Cisco Live 2018 Barcelona - clnv.s3.amazonaws.com · IPoDWDM 10G/40G Pro-active FRR WSON and GMPLS...

IP+Optical and Multi-Layer Networking

Emerson Moura, Distinguished Systems [email protected]

Errol Roberts, Distinguished Systems [email protected]

BRKOPT-2002

© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public

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cs.co/ciscolivebot#BRKOPT-2002

• Introduction

• Converged Multi-Layer network architecture

• Network design considerations

• Control Plane and SDN considerations

• Use cases and benefits

• Conclusion

Agenda

Introduction

© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6BRKOPT-2002

IP Traffic Growth vs. Revenue Growth

Need to efficiently contain cost against flat revenue and high traffic growth

2010 2020

Year over Year Broadband Growth

50%

Revenue

Key Drivers: Video, Mobility, Cloud

Budget


How to contain cost in large network infrastructure build outs?

Moore’s Law

Higher interface speeds

Higher chassis capacities

Lower cost per unit

Better assets

utilization

Advanced traffic engineering

Data Analytics, Applications

Reduced amount of hardware

Improve

Network

Operations

Single pane of glass for the network

Automation, services orchestration

Services agility, speed

Doesn’t apply at the

same rate for Optical

technologies

Requires global network

view – beyond

organizational silos

Requires open APIs and

standard data models for

devices and services

Re-architect

network

Collapse layers

Minimize functional overlaps

Reduce amount of hardware

Requires synergies

between network layers

across the full lifecycle


How to contain cost in large network infrastructure build outs?

Moore’s Law

Higher interface speeds

Higher chassis capacities

Lower cost per unit

Better assets

utilization

Advanced traffic engineering

Data Analytics, Applications

Reduced amount of hardware

Improve

Network

Operations

Single pane of glass for the network

Automation, services orchestration

Services agility, speed

Doesn’t apply at the

same rate for Optical

technologies

Requires global network

view – beyond

organizational silos

Requires open APIs and

standard data models for

devices and services

Re-architect

network

Collapse layers

Minimize functional overlaps

Improved efficiency, new services

Requires synergies

between network layers

across the full lifecycle

New software stack and applications are required

to build and operate the network more efficiently


What’s the goal of Multi-Layer and how it aims to achieve it?

TCO Reduction

Faster Service

Activation

Automated Network

Optimizations

Unified Network Planing

Unified Network

Management

BRKOPT-2002 9


Multi-layer Network Architecture Business Value

• Reduce Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of WAN infrastructure

• 5-Year savings*:• Up to 50-60% on interfaces and DWDM ports;

• Up to 30-40% TCO;

• for WAN backbone and high-density Metro networks;

• Achieved via global optimization and simplified operations

• Value added: improved customer experience via end-to-end:

• New services with automation/orchestration

• Service optimizations with advanced SLAs

• Improved response times enabled by unified management and operations

10BRKOPT-2002

* Based on industry studies

Converged Multi-Layer Network Architecture


Multi-layer Network Concept

Present Mode of Operation Desired State

Big Picture

BRKOPT-2002 12

http://www.google.co.il/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ywnnhPJasGFvtM&tbnid=lAAVqiTB8JxU9M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://health.howstuffworks.com/brain-pictures.htm&ei=FKM9Uan5BIqmtAbG4IHIDQ&psig=AFQjCNGITueVSEkFXZymK0p9OmMyErDluQ&ust=1363080325225748


What’s the problem we are trying to solve?

• Infrastructure inefficiencies:• Over-engineering with overlapping protection – IP and Optical

• Deterministic aggregation of data (statistic) traffic

• Static path assignment to data traffic

• Bandwidth and spectrum fragmentation

• Excessive optical regeneration

• Operational inefficiencies:• Silo’d network planning and operations

• Lack of visibility and coordination across layers

• Lengthy, swivel chair operations

• Complex manual configurations

13BRKOPT-2002


Network Inefficiencies – a simple example

1+1

50% Efficiency

(1+1)2

25% Efficiency

1+0 1+0

1+1 1+1

IP DWDM DWDM IP

Assumption

Reality

Planning and Provisioning:

Days to weeks


Network Inefficiencies – adding complexity

1+1+R 1+0

1+0

IP DWDM DWDM IPOTN

(1+1+R)2

Mesh

Mesh

OTN

Mesh

Mesh

Mesh

Mesh

Assumption

Reality

Planning and Provisioning:

Weeks to months


High-level Multi-Layer Architecture

DWDM

OTN

Packet

Controller(s)

Services Orchestration

Applications

PCEP NC/YANG OF SNMP Other APIs

APIs

APIs

EM

S/N

MS

CLI


High-level Multi-Layer Architecture

• Functional layers:

• Application Layer – advanced traffic engineering, optimization, services creation

• Orchestration Layer – end-to-end services orchestration, automation workflows

• SDN Controller Layer – presents network abstractions to upper layers. May implement control plane functions.

