Cisco Prime Network Supported Technologies and Topologies, 4.0

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Cisco Prime Network 4.0 Supported Technologies and Topologies

July, 2013

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1 Table of Contents 2 Supported Technologies in Prime Network ................................................... 1

3 Technology Support Based on Schemes ........................................................ 5

4 Schemes Used by Device Type ....................................................................... 9

5 Reduced Polling Supported VNE’s: .............................................................. 12

6 Supported Topologies in Prime Network .................................................... 13

6.1 Supported Topology Types .......................................................................... 13

6.1.1 ATM ........................................................................................................................... 13

6.1.2 BFD ............................................................................................................................ 14

6.1.3 BGP ............................................................................................................................ 14

6.1.4 Business..................................................................................................................... 14

6.1.5 Ethernet .................................................................................................................... 14

6.1.6 LAG ............................................................................................................................ 15

6.1.7 Frame Relay .............................................................................................................. 15

6.1.8 MPLS.......................................................................................................................... 15

6.1.9 PPP or HDLC .............................................................................................................. 16

6.1.10 MLPPP ................................................................................................................... 16

6.1.11 Physical Layer ........................................................................................................ 16

6.1.12 Pseudowire ........................................................................................................... 17

6.1.13 GRE Tunnel ............................................................................................................ 17

6.1.14 VPN ........................................................................................................................ 17

6.1.15 VLAN Service Links ................................................................................................ 17

6.1.16 MPLS-TE Tunnel .................................................................................................... 18

6.1.17 MPLS-TP Tunnel .................................................................................................... 18

6.1.18 FC and FCoE ........................................................................................................... 18

6.1.19 Entity Association .................................................................................................. 19

6.2 Discovery Techniques .................................................................................. 19

6.2.1 ATM VC Counters ...................................................................................................... 20

6.2.2 CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) ................................................................................. 20

6.2.3 LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) ........................................................................ 20

6.2.4 PNNI Information ...................................................................................................... 21

6.2.5 BFD Session Source and Destination ........................................................................ 21

6.2.6 BGP Information ....................................................................................................... 21

6.2.7 MAC ........................................................................................................................... 21

6.2.8 REP (Resilient Ethernet Protocol) ............................................................................. 21

6.2.9 LACP .......................................................................................................................... 21

6.2.10 OAM ...................................................................................................................... 21

6.2.11 MLPPP Endpoint Identifier .................................................................................... 21

6.2.12 GRE Tunnel Information ....................................................................................... 22

6.2.13 Pseudowire Information ....................................................................................... 22

6.2.14 VLAN ID Matching ................................................................................................. 22

6.2.15 Route Targets ........................................................................................................ 22


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6.2.16 Physical Layer Counters ........................................................................................ 22

6.2.17 IP Testing ............................................................................................................... 22

6.2.18 STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)................................................................................ 23

6.2.19 MPLS-TE Information ............................................................................................ 23

6.2.20 MPLS-TP Information ............................................................................................ 23

6.2.21 UCS Internal Connectivity ..................................................................................... 23

6.2.22 WWN ..................................................................................................................... 24

6.2.23 Entity Association Information ............................................................................. 24

6.2.24 Static ..................................................................................................................... 24


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2 Supported Technologies in Prime Network Table 2-1 lists the technologies supported in Prime Network 4.0, and the level of support provided for each technology. Note that the fact that a specific technology is listed in Table 11-1 does not imply that every aspect of the relevant standard is represented and supported. In addition, the specific level of support provided for a particular technology on individual network elements can vary. For details on technology support on individual VNEs, see Cisco Prime Network Supported Cisco VNEs. The supported technologies table indicates the level of support that Prime Network provides for the various technologies, as follows:

Element modeling—Device-level inventory, support for events.

Network modeling—Support for flows (correlation, path trace).

Topology view—Technologies for which links are auto-discovered, and technologies that can be viewed in the context of topological links in a map.

Note: Please refer to the Prime Network Technology Center on Cisco Developer Network (CDN) for information about technology IMOs and their attributes.

Table 2-1 Supported Technologies

Technology Family

Technology Group

Technology Element Modeling

Network Modeling

Topology View

Network (L3)

IP IP (including IPv6) Yes Yes

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Yes Yes

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Yes

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)

Yes Yes Yes

Carrier Grade NAT Yes

IP SLA Responder Yes

6PE Yes Yes

6RD Yes

X-LAT Yes

Access Control Lists (ACLs) Limited

VRRP Yes

IP Address Pool Yes

Routing Protocols

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Multiprotocol extensions (MP-BGP), external BGP (eBGP), internal BGP (iBGP)

Yes Yes Yes

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and OSPFv3

Yes

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

Yes

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps11879/products_user_guide_list.html


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Technology Family

Technology Group


Network Modeling

Topology View

Network (L3) (cont’d)

