Citizens' Participation in SMART CITIES

CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN

ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING

FOR SMART CITIES

March 4, 2016

FOR SMART CITIES

Ashwani Kumar

Environment and Sustainability Expert

Associate Professor

Faculty of Planning,

CEPT University, Ahmedabad

Magicbricks webinar @ March 04, 2016 1 [email protected]

* The views expressed in the presentation are of the presenter as an individual. It does not present the perspectives of CEPT University

in any manner.

Outline

• Urban India : Issues and Challenges

• Urban Environment Planning and Management:

Need of the day

• What is smart city initiative?

• Approach and Process of Citizens participation in

CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENT AND POLICY PLANNING

FOR SMART CITIES

• Approach and Process of Citizens participation in

Smart City

• Citizens participation : key issues and challenges

• Question?


• Cities as ‘Engine of Economic Growth’

• More than 50% Population expected to be in urban areas by

mid of this centaury or earlier

Understanding Urban India


FOR SMART CITIES

• Land Scarcity for Development and Infrastructure

• Cities seeking the global investment – Business friendly cities,

Sustainable cites, Global Cites, Smart Cities


Understanding Urban Challenges

Infrastructure

• Revenue Crunch

• Creditworthiness

• Critical infrastructure shortages

• Service deficiencies

• Inadequate and congested transportation systems

Growth Management

• Urbanization.

• Migration

• Slums


FOR SMART CITIES

Source: World Bank (2006)

• Inadequate and congested transportation systems• Slums

Service delivery

• Building accountability

• Adding physical infrastructure vs. financially and environmentally sustainable

services

• Cost recovery

• Independent regulatory authorities

• Governance


Understanding Urban Challenges

Planning and Governance

• Modern planning framework

• Poor local governance and

unplanned growth

Housing

• Building regulations

• Rental Housing

• Poor Housing Finance


FOR SMART CITIES

unplanned growth

• Multiplicity of local bodies

• Rigid master plans and

restrictive zoning regulations

• Inappropriate planning

• Increasing in densities

Source: World Bank (2006)

• Poor Housing Finance

• Unable to expand the trunk

infrastructure

Lack of social Infrastructure

Urban Environment



FOR SMART CITIES

UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN

ENVIRONMENT


Defining Urban Environment

Urban environment consists of resources, human and

other; processes, that convert these resources into

various other useable products and services; and

effects of these processes, which may be negative or

positive.


FOR SMART CITIES

positive.

• Natural Environment

• Built Environment

• Socio-economic Environment

http://www.gdrc.org


• Delhi Sifting of Industries

• Mumbai Mangrove

Resolving Urban - Environment Conflict

• Bhopal Gas Tragedy

• Ganga River Pollution (Kanpur

Tannery Case)

High cost of ignoring balance between

development and environment


FOR SMART CITIES

• Lavasa City Development controversy

• Okhla Bird Sanctuary - NOIDA

• Surat Plague

• Golden Corridor

(Ahmedabad to Mumbai)

Tannery Case)

• Pali Industries Pollution

• Delhi Air Pollution

• Doon Valley Case

• Taz Trapezium Case


Environmental Legislations

• Constitutional Right of citizens

– Right to Life includes ‘Right to Clean

Environment’ –(Articles 48 A and 51 A (g))

• Enacted Regulatory Regime

– Air Act (1981); Water Act (1972); EP Act

(1986) and Several Rules

• Environment Judicialism

Balancing Urban Development and Environment perspective


FOR SMART CITIES

• National Environment Policy,

2006

• National Water Policy, 2000

• National Forest Policy, 1988

• Environment Judicialism

– High Courts and Supreme Court

– National Green Tribunal

– RTI


National Commitments• Total sanitation (SWM) by 2019 Cleaning of all Indian rivers (starting with

Ganges)

• Housing for all (infrastructure/services)

• CSR to include slum redevelopment

• ‘Smart cities’

• Cleaner Energy (hydroelectric energy and renewable)

• National Conservation Strategy

3. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

6. CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation

7. AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

Sustainable Development Goal (perspective) and Environment


FOR SMART CITIES

http://www.sustainabledevelopment2015.org/

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

11. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

Make cities and human settlements, inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

13. CLIMATE ACTION

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts

14. LIFE BELOW WATER

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for

sustainable development

15. LIFE ON LAND Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,

sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt & reverse land

degradation; and halt biodiversity loss


� All Projects having area development proposal (Urban/Industrial/Infrastructure)

needs environmental Clearance

- Environments Impact Assessment (2006 as amended in2009) …

� Industrial projects are under additional regulations under

Environmental Regulations for Urban or Developmental Projects


FOR SMART CITIES

� Industrial projects are under additional regulations under

- Air Act (1981); Water Act (1972); Hazardous Waste Rules(1989/2004); noise

pollution rules (2000) …..