• Network Elements – IP, OTN (optional) and DWDM elements.

• The architecture shall leverage:

• Global view and control for optimizations and activation

• Distributed control plane for fast reaction to local events

• Standard APIs and signaling interfaces as required by network design

DWDM

OTN

Packet

Controller(s)


Applications


APIs

APIs

EM

S/N

MS

CLI

Reference Slide


DWDM

OTN

Packet

Controller(s)


Applications


APIs

APIs

EM

S/N

MS

CLI

18BRKOPT-2002

High-level Multi-Layer Architecture Goals

Transport Layer Data Plane, Control Plane, APIs

IP LayerData Plane, Control Plane, APIs

Management & Orchestration

LayerApplications, Automation, APIs

Working as a

cohesive and

highly optimized

system.

Optimize

Plan

Deploy

Provision

Assure

Monitor

Network

Automation


DWDM

WSONPacket

IP/MPLS

Multi-Layer Controller(s)

Orchestration

Applications

PCEPNC/

YANGOF SNMP

Other

APIs

APIs

APIs

EM

S/N

MS

Multi-Layer Architecture Options from IP perspective

(a) Model with OTN Switching

DWDM

WSON

OTN

GMPLS

Packet

IP/MPLS/CEM

Multi-Layer Controller(s)

Orchestration

Applications

PCEPNC/

YANGOF SNMP

Other

APIs

APIs

APIs

EM

S/N

MS

(b) Model without OTN Switching *

BRKOPT-2002 19

* In this model, OTN may exist as a parallel service layer


IP+Optical Integration Technology Evolution

IPoDWDM

10G/40G

Pro-active

FRR

WSON and

GMPLS UNI

IPoDWDM

100G

Multi-Layer

Planning

Multi-Layer

SDN

Pluggable

DWDM

Routers add support

for DWDM optics

with G.709 framing.

First major

application to

leverage IP+Optical

integration.

Improved network

resiliency/

availability.

Introduction of an advanced

optical control plane to

DWDM networks.

First steps towards end-to-

end automation via cross-

layer signaling.

Simple, focus on

cost reductions.

100G optical costs start

to dominate.

IP+Optical integration

gets more attention.

SDN emerges with

Multi-Layer as use case.

Paradigm shift towards

end-to-end network

solution and global

traffic engineering with

less functional

overlaps.

Virtual

Transponder

Satellite

Optical Shelf

Logical Integration with

unified management.

Major architectural

change:

Global View and

Control for ultimate

network efficiency.

2014

Before 2007 Today

Emerging


Approaches to IP+Optical Integration

Data Plane

Control Plane

Management Plane

SDN and Orchestration

Application

Integration Layer

Scope of IP+Optical integration

Extended scope of Multi-Layer architecture

BRKOPT-2002 21

*implementation details and use cases supported varies by product and are subject to change.

Perc

eiv

ed v

alu

e

HW

SW


Data Plane IntegrationIP over DWDM (IPoDWDM)

• Traditional approach

• Router and Transponder managed separately

• No visibility between layers

• Inefficiency

Transponder Packet Node

S

R

S

R

ROADM

Transport NMS ControlRouter NMS Control

Packet Node ROADM

BRKOPT-2002

• IP + Optical integration

• Integrated management and monitoring

• Lower Capex and Opex

• Enhanced system resiliency with G.709 on router port

Grey optics(Short Reach)

Colored optics

22


Management IntegrationVirtual Transponder - Transponder Virtualized into the Optical Network EMS

Secure Management

Channel

ROADMRouter

Network Management

NCS 2000 Cisco Transport Controller Implementation of Virtual Transponder.

• Router Management

• L2/L3 interface information

• Routing protocols

• IP addressing

• Security

• DWDM Management

• L1 interface information

• Wavelength usage

• Power levels and thresholds

• Performance monitoring


Logical Integration

Transponder virtualized as part of the router operational system

• Transponder shelf becomes an extension of the router

• Power levels, OTN overhead, and alarms available in real-time on the router

• DWDM interface controlled and monitored by router

• Control Plane Interaction

Transponder

Optical

ShelfRouter

S

R

Line Card

S

R

ROADM

ShelfSecure

Management

Channel

Grey Optics

Cisco nV Optical Satellite


Control Plane IntegrationProactive FRR Protection

Reactive Protection

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

FEC

working

route

protect

route

fail

over

FEC Cliff

LOF

Time

Transponder

Proactive Protection

protect

route

working

route

FEC Cliff

Protection Trigger

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

SwitchFEC

Time

Router

IP-over-DWDMProactive Protection

Traditional


Main Challenges for IP+Optical Integration

• Multi-vendor:

• Proprietary optical interfaces

• Proprietary optical algorithms

• Proprietary management models

• Brownfield deployments

• Organizational alignment (silos)

• Incumbent optical vendor push back

• Professional skills

• Inertia

Technical Non-Technical

Note: most of the technical challenges have been addressed over the years.