Multicast Protocols

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

Yes

Protocol Independent Multicasting (PIM)

Yes

VPN and VRF Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)

Yes Yes Yes

VRF-Lite (Multi-VRF) Yes Yes

VPN Yes Yes

CSCVPN Yes

6VPE Yes Yes Yes

Multicast VPN (mVPN) Yes

BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

Yes Yes

SBC Session Border Controller Yes

BNG (Broadband Network Gateway)

Subscriber Access Points (1:1, 1:N access VLAN config)

Yes

BBA (Broadband Access Group)

Yes

Dynamic Config Templates Yes

IPV4 DHCP Profiles Yes

Hybrid Network/ Data Link (L3/2)

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Yes Yes Yes

Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

Yes

Multicast Label Distribution Protocol (mLDP)

Yes

MPLS TP MPLS TP Yes Yes Yes

MPLS TE Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering (MPLS TE)

Yes Yes Yes

P2MP (Point-to-Multipoint) TE

Yes Yes Yes

MPLS TE Fast Reroute (MPLS TE FRR)

Yes

Pseudowire

Pseudowire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3)

Yes Yes Yes

VCCV Yes

Pseudowire Redundancy Yes

Static Pseudowire Yes

TDM Pseudowire Yes Yes Yes

Multi-segment Pseudowire Yes Yes Yes

ATM over Pseudowire (ATM PW)

Yes Yes Yes

PW-to-TP Tunnel Mapping Yes Yes

PW-to-TE Tunnel Mapping Yes Yes


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Technology Family

Technology Group


Network Modeling

Topology View

Hybrid Network/ Data Link (L3/2) (cont’d)

Pseudowire (cont’d)

Pseudowire Headend [PW-HE]

Yes Yes

Clocking IE1588 Yes

SyncE Yes

ACR Yes

Fiber Channel Fiber Channel (FC) Yes Yes

Fiber Channel Over Ethernet (FCoE)

Yes Yes

Fiber Channel Aggregation Yes

VSAN (Virtual Storage Area Network)

Yes

Data Link/MAC (L2)

Ethernet Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Yes Yes Yes

VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) Yes Yes Yes

QinQ (IEEE 802.1ad) Yes Yes

LAG (IEEE 802.3ad) Yes Yes Yes

Ethernet Channel Yes Yes Yes

STP (IEEE 802.1D) Yes Yes

RSTP (IEEE 802.1w) Yes Yes

PvSTP Yes Yes

MST (IEEE 802.1s) Yes Yes

SVI Limited

VTP Yes

REP Yes REP

VPLS Yes Yes Yes

H-VPLS Yes Yes Yes

VSI Yes Yes Yes

PBB Yes

EFP Yes Yes Yes

Access Gateway Yes

mLACP (ICCP Redundancy Group)

Yes

Virtual Port Channel (vPC) Yes

Fabric Path Yes

Ethernet OAM CFM (Cisco and Draft 8.1) Yes

Link OAM Yes

Ethernet LMI Yes

Y.1731 Probes Yes

ATM ATM Yes Yes

IMA Yes Yes

ATM Cross-Connect Yes Yes

ATM OAM Yes

IP over ATM (MPoA 1483R) Yes Yes

Ethernet over ATM (MPoA1483B)

Yes Yes

Frame Relay Frame Relay Yes Yes

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

Limited


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Technology Family

Technology Group


Network Modeling

Topology View

Data Link/MAC (L2) (cont’d)

PPP Point To Point Protocol (PPP) Yes Yes

PPPoA, PPPoE, PPPoFR Yes

Multilink PPP Yes Yes Yes

HDLC High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)

Yes Yes

L2TP Layer 2 Tunnel Protocol (L2TP)

Limited

Discovery Protocols

CDP, LLDP Yes

Local Switching

Local Switching Yes Yes

Physical Layer (L1)

xDSL Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL)

Yes

IPoDWDM Internet Protocol over Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (IPoDWDM)

Yes

SONET/SDH SONET/SDH Yes

TDM/DSx TDM Yes

DSx Yes

CEM Yes

T3/E3 Yes

Channelized T3, OC3, DS3 interface

Yes

Serial Serial Yes

Hardware Pluggable Transceiver Yes

Mobility GGSN GGSN Yes

APN APN Yes

GTPU GTPU Yes

S-GW S-GW Yes

P-GW P-GW Yes

SAE-GW SAE-GW Yes

EGTP EGTP Yes

GTPP GTPP Yes

QCI-QoS Mapping

QCI-QoS Mapping Yes

APN Profile APN Profile Yes

APN Remap APN Remap Yes

Operator Policy

Operator Policy Yes

Active Charging Services

Active Charging Services Yes

AAA Radius Radius Yes

Diameter Diameter Yes

QoS QoS QoS Yes

Access control & Service Policy

Access control & Service Policy

Yes


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Technology Family

Technology Group


Network Modeling

Topology View

Virtualization Compute Virtualization

Hypervisor, Virtual Machines, Virtual Data Stores, Virtual Clusters, Compute Resource Pools, Virtual Interfaces on Host/VM

