of its clients11 HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext

Web payments gatewayE-commerce has become the de-facto standard model for the retail industry. Annual reports are outlining fascinating online sales growth trends, and predictions depict an even better picture. In Europe alone, the online turnover in 2016 was reported to be €530 billion and was forecasted to become €602 billion in 2017[14]. For the entire world, the numbers are even more impressive, and the volume of e-commerce is expected to reach $4 trillion by 2020[15].

Many companies provide solutions for payment processing who target primarily online sales. The majority of online purchases are going through credit card service providers, such as Visa, American Express and MasterCard[16].

www.citowise.com 13

12 Braintree, a credit card processing company owned by PayPal, offers a very liberal

pricing strategy, such as 1.9% + 30 cents per transaction for all credit card payments

except for American Express.13 The Braintree fee for American express credit cards is 2.9% + 30 cents per transac-

tion.14 Chargeback fraud, also known as friendly fraud, occurs when a consumer makes

an online shopping purchase with their own credit card and then requests a charge-

back from the issuing bank after receiving the purchased goods or services. Once

approved, the chargeback cancels the financial transaction, and the consumer

receives a refund of the money they spent. When a chargeback occurs, the merchant

is accountable, regardless of whatever measures they took to verify the transaction.

A merchant can go with a highly reliable payment solution that has already had earned a good reputation over the years that will charge less than 2% plus a transac-tion fee in the best case scenario12.However, it is not always possible for credit card systems to provide online payment solutions with a fee of less than 2%. Major credit card system fees are slightly above that[17], leaving online processing systems with the difficult decision to raise their service fees even higher13.

Traditional payment systems are a convenient tool for online merchants who are selling goods or services to local or regional customers; however, these are not well tailored for businesses operating solely in the digital space[18]. Music, videos, e-books, online training, games and other digital goods or services are often the victims of chargeback fraud14.

www.citowise.com 14

However, the increasing number of ICOs has generated hundreds of digital currencies for their yet-to-be-delivered products. The discovery and development of a solution that brings trust, simplicity and efficiency to financial systems that use these curren-cies in a convenient and agile way is an ambitious goal that Citowise strives to achieve. Our team aims to provide a set of well-integrated products that cover the most common scenarios that markets are tackling daily. Fortunately, cryptocurrencies issued on the Ethereum blockchain have implemented identical behavior and have identical circulation problems that can be solved all at once. This will save the devel-opment time and developers effort and enable them to deliver a fully functioning product to the market. However, many other problems must be resolved, such as seamless integration into external products, a secure and efficient workflow, user-friendly and highly accessible financial applications, and scalability over different types of blockchains.

The Citowise solution for this segment is an operating payment gateway that is orient-ed towards selling digital goods and services in exchange for cryptocurrencies, includ-ing Ether, Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum and other blockchain-based tokens. The current estimated margin is less than 1%, which makes it one of the cheapest solutions on the emerging market. Thus, Citowise aims to acquire a strategic position and deliver a payment solution, where transactions will be processed through a smart contracts based platform for merchant needs. This will facilitate the payment process and allow all parties parties to be in full control over their funds with neither of them regulating nor influencing the interaction.

www.citowise.com 15

Moreover, Citowise is not placing any constraints on end customers in terms of what software they will use to initiate payments, leaving the choice of preferred wallet to user’s personal preference. However, because the Citowise wallet provides a much better user experience due to the integration with all products involved, it is advised as a preferred choice.

In-app integrationMonetization of mobile applications is one of the main concerns for mobile develop-ers. There are numerous companies that already provide strong solutions for this sector[19] , and a large majority of them focus primarily on fiat payments, whereas cryptocurrencies barely have any share in this $200 billion market[20].

www.citowise.com 16

Despite the volumes and tough competition, this market cannot boast about low fees. Payment margins start at approximately 30%[21] and can go as high as 50% or even 75%15. One can reasonably argue the fairness of commissions charged by application venues; however, there is no reasonable explanation for the margins charged by tele-com[22] companies.

The opportunities that blockchain-based pay-ment solutions provide, with its significantly lower payment margins that no fiat-based pay-ment system can ever afford, opens up out-standing opportunities for the future of mobile payments.