� Urban Infrastructure & Services needs to conform to

- Drinking Water Quality Standards; Urban Wastewater (sewage) disposal

quality , Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules (2000); Plastic Waste Rules

(2011); E-Waste rules (2013); Noise Rules …..


• Eco-City or ecoCity Planning

• Healthy City

• Safe City /Resilient City

Sustainable City : Guidelines and approaches


FOR SMART CITIES

• Garden City / Green City

• Integrated Development Plans

• City Development Strategies

• SMART CITY



FOR SMART CITIES

SMART CITY : AN EMERGING

URBAN AGENDA


SMART CITY – Policy Evolution

• …there is no universally accepted definition

of a Smart City… different things to different

people.

• …. a Smart City is an mission to met the

imagination of the city dwellers (a wish list of

aspiration on infrastructure and services)


FOR SMART CITIES

aspiration on infrastructure and services)

• … a compact areas which creates a replicable

model which will act like a light house to

other aspiring cities.

Concept and States perspective

Smart City Challenge

Phase-wise Short listing

SMART City Plan, Implementation and

Monitoring


Source : MoUD (2015)

SMART City Process


FOR SMART CITIES

States perspective


Phase wise Short-listing

( Round 1 = 20 cities )

SMART CITY Plan

Local Area Project and City wide initiates

Implementation on and Monitoring




FOR SMART CITIES



Typical features of Smart Cities

• Promoting mixed land use in

area-based developments

• Housing and inclusiveness —

expand housing opportunities

for all


FOR SMART CITIES

• Promoting a variety of

transport options

• Making governance citizen-

friendly and cost effective

for all

• Creating walkable localities

• Preserving and developing

open spaces



• Giving an identity to the city

• Applying Smart Solutions to

infrastructure and services in

area-based development


FOR SMART CITIES

CITIZENS PARTICIPATION IN SMART

CITY PROGRAMME


States perspective


Phase wise Short-listing

(20)

SMART CITY Plan




FOR SMART CITIES

SMART CITY Process

Citizens’ Participation

LimitedCitizens

Consultation at local level

Stakeholders perspective and criteria

SMART CITY Plan



Rounds of consultation

• Prioritizing the

Smart solutions

• Smart city

development area

identification

Citizens consultation

• Visioning

• Smart solutions

• Smart city

development area

identification

Smart City Advisory Forum (SPV)

• NGOs

• Women groups

• Tax payers Association

• Youth Association

• Experts


Source : Based on MoUD (2015)

Citizens Participation : Tools and methods

On-line

• Dissemination thorough e-News-papers, TV, Radio and Social Media

• Surveys, queries and polls

• Feedback


FOR SMART CITIES

Off-line tools

• Dissemination thorough News-papers prints

• Poster/banners

• Stakeholders discussion (Women/Trade Associations/Public)

• Distribution of Pamphlets seeking participation


Key feature of Citizens participation

• One of the widest consultation done under any single national of state

level programme

• Recorded response rate ~ 15-25% of city population

• Use of structured and standardized questions and options


FOR SMART CITIES

• One of the fastest process of consultation and feedback

• Big data generation

• Brining the sense of social engagement among the citizens and creating

competition for self improvement


Citizens Participation: Key Issues and Challenges

• Brining out the specific potential of cities

• Generating the new ideas and flexible in options

• Statistical cleaning processing of generated meta-data to understand the response and

behaviors of citizens in their unique social and economic context


FOR SMART CITIES

• Keeping track of changes in perspectives and follow-ups

• Balancing the perspectives of different target groups to remove the risk of biases

• Generating the outreach to digitally marginalized communities and groups

– old, women, homeless, slum dwellers, poor, children etc.

• Generating the responsible, fair and just citizen centric monitoring group


References:

World Bank. 2006. State of the cities report 2006. Washington, DC: World Bank.

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/10695419/

state-cities-report-2006

MoUD 2015 : ‘SMART Cities - Missions Statement and Guidelines’, June 2015,

Ministry of Urban Development, GoI

http://www.gdrc.org , THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER


http://www.gdrc.org , THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTER

Source: CPCB Manual

Thankyou

Citizens' Participation in SMART CITIES

Presentations & Public Speaking

Transcript of Citizens' Participation in SMART CITIES