Yes Yes (Entity Association across devices)

Network Virtualization

Satellite/Cluster Yes Yes

Cable MAC Domain MAC Domain Yes

DTI Client DTI Client Yes

NarrowBand Channels

NarrowBand Channels Yes

WideBand Channels

WideBand Channels Yes

Fiber Node Fiber Node Yes

QAM Domain QAM Domain Yes

3 Technology Support Based on Schemes

Technology

Scheme

Product IpCore

6PE and 6VPE-based IPv6 Connectivity No Yes

6RD Yes Yes

AAA Yes No

Access Gateway Yes Yes

ACL Yes Yes

ACR Yes Yes

ACS Yes No

APN Profile Yes No

APN Remap Yes No

ATM Yes Yes

ATM Cross-Connect Yes Yes

ATM OAM Yes Yes

ATM over Pseudowire (ATM PW) No Yes

ATM PW No Yes

Backup Pseudowire No Yes

BFD Yes Yes


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Technology

Scheme

Product IpCore

BGP Yes Yes

BNG No Yes

Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC) No Yes

CDP Yes Yes

CEM Group Yes Yes

CFM Yes Yes

CGN Yes Yes

Crypto Template Yes No

Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) Yes Yes

DTI Client Yes No

EAP Profile Yes No

EFP Yes Yes

EGTP (Evolved GPRS Tunnel Protocol) Yes No

EOAM Probes Yes No

EPDG Yes No

Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Yes Yes

Ethernet LMI Yes Yes

Ethernet OAM Yes Yes

Ethernet over ATM(MPoA1483B) Yes Yes

EVC SVI Services Yes Yes

FA Yes No

Fiber Channel Aggregation Yes No

Fiber Channel (FC) Yes No

Fiber Channel Over Ethernet (FCoE) Yes No

Fiber Node Yes No

Frame Relay Yes Yes

GGSN Yes No

GRE Yes Yes

GTPP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol Prime) Yes No

GTPU Yes No

HA Yes No

HDLC Yes Yes

Hierarchical VPLS No Yes

HSGW Yes No

HSRP Yes Yes


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Technology

Scheme

Product IpCore

IE1588 Yes Yes

IMA Yes Yes

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Yes Yes

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) No Yes

IP Address Pool * No Yes

IP and ARP Yes Yes

IP Multicast No Yes

IP over ATM (MPoA 1483R) Yes Yes

IP Routing Yes Yes

IPoDWDM Yes Yes

IPSec Yes Yes

IPSLA Probes (Y.1731) Yes Yes

IPSLA Responder Yes Yes

IPv6 Yes Yes

IRB/BVI Yes Yes

IServer Yes No

ISIS No Yes

L3 VPN and VRF* No Yes

LAC Yes No

LAG (IEEE 802.3ad) Yes Yes

LLDP Yes Yes

LMA Yes No

Local Switching Yes Yes

MAC Domain Yes No

MAG Yes No

mLACP (ICCP Redundancy Group) Yes Yes

MLPPP Yes Yes

MME Yes No

MP-BGP* No Yes

MPLS No Yes

MPLS Multicast No Yes

MPLS P2MP TE No Yes

MPLS TE-Tunnel (including FRR) No Yes

MPLS TP No Yes

MST (IEEE 802.1s) Yes Yes


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Technology

Scheme

Product IpCore

MST-AG/REP-AG Yes Yes

Multi-segment Pseudowire No Yes

NarrowBand Channels Yes No

OSPF Yes Yes

PBB Yes Yes

PDSN Yes No

P-GW Yes No

Policy Yes No

POS Yes Yes

PPP Yes Yes

Protocol Independent Multicasting (PIM) No Yes

Pseudowire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3)

No Yes

Pseudowire Headend (PW-HE) No Yes

Pseudowire Redundancy No Yes

PTP 1588 Yes Yes

PvSTP Yes Yes

PW VCCV No Yes

PW-to-TE Tunnel Mapping No Yes

PW-to-TP Tunnel Mapping No Yes

QAM Domain Yes No

QCI Yes No

QinQ (IEEE 802.1ad) Yes Yes

QoS Yes Yes

REP Yes Yes

RSTP (IEEE 802.1w) Yes Yes

Satellite Yes Yes

SBC No Yes

SCTP Yes No

SGSN Yes No

S-GW Yes No

SONET/SDH Yes Yes

SPI Yes No

STP (IEEE 802.1D) Yes Yes

SVI No Yes


OL-29352-01 9

Technology

Scheme

Product IpCore

SyncE Yes Yes

TDM Yes Yes

TDM Pseudowire No Yes

TDM PW No Yes

Transform Set Yes No

VC Switching Yes Yes

Virtual Port Channel (vPC) Yes Yes

Virtualization Yes No

VLAN (IEEE 802.1Q) Yes Yes

VPLS No Yes

VRRP Yes Yes

VSAN (Virtual Storage Area Network) Yes No

VTP (VLAN Trunk and Tunneling) Yes Yes

Wideband Channels Yes No

* MPBGP, IP Pool and VRF technology is supported in product scheme for ASR 5000 alone