BRKOPT-2002 26


Multi-Layer Applications

• Broad set of applications enabled by Services Orchestration, SDN/Controllers, APIs and data models

• Examples:

• Multi-layer network planning (growth and what-if scenarios)

• Multi-layer traffic engineering (off-line, on-line)

• Service portals, e.g. bandwidth on demand or calendaring, advanced SLAs based

• Operational applications:• Inventory and fault correlation

• MOP automation

• Closed loop automation

• SRLG avoidance

• Brownfield is possible often requiring systems integration

27BRKOPT-2002


• IP+Optical integration:

• Proven and deployed in single vendor and multi-vendor networks for various approaches;

• Studies have shown potential significant cost savings (up to >60% in # of IFs);

• Industry acceptance even by the traditional optical vendors;

• Evolution to Multi-Layer network architecture:

• Industry aligned on general concepts

• Maturing at the speed of SDN, orchestration and SDN applications

• Various implementations and approaches being developed

• Will bring further benefits when it’s fully ready

• Various standardization and open source efforts

State of the Industry for IP+Optical and Multi-Layer

BRKOPT-2002 28


Summary: IP+Optical Integration and Multi-Layer Integration

Data Plane

Control Plane

Management Plane


Application

IPoDWDM Line Cards, G.709

on router i/f, nV Optical shelf

GMPLS on IOS-XR and CTC

Pro-active FRR, SR, WSON

Virtual Transponder, EPN-M

XTC, NSO

WAE

HW/Logical Integration

Common protocols and

interfaces, Distributed CPs

Common FCAPS SW infra

Network abstractions,

End-to-end service models

Visualization, ML algorithms

Integration Layer Cisco Product examples*How it’s implemented


BRKOPT-2002 29

Perc

eiv

ed v

alu

e

HW

SW

Network Design Considerations


High-Level Multi-Layer Architecture Design Goals

Per capacity unit cost reduction- less hardware for a given traffic capacity -

Maximized channel and port usage- less fibers for same capacity -

Optimized transponders- less incremental hardware -

Optimized network design- Reduced hardware from day 1 -

CAPEX REDUCTION

Maximized restoration capabilities- self healing network -

Highly efficient Control Plane- automated optimization -

Simplified operations

- Unified Management, end-to-end orchestration, automation -

Environmental requirements- less energy, cooling & space per Gbps -

OPEX REDUCTION

Minimize hardware redundancy, functional overlap and associated costs at

maximal capacity while maintaining SLAs, accelerating and simplifying

operations.

BRKOPT-2002 31

Automated services


Technology Enablers for Multi-Layer networks

Silicon Flexible Optical LayerSW and Control Plane

High Scale NPUs

High Performance Optical

Channels:• 200G+ Coherent

• DSPs, Flexible modulation

• Adaptive Rates

Distributed + Centralized Intelligence(for both IP and Optical layers – SR + WSON/SSON)

Information Sharing Between Layers (signaling interfaces)

Apps for Optimization and Automation

Network APIs and data models

Complete Flexibility(CCFOS ROADMs)

Programmable

Massive Scale

Programmability, Convergence, and Scale

BRKOPT-2002 32


Multi-Layer architecture design General guidelines

1. Design a self-protected, scalable IP/MPLS services layer

2. Build a flexible optical network (e.g. CCOFS ROADM with WSON/SSON)

3. Define integration requirements based on use cases and end-goals

4. Evaluate performance requirements for the optical layer

5. Create a roadmap for SDN-enabled Multi-Layer applications

33BRKOPT-2002


IP/MPLS network design considerations

• IP/MPLS as forwarding plane for most L1-L3 transport services:• CEoPS, VPWS, VPLS > EVPN, L3VPN

• QoS for high-priority traffic protection from network congestion• Assumption: during optical restoration (slow) there may be network congestion

• Scalability and resiliency:• Distributed control plane for self-healing

• Centralized control plane for traffic engineering

• SR with TI-LFA: sub-50ms protection for any topology

• BGP PIC Core/Edge

• RFC 3107 BGP-LU, SR-TE

34BRKOPT-2002

1/2


IP/MPLS network design considerations

• Programmability and Simplicity:

• Segment Routing

• APIs:• Netconf/YANG

• PCEP

• BGP-LS

• others

• Control plane signaling:

• GMPLS-UNI

35BRKOPT-2002

2/2


The Foundation is the Dynamic Optical Layer

ROADM

RXTX RXTX

ML Restoration Step 0 – Bend but do

not Break! Protect traffic before failure

allowing near zero packet loss

Shared Risk Link Groups – End to End

circuit provisioning with knowledge of any

Optical infrastructure risks.

