CITATIONS FOR YOUR ZOOLOGY PAPER BIO 122 Updated Spring 2013.
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Transcript of CITATIONS FOR YOUR ZOOLOGY PAPER BIO 122 Updated Spring 2013.
CITATIONS FOR YOUR CITATIONS FOR YOUR ZOOLOGY PAPERZOOLOGY PAPER
BIO 122BIO 122
Updated Spring 2013Updated Spring 2013
WHAT NEEDS TO BE CITED?WHAT NEEDS TO BE CITED?
All information except personal knowledge must be cited
Typically, every paragraph of your paper will need a reference* use the (author, year) format
At end of paper you need to list all references in a Literature Cited section
CITATIONS IN TEXTCITATIONS IN TEXT
Each time you refer to referenced materialend the sentence with a citation.
Do not simply put a reference at the end of the paragraph!
Exception is when the entire paragraph information comes from one source:Then start paragraph with inclusive phrase“Research of Jones (2007) shows…”
USE OF QUOTESUSE OF QUOTES
Quotes may be used, but as little as possible (0-3 in entire paper)
Citation with quote needs author, year and page – (Jones, 2007, p. 35)
With three or more authors use et al. –(Jones et al. 2008, p. 544)
With websites, use paragraph number – (Jones, 2009, par.14)
LITERATURE CITED PAGELITERATURE CITED PAGE This is a separate page at the end of
your paper Include all references cited within text Make sure author and year match that
included in text List all references in alphabetical order Details differ depending on source:
book, zoology encyclopedia, journal or website
LITERATURE CITED PAGELITERATURE CITED PAGE
All references need to include, in order: Author(s); do not use “et al.” here Year of publication Name of article (always) or chapter (if
needed) Name of book or journal Publisher (for books) Volume and page number (for journal)
CITATION EXAMPLES: CITATION EXAMPLES: JOURNALJOURNAL
McGuire, Tamara L. and Kirk O. Winemiller. 1998. Occurrence patterns, habitat associations, and potential prey of the river dolphin, Inia geoffrensis, in the Cinaruco River, Venezuela. Biotropica 30(4): 625-638.
Williamson, Donald I. and Sonya E. Vickers. 2007. The origins of larvae. American Scientist 95(6): 509-517.
Note: a) the “hanging indent” style and b) journal titles are in italics
CITATION EXAMPLES: CITATION EXAMPLES: PAGES IN A BOOKPAGES IN A BOOK
Orr, Robert T. 1976. Amphibians. pp. 66-84. In: Vertebrate Biology, 4th edition. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Note: a) chapter title and page numbersb) book title in italics
CITATION EXAMPLES: CITATION EXAMPLES: ZOOLOGY ENCYCLOPEDIAZOOLOGY ENCYCLOPEDIA
Sambraus, Hans Hinrich. 1990. Cattle, pp. 409-417. In: Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, volume 5. McGraw-Hill, Inc., Boston.
Note: a) pages listed for specific chapterb) encyclopedia name in italics
USING INTERNET SOURCESUSING INTERNET SOURCES
The Internet is a valuable resource for zoological information.
1. Use of online search engines to find journal articles
2. Specific website of professionals for current information
USING INTERNET SOURCESUSING INTERNET SOURCES
The Internet also has bad information. Website with no author or lack of
appropriate authority Paper mills; you buy a paper
(this is called plagiarism)
CITATIONS FROM THE CITATIONS FROM THE INTERNETINTERNET
In addition to the usual information, you need to cite where the information was obtained (the web address).
There is a problem of when was the material written:it can be copyrighted, revised, updated, or have no information (hence we use date of visit)
CITATIONS FROM THE CITATIONS FROM THE INTERNETINTERNET
Anonymous. 2009 (visit: January 8). Armadillo. National Geographic Society. http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/armadillo.html
Stewart, Robert. 2007 (revised: August 7). Introduction to coastal pollution. Oceanography in the 21st century – an online textbook. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University. http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/introtocoastalpollution.htm
CITATIONS FROM THE CITATIONS FROM THE INTERNETINTERNET
Notes from previous slide:a) The page title is listed firstb) The website name is listed next in
italics (this is sometimes hard to find)
c) The web address is inserted as a cut & paste AND the font is changed to conform
CITATIONS FROM THE CITATIONS FROM THE INTERNETINTERNET
Anonymous. 2009 (visit: January 8). Armadillo. National Geographic Society. http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/armadillo.html
Stewart, Robert. 2007 (revised: August 7). Introduction to coastal pollution. Oceanography in the 21st century – an online textbook. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University. http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/introtocoastalpollution.htm
CITATIONS FROM THE CITATIONS FROM THE INTERNETINTERNET
An additional challenge comes with search engines at pay per view sites (such as Wessels Library website – your tuition $$ at work)
We can’t go directly to the website address, we must enter through a “portal”
CITATIONS FROM THE CITATIONS FROM THE INTERNETINTERNET
Example of a journal article found via a Wessels Library search engine:
McDonough, Colleen M., J. Mitchell Lockhart, and W. J. Loughry. 2007. Population dynamics of Nine-Banded Armadillos: Insights from a removal experiment. Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 6 Issue 3, p381-392, 12p. (Online: Newberry College, Wessels Library, Academic Search Premier).
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
Citations are critical in scientific papers. The MLA style you learned in English is
not a method for citations used by scientists.
Citations in the text include author, year(quotes also need page number).
References in the Literature Cited section have detailed information and are alphabetically listed by author.
ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT
Your Outline & Literature Cited is due on Friday, February 22
It needs to include: An outline of major components of your
paper (1.0-1.5 pages long) At least five citations using proper
method