4 Schemes Used by Device Type

Device Types

Scheme

Product IpCore

Data Center

Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 61xx Series Switches X —

Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) 62xx Series Switches X —

Optical Transport

Cisco Carrier Packet Transport (CPT) 200 X X

Cisco Carrier Packet Transport (CPT) 600 X X

Security Appliances

Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance 5550 Series X —



Access Servers / Gateways

Cisco Access Server 5800 X —

Cisco Access Server 5300 X —

Radio Frequency (RF) Gateways


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Device Types

Scheme

Product IpCore

Cisco RF Gateway 10 Series X —

Routers

Cisco 800 Series Routers X —



Cisco 1700 Series Modular Access Routers X —

Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers X —

Cisco 2000 Series Connected Grid Routers X X

Cisco CSR 1000v Cloud Service Routers X X


Cisco 2600 Series Multiservice Platform Routers X —


Cisco 3600 Series Multiservice Platform Routers X X

Cisco 3700 Series Multiservice Access Routers X X

Cisco 3800 Series Integrated Services Routers X X

Cisco 7200 Series Routers X X







Cisco XR 12000 Series Routers X X

Cisco CRS Carrier Routing System (CRS-1 and CRS-3) — X

Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers X X

Cisco ASR 1000 Series Aggregation Services Routers X X

Cisco MWR 2900 Series Mobile Wireless Routers X X



Cisco 3900 Series Integrated Services Routers X X

Cisco Universal Broadband Router 7200 Series X X

Cisco Universal Broadband Router 10000 Series X X


Cisco ASR 901 Aggregation Services Series Routers X X

Cisco ASR 903 Aggregation Services Series Routers X X


OL-29352-01 11

Device Types

Scheme

Product IpCore

Cisco ASR 5000 Aggregation Services Series Routers X —

Switches

Cisco Catalyst 1900 Series Switches X —

Cisco ME 2600X Ethernet Access Switches X X

Cisco 2500 Series Connected Grid Switches X —


Cisco ME 3400 Series Ethernet Access Switches X —

Cisco Catalyst 3500 XL Series Switches X —




Cisco Catalyst 3750 Metro Series Switches — X




Cisco ME 4900 Series Ethernet Switch X —


Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series (CatOS) Switches X X

Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series (IOS) Switches X X

Cisco ME 6500 Series Ethernet Switches (6524) X X

Cisco ME 3600X Series Ethernet Access Switches X X

Cisco ME 3800X Series Carrier Ethernet Switch Routers X X

Cisco Nexus 7000 Series Switches X —




Cisco ACE 4700 Series Access Control Engine X —

Cisco Service Control Engine X —

Cisco MDS 9500 Series Multilayer Directors X —

Cisco MDS 9100 Series Multilayer Fabric switches X —

Generic Devices

Generic devices X —


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5 Reduced Polling Supported VNE’s:

Cisco 10000 Series Routers

Cisco 12000 Series

Cisco 1900 Series Integrated Services Routers

Cisco 2000 Series Connected Grid Routers



Cisco 7200 Series

Cisco 7600 Series

Cisco ASR 1000 Series





Cisco CPT Series

Cisco CSR 1000v Series

Cisco Carrier Routing System

Cisco Catalyst 3750 Metro Series

Cisco Catalyst 4500 Series

Cisco Catalyst 4900 Series

Cisco Connected Grid Switch 2500 Series

Cisco MDS 9000 Series

Cisco ME 26xx Series

Cisco ME 3400 Series

Cisco ME 3600X Series

Cisco ME 3800X Series

Cisco ME 4900 Series

Cisco MWR 2900 Series

Cisco Nexus 10xx Series

Cisco Nexus 3000 Series



Cisco XR 12000 Series

Cisco uBR10000 Series

Cisco RFGW-10 Series


OL-29352-01 13

6 Supported Topologies in Prime Network The following topics describe the types of topologies supported by Prime Network. It also explains how Prime Network discovers and displays these topologies.