Coordinated Maintenance – Provide

proactive notification of maintenance

activity to connected NEs to proactively

route around maintenance node

ML Auto BW – Leverage CP to allow

upper layers to request circuit source and

destination with constraints

ML Restoration Step 1 – Leverage

proactive protection to protect circuit

then leverage CP to restore BW to

network utilizing same interface.

G.709 /

FEC

G.709 /

FEC

Routing

Engine

Routing

Engine

G.7

09 /

FE

C

G.7

09 /

FE

CX

FEC Cliff

FEC thres.

1 2

4 1

5

UNI-C

Diversity / SRLG /

Latency etc…

ROADMXProvide L1 visibility to L3 – L3 can react

to changes in L1

34

FEC Cliff

FEC thres.

Animated Slide


G.709 Hierarchy and Frame Structures

• G.709 defined a fixed “hierarchy” of payloads

• G.709 started as a digital wrapper around WDM client signals to improve reach and manageability.

• Recently it has developed into a complex multiplexing structure.

• ODU-Flex allows flexible sub wavelength grooming.

• Provides Forward Error Correction

• FEC extends reach and design flexibility, at “silicon cost”

• improves OSNR by > 6.2 dB (BER 10-15)

Payload

Frame Payload (OPU)

ODU0 1,238,954 kbit/s

OTU1 2,488,320 kbit/s

OTU2 9,995,276 kbit/s

OTU3 40,150,519 kbit/s

OTU4 104,355,975 kbit/s

ODU-Flex Flexible Data Rates

G.709 Hierarchy

G.709 Digital Wrapper

MultiplexingStructure

© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38

Coherent Detection Technology

Direct Detection

• Must correct for impairments in the physical domain (insert DCU’s)

• Forced to live with non-correctable impairments via network design (limit distance, regenerate, adjust channel spacing)

• Dumb detection (OOK), no Digital Signal Processing, only FEC

Coherent Detection

• Moves impairment correction from the optical domain into the digital domain

• Allows for digital correction of impairments (powerful DSP) vs. physical correction of impairments (DCU’s). Adds advanced FEC.

• Massive performance improvements over Direct Detection.

DDDD

DCU DCU DCU

Regen

CD

*DCU – Dispersion Compensation Unit

BRKOPT-2002


Trade off of Reach and Capacity

• Trunk interfaces with

programmable modulation

schemes

• Design algorithm should

choose modulation

schemes to minimize

interface/regenerator

count

BRKOPT-2002 39


Rigid Spacing

Wasted Spectrum

Superchannel with Minimal Spacing

Efficient Spectrum Use

Tightly spaced Superchannels deliver ~30% increase in capacity

50 GHz ITU Grid “Gridless or FlexSpectrum”

Traditionally DWDM capacity is limited by the channel spacing imposed by the 50GHz ITU grid

40BRKOPT-2002


Ch

3Ch3

FlexSpectrum WDM System Architecture

50Ghz ROADM

Ch

1

Ch

2

Ch

4

50GHz

Ch1 Ch2 Ch4

50GHz 50GHz

TX

1

TX

2

TX

3

TX

4

Today‘s 50GHz Grid SystemFlexSpectrum DWDM system

l

DSP-enabled

Transmitters

Signal Shaping

FlexSprectrum

ROADM

Denser Channel

Spacing

BRKOPT-2002 41


OTN Electrical SwitchingMaximum wavelength efficiency

Circuit add/drop capability

Protection and restoration schemes

OTN MuxpondingBetter wavelength efficiency

Sub-wavelength services

Multi-client support

Circuit-based management

OTN at a glance

Electrical OTN (OEO)

Optical OTN

Digital Wrapper (G.709)

Control Plane (GMPLS/ASON)

OTN TransportPoint-to-point wavelength services

Protocol transparency

OAM&P, Simple 1+1 protection

Components

Services

BRKOPT-2002 42


OTN Layer in context of the Multi-Layer Architecture

• OTN G.709 Wrapper:

• Robust encapsulation for TDM and IP interfaces – better OAM and longer distances

• Provides visibility of optical layer to IP layer

• Enables advanced applications like IP+Optical pro-active protection

• Available for both colored and grey interfaces

• Electrical OTN Switching:

• Finer bandwidth granularity to high speed wavelengths

• Cost effective support for high-speed TDM traffic with grooming and dense 3R regeneration

• Use it between if you really need it! - depends on the services mix

• OTN Control Plane (GMPLS):

• Circuit level service restoration over meshed networks (1+R or 1+1+R)

BRKOPT-2002 43

Multilayer Control Plane and SDN Considerations


Control Plane Principles

• Distributed control plane is key at both layers, and so is service programmability

• IP/MPLS Control Plane:

• Network programmability - Segment Routing

• Distributed control plane (OSPF/IS-IS) for predictable protection, self-healing and scale

• APIs to centralized software components (BGP-LS, PCEP, Netconf/YANG)

• Optical Control Plane:

• Optical control planes are slow, hence considered only for circuit restoration

• Distributed control plane (WSON) for self-healing and scale

• APIs to centralized software components (Netconf/YANG)

• Cross-layer signaling – GMPLS-UNI

• May not be required with a Multi-Layer controller/application

45BRKOPT-2002


Segment Routing

Path Options

DynamicHead-end computations

ExplicitOperator/Controller

Control Plane

Routing protocols

with extensions(OSPF, IS-IS, BGP)

SDN Controller

Data Plane

MPLSSegment Labels

IPv6SR Headers

• An IP/MPLS source-routing architecture

• Seeks right balance between distributedintelligence and centralized optimization

Path expressed in the packet DataDynamic Path

Explicit Path

RSVP-TE OpenFlow

Balance CentralizedDistributed

SR


Wavelength Switched Optical Network - WSON

• WSON is a GMPLS control plane which is “DWDM aware”:

• LSPs are wavelengths;

• Control plane is aware of optical impairments;

• Enables:• Wavelength setup on the fly;

• Wavelength re-routing (restoration – 1+R or 1+1+R);

• Wavelength revalidation against a failure reparation;

• Lowers CAPEX and OPEX of the end-to-end solutions even further;

BRKOPT-2002 47


WSON IntelligenceWSON Input

Linear Impairments

Power Loss

OSNR

CD

PMD

Non Linear Impairments

SPM

XPMFWM

Topology

Wavelength

Route Choice

Interface Type

Bit rate

FEC

Modulation

Regenerator capability

Service Creation

Wavelength assignment

Optical Path calculation

and provisioningNon Linear optical

impairments verification

Linear optical

impairments verification

BRKOPT-2002 48


FLOW – Flexible Lightwave Orchestration of Wavelengths(Flex Grid)

49BRKOPT-2002

Media-Channel: Continuous spectrum allocated from

Source to Destination

Super-Channel: set of homogeneous optical carrier(s) of

the same type

Carrier: Optical Channel carrying a portion or all of the client

payload

By default one MCH shall be associated to each SCH

Each MCH can be switched/routed independently

• The MCH has the information on Optical BW allocated

and the Path along the network

• The SCH has information on the channels contained, and

all the optical data

• Several MCHs can be aggregated to form a MCH-

GROUP.

• MCH-GROUP has the same Src/Dest/Path and are

managed as a single entity

Media-Channel

Group

Super-Channel

SCH1

Super-Channel

SCH2

Super-Channel

SCH3

Carriers Carriers

Carrier

Media-Channel

MCH2Media-Channel

MCH3

Media-Channel

MCH1


Local Optimization/Global Optimization for WSON

• Minimize the need for intensive optical Impairment calculation

• Develop new Algorithm (LOGO) to deal with complex propagation models of channel in fiber – Simple Analytical Formula

• Interactions of optical signal with fiber during transmission can be modeled as Gaussian Noise, similar to the noise introduced by optical amplification, when some conditions are verified:

• 100G coherent systems

• No Dispersion compensation of fiber link

• Sufficiently dispersive fibers (no DS fiber)

• The noise level depends on fiber characteristics, spectral density on fiber (channel grid) and per-channel power.

BRKOPT-2002 50


Agile Optical Layer

Colorless – ROADM ports are not

frequency specific (re-tuned laser does not

require fiber move).

Omni-Directional – ROADM ports are not

direction specific (re-route does not require fiber

move).

Contention-less - Same frequency can be

added/dropped from multiple ports on same device.

Flex Spectrum – Ability to provision the

amount of spectrum allocated to wavelength(s)

allowing for 400G and 1T channels.

Complete Control in Software, No Physical Intervention Required

Tunable Transponder – Color and

modulation. Ability to derive max b/w based on

distance and fiber quality.