Citowise’s target goal on this front is to provide a set of libraries that are easy to integrate into existing mobile platforms, such as Google

Android and Apple iOS. Our main focuses are: simplicity and convenience of the user experience for end users, a fast and pain-free integration process into existing applica-tions, compatibility with other payment providers, and, last by not least, revenue ana-lytics for mobile publishers and developers.

15 Pricing rates are carefully kept in secret by payment providers and sent to clients

on per request basis. A very insufficient amount of information is publicly available.

www.citowise.com 17

The Citowise solution will provide mobile businesses with full individual control of earned funds16, a zero landing fee, unprecedentedly lower margins compared with any other payment method17 and a pain-free integration process that will allow developers to concentrate on adding value for their customers (rather than wasting precious resources investigating integration opportunities with blockchain payments), and a choice of accepted tokens issued during an ICO campaign or existing coins like Ether, Bitcoin, Litecoin, etc.

16 This is based on the smart contracts concept and will eliminate the need for

trusted 3rd party supervisors.17 One can expect fees to be lower than 1%.

www.citowise.com 18

Additionally, Citowise will not place any constraints on end-customer’s payment pref-erences, leaving the choice of payment origin procedures solely up to the payee. Citowise in-app payments will also not inflict any additional fees on the application customers and will provide a simple and convenient payment process.

Charity donationsOne should never forget that it is a fundamental human desire to provide help to those who are in greater need. Currently, the available options for members of society to help primarily include premium services provided by telecom companies, crowdfund-ing platforms, and bank transfers/recurring payments.

Telecom providers who provide premium services for donation and charity purposes are charging anywhere from 7 to 9%[23] as a service fee and can delay raised funds by up to 90 days[24] which is often outside the needed timeframe. There is no doubt that funds withheld by telecoms and charity services who can charge an additionally ~7%[25]can help more charity organizations worldwide by concentrating on their straight targets rather than dispersing their financials to service providers. This could save more lives, especially of those who immediately require a vital service.

Citowise aims to rectify the situation by providing our customers with a simple setup for donation campaigns that will be optimized for the donor experience. This will target the worldwide market by adopting campaigns for social networks and expos-ing selected donation campaigns to Citowise wallet customers. Campaigns can be presented to contributors in the form of QR code that is printable on paper or any paperless format or given to donors as a URL.

Citowise will provide the lowest fees among all available donation service providers, which are expected to be 0.5% or less.

www.citowise.com 19

SecuritySecurity is always a primary focus of any financial system. The first target of any attack is usually the centralized fund holdings for which the reward can be outstand-ingly high[26]. Another target for an attack is the fund transfer mechanism. There is no doubt that interfering with such channels is among the main goals of malicious users because of their high rewards[27]. The last major path of attack is wallet stor-age[28]. An experience of compromised fund storage can be shocking for a wallet owner[29].

Citowise is aware of these problems and takes security very seriously. The Citowise payment gateway implements a decentralized product pattern and has no central funding storage. This product will alleviate business customers’ concerns regarding company security. All the funds are stored either in designated smart contracts, if the blockchain protocol allows it, or are quickly released to the merchant once there is a valuable amount achieved. Unfortunately, the smart contract concept is not available for every blockchain; however, there are authority projects that are aiming to bridge this gap[30,31].

Additionally, the Citowise wallet never sends backup phrases or private keys to any server or other device. The only exception is during the process of backup performed by the wallet owner and is accompanied by corresponding security warnings. This sensitive information is stored on a device in an encrypted format and is protected from unauthorized access. Citowise can guarantee the security of the wallet to be at

least the same as the one that OS is operating on[32]. Our future plan includes integra-tion with hardware wallets in which the Citowise wallet will be able to safely operate even on compromised or rooted devices.

www.citowise.com 20

Citowise’s main principle is to never interfere with customer funds and to reduce the time of such interference in cases where blockchain protocols do not provide an build-in trusted tools.

ConclusionThe transathat can be achieved by blockchain-based payment solutions are signifi-cantly lower than any fiat-based payment system can ever afford. The transaction time between end users and businesses can be decreased to a few minutes or even to seconds for some blockchains.