6.1 Supported Topology Types The following topology types are supported by Prime Network 4.0:

6.1.1

6.1.2

6.1.3

6.1.4

6.1.5

6.1.6

6.1.7

6.1.8

6.1.9

6.1.10

6.1.11

6.1.12

6.1.13

6.1.14

6.1.15

6.1.16

6.1.17

FC and FCoE

Entity Association

6.1.1 ATM The ATM topology represents the link between two ATM ports that are connected in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are ATM IMOs (ATM Interface (IAtm)), which represent the ATM port or interface. Link type: ATM or PNNI Discovery technique for ATM link:

ATM VC Counters

CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)

Static Verification Technique: Physical Layer Counters Discovery technique for PNNI link:

6.2.4 Note: PNNI support is very limited.


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6.1.2 BFD The BFD topology represents a BFD session with verified BFD connectivity between two endpoints in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are the BFD Service IMOs (BFD Service (IBfdService)), which represent the BFD service running on the router. Link type: BFD Discovery and verification technique: 6.2.5

6.1.3 BGP The BGP topology represents a TCP connection between two BGP entities which facilitate the “BGP neighborhood” in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are the MPBgp IMOs (Multi Protocol BGP Entity (IMPBgp))which represent the BGP service running on the router. Link type: BGP Discovery and verification technique: BGP Information

6.1.4 Business The Business topology does not represent any specific link or relationship in the network. It can represent the relationship between any two objects in the model, which can be business objects or network objects. These links are created in the Prime Network gateway.

6.1.5 Ethernet The Ethernet topology represents a link between two Ethernet ports, which are connected in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are Ethernet IMOs (Ethernet Interface (IEthernet)), which represent the Ethernet ports. Prime Network conducts a discovery of the Ethernet data link layer topology by using various types of data. This includes information from, for example, OAM, CDP, LLDP, STP, and can include MAC learning information. All types of data are collected and, based on priority, used to verify the adjacency between two ports. Certain data that is used for discovery might be device specific. For example Inter Chassis Link and Inter Rack Link information that is available only for specific device type. Note: Many service providers use L2PT to configure customer access to VLAN ports. This

avoids the need to process Layer 2 protocols such as CDP. In these scenarios, discovery may create links between ports that are not directly connected, because the Layer 2 protocol information is tunneled and does not reflect the actual physical links. This problem can be overcome by configuring static links on these ports. These static links will override any incorrect dynamically discovered links.

Link type: Ethernet Discovery techniques:

OAM

MAC


LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol)

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)


OL-29352-01 15

REP (Resilient Ethernet Protocol)

LACP

Inter Chassis Link / Inter Rack Link

UCS Internal Connectivity

Static Verification Technique: Physical Layer Counters and all of the above discovery techniques except MAC.

6.1.6 LAG The LAG topology represents a link between two LAG or EtherChannel interfaces that are connected in the network. The underlying physical links do not have to be discovered for the LAG link to be discovered. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are indicated in the Data Link Aggregation Container IMO (IDataLinkAggregationContainer), which points to the LAG or EtherChannel underline ports. Link type: LAG Discovery and verification techniques:

MAC

STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

REP (Resilient Ethernet Protocol)

LACP

Static

6.1.7 Frame Relay The Frame Relay topology represents a link between two Frame Relay ports that are connected in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are FrameRelay IMOs (Frame Relay Interface (IFrameRelay/IFrTrunk)), which represent the Frame Relay ports. Frame Relay links between Cisco devices with CDP enabled can be discovered dynamically. For all other cases, static topology configuration should be used. Link type: Frame Relay Discovery techniques:


Static Verification Techniques: The above discovery techniques and Physical Layer Counters.

6.1.8 MPLS The MPLS topology represents adjacent MPLS interfaces in the network. These MPLS interfaces forward MPLS (labeled) traffic between them. Labels may be learned using discovery protocols, such as LDP or TDP (Cisco), or may be manually configured. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are MPLS IMOs (IMpls), which represent the MPLS interfaces.


16 OL-29352-01

Prime Network discovers MPLS network layer topology by searching for the existence of the local IP subnet in any one-hop-away remote side’s MPLS Interface. In particular, it compares the local and remote IP subnets gathered from the upper IP network layers. Link type: MPLS Discovery and verification techniques: IP Testing

6.1.9 PPP or HDLC The PPP or HDLC topology represents a link between two PPP or HDLC ports that are connected in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are PPP and HDLC IMOs (IEncapsulation), which represent the PPP / HDLC encapsulation of the port. Prime Network performs discovery of PPP or HDLC topologies by searching for the local IP subnet in any one-hop-away remote side’s PPP or HDLC interface. In particular, it compares the local and remote IP subnets gathered from the upper IP Network layers. Link type: PPP/HDLC Discovery techniques:

IP Testing


Static Verification Techniques: Physical Layer Counters.

6.1.10 MLPPP The Multilink PPP topology represents a link between two Multilink PPP Interfaces. Multilink PPP is a named virtual interface with aggregate multiple PPP member interfaces. Link type: MLPPP Discovery and Verification Technique: MLPPP Endpoint Identifier.