WSONWavelength Switched Optical Network

Animated Slide

BRKOPT-2002 51


Agile Optical Layer

Colorless – ROADM ports are not

frequency specific (re-tuned laser does not

require fiber move).

Omni-Directional – ROADM ports are not

direction specific (re-route does not require fiber

move).

Contention-less - Same frequency can be

added/dropped from multiple ports on same device.

Flex Spectrum – Ability to provision the

amount of spectrum allocated to wavelength(s)

allowing for 400G and 1T channels.

Complete Control in Software, No Physical Intervention Required

Foundation for Multi-Layer Network Programmability

Tunable Transponder – Color and

modulation. Ability to derive max b/w based on

distance and fiber quality.

WSONWavelength Switched Optical Network

Animated Slide

BRKOPT-2002 51


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example

NCS2000

Network

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

BRKOPT-2002 58


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example Fiber Cut!

Path San Fran to LA

affected

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

BRKOPT-2002 59


Wavelength Switched Optical NetworkAuto Restoration Example No other path for blue

wavelength - other

wavelengths tried

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

BRKOPT-2002 60



Embedded WSON intelligence

locates and verifies a new path,

with new lambda

San Fran

San Jose

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

BRKOPT-2002 61



San Fran

San Jose

Same Router interfaces and

Transponders used!

LA

San Diego

NCS2000

Network

BRKOPT-2002 62


Restoration is Slower than Protection

• If rapid failure detection and recovery is needed it is assumed that existing packet IP/ MPLS mechanisms (e.g., BFD, IP-FRR, TE-FRR,LDP-FRR, mLDP-FRR, fast convergence) will be used for protection and recovery.

• IP+Optical Solutions can use Proactive Protection

• Protected services (Y-cable, PSM, FiberSwitch) could be used for valuable traffic to provide rapid protection at the optical layer.

• Restoration is slow (usually minutes)

63BRKOPT-2002


GMPLS UNI

• User-Network Interface (UNI) to implement an overlay model between two networks – with limited communication between them

• Enables a Cisco router to signal paths dynamically through a DWDM network

• Paths may be signaled with diversity requirements

• Building block for multi-layer routing

64BRKOPT-2002

H E L L Omy name is

I IPPH E L L O

my name is

Optical


Provisioning using GMPLS UNI ExampleConstrained Circuit Request

1. Operator requests a circuit between Source and Destination Router Interfaces

WSON

SanDiego DallasSan-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

1

BRKOPT-2002 65



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

2

2. Using GMPLS UNI, Head UNI-C signals UNI-N System requesting path to Destination

SanDiego Dallas

BRKOPT-2002 66



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

3. UNI-N Initiates WSON (C-SPF), and finds best path based on diversity requirements

3

SanDiego Dallas

BRKOPT-2002 67



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

4. Destination UNI-N node signals Tail UNI-C and requests DWDM interface to be set to

specific wavelength

4SanDiego Dallas

BRKOPT-2002 68



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

5. Ingress UNI-N signals Head UNI-C to set DWDM Interface to same wavelength

5SanDiego Dallas

BRKOPT-2002 69



WSON

San-

NCS2000

Head

UNI-C

Ingress

UNI-N

Dallas-

NCS2000

Tail

UNI-C

Egress

UNI-N

6. Router Interfaces come up, IGP Adjacencies Formed, traffic begins flowing

6

Int Hun0/0/0/0 up/up

ISIS nei relationship

SanDiego Dallas

BRKOPT-2002 70


What if we Integrate IP Control Plane with WSON?

• Optical circuit turn up time can be reduced:

• On Demand Bandwidth Provisioning via signaling

• Circuit request can be constrained to avoid risk sharing:

• SRLGs information shared via signaling

• Alarms from both layers can be correlated for easier troubleshooting

• Automated signaling can be used for maintenance coordination

• End-to-end network can be optimized:

• With centralized, Multi-layer Control Plane

BRKOPT-2002 71


Extended GMPLS UNI

Optimized for improved L2/L3 Service SLAs and TCO

LFA/TE FRR Fate-

Sharing from primary

WAN

Disjointness

for PoP

Homogenous

Latency and

Fate sharing

Bundle

SLA impact : downtime, latency, loss, predictability of service

TCO impact: SLA penalty, un-optimized capacity, support complexity

BRKOPT-2002 72


SRLG

#2

Router ARouter B

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B.” (basic provisioning)

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B, disjoint from circuit blue.”

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B, that avoids SRLG’s #1 and #2.”