ACTIVE +ADD YOUR ICO

UPCOMING

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YOUR CRYPTOS + ADD COIN

ETH1 ETH = 960,63 $

0.01228,77 $

1ST1 1ST= 1,67 $

11.559910.29 $

ADST1 ADST = 0,66 $

242.62 $

SendBalanceRequestWallet

TOTAL BALANCE:

123,06 $

0xac32a1c99...af022faWALLET ADDRESS

WALLET NAMEICO LIST

58 %9:41 AMGS

www.citowise.com 21

www.citowise.com

Currently, there are few competitors on the market, and niche positions are still avail-able. Mobile games, music players, video streaming and many other types of services that provide digital content or intellectual property will largely benefit from a fast, cheap, reliable, and transparent payment platform.

Moreover, blockchain-based payments are moving society into the future by erasing the artificial and rudimentary boundaries defined by financial systems and regulators. It is a step towards a new world based on the principle of personal privacy, and one that is oriented to the needs of society in which every person has the freedom of money, the man-in-the-middle roles are neglected, and institute and service transpar-ency is a given. Citowise will be proud to deliver products that provide these qualities to people and to be a part of this future.

www.citowise.com 22

Being limited only by fundamental blockchain constraints, the Citowise payment platform has a huge potential to grow by relying on the transparent smart contracts concept and by relieving the need for 3rd party trust between the end user and service provider, while still preserving the security and transparency of transactions. The Citowise team is proud to provide solutions that can revolutionize the concept of online payment processing. By saving the time and resources of engineers and by delivering a payment solution for their cryptocurrencies to put their ideas into action, Citowise facilitates the delivery of high-quality products to society and strengthens the expectations of ICO investors.

Another significant goal of Citowise that we will be proud to achieve is the transfer between fiat and crypto-payments[33]. This problem is currently being undertaken by many blockchain enthusiasts around the world and is among the top priorities for integrating cryptocurrencies into everyday life.

1. ICO Investments Pass VC Funding in Blockchain Market First - CoinDesk [Internet]. CoinDesk.

2017 [cited 2017 Oct 5].

Available from:

https://www.coindesk.com/ico-investments-pass-vc-funding-in-blockchain-market-first/

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www.citowise.com 23

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g-idUSKBN1FB1MZ

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https://cointelegraph.com/news/ethereum-ico-website-hacked-over-7-million-stolen-redirected

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13. Buntinx JP. Top 3 Reasons Not to Use an Exchange Wallet to Participate in a Cryptocurrency

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change-wallet-to-participate-in-a-cryptocurrency-ico/

www.citowise.com 24

14. European Ecommerce Report 2017 - Ecommerce continues to prosper in Europe, but mar-

kets grow at different speeds - Ecommerce Europe [Internet]. Ecommerce Europe. [cited 2017 Oct 5].

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https://www.ecommerce-europe.eu/press-item/european-ecom-

merce-report-2017-released-ecommerce-continues-prosper-europe-markets-grow-different-speeds/

15. Thumm J. Global E-commerce Sales to Approach US$2 Trillion in 2016 - Power Retail [Inter-

net]. Power Retail. 2016 [cited 2017 Oct 5].

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jcr:5c0ddde5-fb5b-40bf-969d-81a23e5ce958/Global%20ecommerce%20payments%20guide.pdf

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18. Harvey K. Friendly Fraud vs. Chargeback Fraud: Knowing the difference is paramount [Inter-

net]. Chargify Blog. 2016 [cited 2017 Oct 5].

Available from:

https://www.chargify.com/blog/friendly-fraud-vs-chargeback-fraud/

19. Velji J. 10 Ways to Effectively Monetize Your Mobile App [Internet]. BuildFire. 2016 [cited

2017 Oct 5].

Available from:

https://buildfire.com/ways-monetize-mobile-app/

www.citowise.com 25

20. Mobile app revenues 2015-2020 | Statistic [Internet]. Statista. [cited 2017 Oct 5].

Available from:

https://www.statista.com/statistics/269025/worldwide-mobile-app-revenue-forecast/

21. Mackenzie T. App store fees, percentages, and payouts: What developers need to know

[Internet]. TechRepublic. [cited 2017 Oct 6].

Available from:

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neer/app-store-fees-percentages-and-payouts-what-developers-need-to-know/

21. Mackenzie T. App store fees, percentages, and payouts: What developers need to know

[Internet]. TechRepublic. [cited 2017 Oct 6].

Available from:

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