6.1.11 Physical Layer The Physical Layer topology represents a link between the physical layers of two ports connected in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints are IMOs that inherit from the physical layer IMO (IPhysicalLayer), such as SONET/SDH Physical (ISonetSdh) and DS3 Channelized Interface (IDS3PdhChannelized), which represent physical layers of a port. In Prime Network’s topology discovery implementation, physical layer (Layer 1) discovery is coupled with data link layer (Layer 2) discovery. Link type: Physical Discovery techniques: By default, the physical layer does not have techniques for discovery, but rather complements the discovery of Layer 2 in the following ways:

Ports from the same device are not connected (this validation is done in the physical layer).

Static Verification Technique: Physical Layer Counters


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6.1.12 Pseudowire The Pseudowire topology represents a link between the endpoints of an MPLS-based pseudowire tunnel in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are PTP Layer 2 MPLS tunnel IMOs (IPTPLayer2MplsTunnel), which represent the pseudowire tunnel endpoints. Prime Network discovers PWE3 Network layer topology by searching for matches between the local and remote router IP addresses in any one-hop-away remote side’s PTP Layer 2 MPLS tunnel. In particular, it compares the local and remote router IP addresses and tunnel identifications. Link type: Tunnel Discovery and verification technique: Pseudowire Information

6.1.13 GRE Tunnel The GRE Tunnel topology represents a link between the endpoints of a GRE tunnel in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are GRE Tunnel IMOs (Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnel Interface (ITunnelGRE)), which represent the GRE tunnel endpoints. Prime Network discovers the GRE topology by comparing the source and destination IP address on both sides accordingly. Link type: GRE tunnel Discovery and verification technique: GRE Tunnel Information

6.1.14 VPN The VPN topology represents a link between two VRFs that are part of a VPN. In other words, VPN traffic can pass between customer sites connected to these VRFs. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are VRF IMOs (Virtual Routing Forwarding (VRF) Entity (IVrf)), which represent the VRF forwarding entities in the network element. Prime Network discovers MPLS-BGP-based VPN network topology by searching for the existence of a local VRF entity’s imported route taget among the exported route targets of any remote side. Link type: VPN or VPNv6 Discovery and verification techniques: Route Targets for either IPv4 or IPv6 address families.

6.1.15 VLAN Service Links A VLAN service link represents either an Ethernet or a LAG link in the context of a specific VLAN. It connects two Ethernet Flow Point entities, which represent Ethernet or LAG ports in the context of a specific VLAN, or with VLAN match criteria. The two Ethernet Flow Points can reside in the same Layer 2 domain, or connect between two different Layer 2 domains when a VLAN TAG manipulation is used. The VLAN service links are not discovered using the standard topology mechanism that resides in the VNE layer, but rather by the Carrier Ethernet discovery. The discovery mechanism uses Ethernet and LAG links, VNE inventory modeling information of the Ethernet/LAG interfaces, and Ethernet Flow Point entities as inputs for the VLAN service


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link discovery process. Link type: VLAN Discovery and verification techniques: VLAN ID Matching.

6.1.16 MPLS-TE Tunnel The MPLS-TE Tunnel topology represents a unidirectional link between the TE tunnel interface, which is the head of the TE tunnel, and the Label Switching Entity (LSE), which is the tail of the TE tunnel. The head of the TE tunnel is represented by the MPLS-TE Tunnel IMO (IMplsTETunnel) and the tail of the TE tunnel is represented by the Label Switching Entity IMO (ILSE), which is the MPLS forwarding component on the destination VNE. MPLS TE tunnels also have mid-points, which are not represented in the MPLS-TE tunnel topology. Link type: MPLS-TE, P2MP MPLS-TE The link is unidirectional and represents a flow from the head to the tail of the TE tunnel. Link type ‘MPLS-TE’ will be used when TE tunnel has a single LSP (i.e. for point to point) and ‘P2MP MPLS-TE’ will be used for TE tunnel with multiple LSPs (i.e. for point to multi point). Discovery and verification techniques: MPLS-TE Information

6.1.17 MPLS-TP Tunnel The MPLS-TP Tunnel topology represents a bidirectional link between two TP tunnel interfaces, which represent the two edges of the TP tunnel. A TP tunnel interface is represented by the IMPLSTPTunnelEP IMO. MPLS-TP tunnels also have mid-points, which are not represented as part of the MPLS-TP tunnel topology. Link type: MPLS-TP. The link is bidirectional. Discovery and verification techniques: MPLS-TP Information

6.1.18 FC and FCoE The Fibre Channel (FC) and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) topology represents a link between two native Fibre Channel interfaces or between two Fibre Channel components of FCoE interfaces that are connected in the network. In the VNE model, the endpoints of the link are Fibre Channel IMOs (IFiberChannel), which represent the underlying native (FC) or virtual (FCoE) Fibre Channel ports. Note: Fibre Channel interfaces can be connected in a point-to-point, arbitrated loop, or

switched fabric topology. Prime Network supports link discovery only for the switched fabric, discovering links on extension and node ports.