SRLG

#1

Constraint Based Routing Example

[Router A] – “I need a wavelength to Router B, with ERO”

BRKOPT-2002 73


Enabling SDN for Multi-Layer

• In its simplest form SDN provides for external centralized control plane functions and APIs

• External applications can drive the network behavior

• Hybrid Multi-Layer SDN architecture is based on distributed control plane augmented with external control or applications for global view and control

• Opens the door to new use cases – new services, advanced traffic engineering, network optimizations

• Goal is to enhance distributed control plane, not to replace it

Optical Network with

WSON/SSON Dynamic Control Plane and

CCOFS ROADM

IP/MPLS Network with

Dynamic Control Plane

SDN Model

Multi Layer Global View

and Control

Applications

API

APIs

DWDM Layer

Multi-Layer Solution Components (Cisco examples)Based on current product portfolio and sales engagements (model without OTN)

SNMP NetFlowCORBA

YANG Models (NEDs)

NC/YANGCLIBGP-LS PCEP

Orchestration (NSO)

Network OperationsEMS/NMS for FCAPS, Assurance

Network AbstractionPath computation, Network models

Device AbstractionControllers, Plug-ins, NED’s (device models)

Protocols and InterfacesSB network protocols

Network DevicesEquipment, devices and network control

plane

MDT

UI/Portals (3rd Party, Custom)User/Operator InterfaceEnd-to-end operations

NCS 1000, NCS 2000

CCOFS ROADMs

3rd Party Controller(s)

Optical Control Plane:

WSON/SSON

Optical Plugin (NCS2K)

Network Apps (WAE) Controller(s) (XTC)

Management (EPN-M)

Service AbstractionService models & configuration

ASR9k,CRS,

NCS5500

IP/MPLS Control Plane:

LDP/RSVP-TE or SR-TE

IP-Optical Port

Mapping:

Manual or S-LMP

IP-Optical

Interconnect: Grey

Optics, IPoDWDM

IP/MPLS Layer

Other APIs


Network Services Orchestration(Cisco NSO by Tail-F)

Network Element Drivers (NEDs)

Service Manager

Device Manager

Physical Networks Virtual Networks

• VNFM

• Controller Apps

• EMS and NMS

Network Apps

Service

Model

Device

Model

Applications

REST, NETCONF, Java, Python, Erlang, CLI, Web UI

NETCONF, REST, SNMP, CLI, etc

Engineers

• Logically centralized network

services;

• Data models for data structures

• Structured representations of:

• Service instances;

• Network configuration and

state;

• Mapping service operations to

network configuration changes;

• Transactional integrity;

• Multi-protocol;

• Multi-vendor;

BRKOPT-2002 76


Network Planning, Traffic Engineering and Global OptimizationsCisco WAE – WAN Automation Engine

• Multi-Layer, multi-vendor network model for network visibility and path computation;

• Applications and APIs for planning, optimization, forecasting and traffic engineering;

• APIs for deploying changes in the network;

• WAE is not a controller – but it can leverage controllers.

BRKOPT-2002 77


SR-PCE

IP/MPLS Path ComputationCisco XTC – XR Transport Controller

• An XR-powered Statefull Path Computation Element (PCE);

• Multi-domain topology collection with real-time reactive feed;

• Path computation:

• Native SR-TE algorithms;

• Applicable to centralized and distributedcontrollers.

Multi-domain

TopologyComputation

Northbound API

Collection

BGP-LS

IS-IS/OSPF

Deployment

PCEP

BRKOPT-2002 78


Optical Controller

Optical Controller Capabilities Example

• Northbound and Southbound APIs

• YANG Data Modesl

• REST APIs (NB)

• CORBA, TL1, NC/YANG (SB)

• Collection and Deployment

• Collection• Topology

• Equipment inventory and states

• Traffic and services inventory and states

• Basic Service Deployment and Deletion

• Optical circuit feasibility calculations

Topology

Inventory

PCE

(e.g. LOGO)

Northbound API

Collection

ex. CORBA, NC/YANG

Deployment

ex. NC/YANG, CORBA, TL1

BRKOPT-2002 79


Transitional Path to SDN

• Two available paths:

1. Directly to a full SDN Architecture

2. A phased path

Rou ngDomain

DWDMDomain

• Independent IP/MPLS CP

• Independent Optical CP – WSON

• Wall separating layers

• No real information sharing

Present Mode of Operation

• Online Data Collection

• Multi Layer Co-ordination

• Multi Layer Feasibility / Restoration

• Online or manual Config

• Vendor Agnostic

Global Network Optimization App• Remove the Wall

• Centralized CP - Global Optimization

• Distributed CP – Fast Reaction

• Application driven

• Potentially vendor agnostic

SDN

CLI/TL1/SNMP/NetConfUNI..