Link type: Fibre Channel Discovery and verification techniques: WWN


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6.1.19 Entity Association The Entity Association topology represents a link between two related entities located in two different VNEs representing physical or virtual devices. In the VNE model, the end points of the link can be any component/IMO. In Prime Network 4.0, it is used to connect the physical and virtual entities as listed below:

Physical server (IServer IMO) & Virtual Device running on this server (IManagedElement IMO). Virtual devices include CSR1000v, Nexus1000v, VSG, etc.

Physical server (IServer IMO) & Host (IHost under virtualization inventory)

Virtual Machine (IVirtualMachine IMO) & Virtual Device (IManagedElement IMO) Note: In the above list, only item#1 will be shown as external link in the topology or

device map view. Item #2 & 3 are just hyperlink between components across VNEs and will not be visible in the topology view

Link type: Entity Association Discovery and verification techniques: Entity Association Information

6.2 Discovery Techniques Discovery takes place in two phases:

1. Discovery of existing links. 2. Verification that the link still exists (for each discovered link).

This following discovery techniques are used by Prime Network:

6.2.1

6.2.2

6.2.3

6.2.4

6.2.5

6.2.6

6.2.7

6.2.8 (Resilient Ethernet Protocol)

6.2.9

6.2.10

6.2.11

6.2.12

6.2.13

6.2.14

6.2.15

6.2.16


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6.2.17

6.2.18

MPLS-TE Information

MPLS-TP Information

UCS Internal Connectivity

WWN

Entity Association Information

6.2.24

Note: All supported discovery techniques are enabled by default. Only MAC discovery can be disabled using the registry. See the Cisco Prime Network Administrator Guide for more information.

6.2.1 ATM VC Counters

6.2.1.1 Same Active VCs In this technique, each side identifies a set of active ATM Virtual Connections (VCs) and looks for a match on another port in the network. An active VC is a VC that has a configured level of traffic. This technique supports configurations that have either the same VCs or the same VPs on both sides. It does not support a mixture of VCs on one side and VPs on the other side.

6.2.1.2 VC Traffic Signature Traffic signature is based on traffic pattern analysis. The underlying assumption of traffic pattern analysis is that network traffic variety ensures that every active link or active ATM VC in the network maintains a differential traffic “fingerprint”. Consequently, any two connected ports or VCs will have similar trend functions, which can be matched within reliable statistical significance.

6.2.2 CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) For Cisco devices, if CDP is enabled, its information will be used for discovery and verification. This includes any upper layer techniques, such as VC-related techniques in ATM or MAC in Ethernet. In this technique, the matching criterion is the CDP neighbor information. Please note the following limitations:

If a port has more than one CDP neighbor, no links will be created.

Ports in a multi chassis device will not be connected by CDP if there is no entry for them in the CDP neighbors table.

6.2.3 LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) If LLDP is enabled, its information will be used for discovery and verification. In this technique, the matching criterion is the LLDP neighbor information.


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6.2.4 PNNI Information In this technique, each port in the ATM switch is identified with two values:

Node ID.

Port ID.

6.2.5 BFD Session Source and Destination In this technique, the source and destination addresses of a BDF session are verified by matching them against the source and destination addresses of the potential adjacent neighbors. The session’s source address is matched to the neighbor’s destination address and the session’s destination source is matched to the neighbor’s source address since one side’s source is the other side’s destination. This method works on the assumption that multiple BFD sessions running on the same router cannot have the same source and destination address.

6.2.6 BGP Information In this technique, the local BGP identifier is compared to the remote BGP identifier or a potential neighbor for each BGP Neighbor Entry. This topology technique assumes uniqueness of the BGP identifier in the network.

6.2.7 MAC In this technique, the Ethernet port MAC is checked to see if it is the only one learned on the other Ethernet port (using bridge and ARP tables). This technique discovers links between two routers or the router and switch, but not between two switches (includes the generic VNE).

6.2.8 REP (Resilient Ethernet Protocol) If REP is enabled between switches, the information that is provided by the 'show REP topology' command is used to connect the topology according to the REP configuration.

6.2.9 LACP If the LAG is configured as LACP, actor and partner system ID are compared between the two devices (local actor = remote partner and vice versa).

6.2.10 OAM If OAM is configured between two devices, local and remote OAM MACs are compared between the two devices (local OAM MAC = remote OAM MAC and vice versa). This protocol has the highest priority and hence will be the first to be checked if it is enabled.

6.2.11 MLPPP Endpoint Identifier In this technique, the Local and the Remote MLPPP End Point Identifier are verified by matching them against the Remote and the Local MLPPP End Point Identifier of the potential adjacent neighbors. The Local MLPPP End Point Identifier is matched to the neighbor Remote MLPPP End Point Identifier.


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6.2.12 GRE Tunnel Information In this technique, each GRE tunnel is identified by the following criteria:

1. Source IP. 2. Destination IP.

Taking the example of two tunnels T1 and T2 to match, the source IP address of T1 is compared to the destination IP address of T2. Similarly, the destination IP address of T1 is compared to the source IP address of T2.

6.2.13 Pseudowire Information In this technique, each pseudowire is identified by the following criteria:

Local and Remote router IP.

Tunnel ID. Taking the example of two pseudowire tunnels Pw1 and Pw2 to match:

The local IP of Pw1 is compared to the remote IP of Pw2 and the remote IP of Pw1 is compared to the local IP of Pw2.

Tunnel ID

6.2.14 VLAN ID Matching In this technique, the VLAN configuration aspects of each pair of VLAN-enabled physically connected Ethernet ports will be inspected to identify which VLAN tagged traffic crosses this link. The type of VLAN configurations that are inspected include:

Switchport in all configuration modes (Access, Trunk, Dot1q_Tunnel), including the VLAN allowed and VLAN mapping.

L2 sub-interfaces/service instances configured on the Ethernet port, specifically the VLAN tag matching criteria.

L3 sub-interfaces configured on the Ethernet port, specifically the VLAN tag matching criteria.

6.2.15 Route Targets In this technique, each VRF is identified with the set of its import and export route targets (for either IPv4 or IPv6 address families). Atleast one pair of import or export route target of one VRF entity is matched to the export or import route target or the other VRF entity.

6.2.16 Physical Layer Counters The physical layer is used for topology verification (that is, if a link has already been discovered, it is tested periodically), which is done using counters. Physical layer counters are based on the port traffic signature, using octet-based or octet- and packet–based traffic. Using the port traffic signature, it is possible to disqualify a connection between two ports based on their counters.

6.2.17 IP Testing Prime Network uses IP testing (IPv4) to discover the topology for PPP/HDCL and MPLS technologies. In both cases, the IP test checks the IP configuration on the relevant


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interface(s) and verifies that there is a match. In this context, finding a match means that the IP configuration is compared using the primary IP subnet configured on the local and remote interfaces, and the local IP subnet is equal to or contained in the remote IP subnet. Note that there is an inherent limitation in using only the primary address and mask to define the IP subnet to be compared. This can cause issues when two interfaces are connected but have more than one address and, in either or both cases, the primary is from a different subnet. For example: We have two devices, Device1 and Device2. POS2/1 on Device1 is connected to POS1/1 on Device2. The configuration of Device1 is:

The configuration of Device is:

In this case, the two devices will not be connected.

6.2.18 STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) If STP is enabled between switches, the STP port information is used as follows: bridge ID, designated bridge, and port identifier are compared with the relevant remote information. If a match is found, a link is created. This STP discovery technique will only work when compatible STP protocols are running on both ports.

6.2.19 MPLS-TE Information The MPLS-TE tunnel source IP, destination IP and the tunnel ID information from the tunnel head (taken from the MPLS TE Tunnel) are compared with destination IP, source IP and the tunnel ID on the tail (taken from the MPLS TE Tunnel Segment of the LSE).

6.2.20 MPLS-TP Information The local router ID, remote router ID and the tunnel ID of one MPLS-TP tunnel edge are compared to the remote router ID, local router ID and tunnel ID of another MPLS-TP tunnel edge. The information is taken from the MPLS TP Tunnel EP.

6.2.21 UCS Internal Connectivity For UCS devices, links between different components of a device (Fabric Interconnects, IO Modules, and Blade Servers) are created based on peer information available via HTTP management. This information is shown also in the UCS Manager application. For example, FIC ports connected to the ports of an IO Module are shown in the “Peer” column of the “Fabric Ports” table under the corresponding IO Module node, and under Fabric Port nodes in UCS Manager.


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6.2.22 WWN WWN (World Wide Name) is a unique identifier of a Fibre Channel port. Fibre Channel switches of a fabric store a shared database of fabric ports that contains WWNs of each connected port (extension or node) and its peer. This information is used to discover pairs of connected ports in the network. WWN of a port is compared to the peer WWN of another port found in the FCS Database Entries table under a VSAN node of the logical inventory.

6.2.23 Entity Association Information Entity Association Information includes the below attributes which are matched against the related entities in two different VNEs 1. UUID (Universal Unique IDentifer) 2. IP Address 3. MAC Address 4. Name (Name can be the component/entity name or VNE name or SysName of Device) 5. Other matching parameter (Any other matching parameter of component/entity) In Prime Network 4.0, below are the attributes used:

Physical server to Host hyperlink UUID or IP (whichever is available and matching)

VM to Virtual device hyperlink IP address or Name or Other matching parameter (whichever is available and matching)

Physical server to Virtual device It depends on the above hyperlink creation

6.2.24 Static Static topology is simply a manual configuration of the topological links. The information on the links is persisted in the Prime Network registry under the VNE registry section.

Cisco Prime Network Supported Technologies and Topologies, 4.0

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