OF/PCEP/I2RS/TL-1/UNI

UnifiedController

OpenAPIs

PlugIn

BWCalendaring

orNOS

PrimeCarrierManagement

OpenAPIs

PacketLayer

Op calLayer

x

Op onal:PushConfignLight

CentralCompute

NetworkCollec on/“Deployment”

NetworkOp miza on

Server

nLightERO

WSON

IP/MPLS

Option push configurations

BRKOPT-2002 80

Use Cases and Benefits


Use Cases for Multi-Layer Networks

Network ManagementMulti-layer management, data collection, analysis, correlation.

Single pane of glass for end-to-end network visualization.

Intelligent Service ActivationMulti-layer traffic engineering, constraint-based routing.

Optical network aware, on-demand or scheduled services.

Network OptimizationMulti-layer planning, what-if analysis and design across layers.

Online automated optimization across layers.

Coordinated RestorationMulti-layer restoration, IP protection plus optical restoration.

Re-use stranded network assets.

Bett

er

As

se

t U

tili

za

tio

nBe

ne

fit

Op

era

tio

n E

ffic

ien

cy

BRKOPT-2002 82


PacketLayer

Op calLayer

NOS(FormerlyMate)

SNMP/API

x

PRIME

nLightERO

Use Case 1 – Global Network Planning, Design and Optimization

• ML network design (Multi Domain);

• ML network collection online:

• Topology;

• Circuits;

• Resources;

• Offline Network Analysis:

• Impact Analysis;

• What if Scenarios;

• ML Restoration feasibility;

• ML Optimization;

• Coordinated Maintenance Feasibility;

• Online Network Config or user config;

• Vendor Agnostic leveraging Industry Proven tools and algorithms.

PacketLayer

Op calLayerNOS

(FormerlyMate)

SNMP/JavaLib

x

nLightERO

Reduce Op / Cap EX, Improve Availability

WAE

WAE

EMS

BRKOPT-2002 83

GMPLS-UNI GMPLS-UNI


Use Case 2 – Service Turn Up

GMPLS-UNI

• Supports Multi Layer Service Turn Up

• Leverage Constraint based routing

across all layers

• Single Domain, Single Vendor

IP/MPLS

DWDMnLightConstrainedbasedrequest

RouterService

Routertransport

nLightConstrainedbasedrequest

FailedCircuitCrea onA empt

SuccessfulCircuitCrea on

OOBcommunica on

1

2

2

1

SDN Controller + Orchestration

• Support Multi Layer Constraint based Service

Turn Up

• Global impact assessment across all layers

• Potentially Multi Domain / Multi Vendor

One Domain

Domain

#1 Domain

#2

Domain

#3

Reduce Op EX, Improve Availability, Increase Service Velocity

Orchestration

BRKOPT-2002 84

GMPLS-UNIGMPLS-UNI


Use Case 3: ML Restoration

IP/MPLS

DWDMnLightConstrainedbasedrequest

RouterService

Routertransport

nLightConstrainedbasedrequest

FailedCircuitCrea onA empt

OOBcommunica on

XX

Opera onalService

ReconvergedPacket

RestoredOp calService

GMPLS-UNI• Optimized for Local / DWDM faults

• Fastest for Protection and Restoration

• Highest availability– no connectivity concerns

• Optical Restoration is best effort unless designed

for any to any

SDN Controller• Optimized Disaster Recovery / Topology

Changes

• High Availability - will leverage Distributed CP

• Higher Layer Restoration based on Global view

One Domain

Domain

#1 Domain

#2

Domain

#3

Reduce Op / Cap EX – increase utilization

BRKOPT-2002 85

GMPLS-UNI GMPLS-UNI


What is Multi Layer Restoration Concept?

• MLR-O: restoration from failures in the optical domain, that can leverage the same router interfaces at both ends

• MLR-P: restoration from Network Element port failures, or the link between the router and the ROADM.

• MLR-A: restoration of edge Element capacity from a failure of an aggregation element.

• MLR-C: restoration of core network topology from failure of a core element.

• MLR-D: recovery from a large scale disaster that may involves an entire PoP, multiple fiber links or multiple elements.

BRKOPT-2002 86


Use Case 4: ML Re-Optimization

• Closed loop automation example

• ML network optimizations:

• Optimal routes after restore trigger cleared;

• Stranded BW;

• Congestive Spans;

• Express routes;

• “Hardwired” Interfaces;

• Topology or non-topology changing;

• User selectable time frames or event driven;

PacketLayer

Op calLayerCentralComputeON/offline

Plugin

Reduce Op / Cap EX, improve Availability, increase network longevity

SDN Controller

BRKOPT-2002 87

Reference Slide


Multi-Layer re-optimization opportunities

Use Cases

• Manual reoptimization – triggered by

L3 operator

• Manual reoptimization test –

allowing the operator to check how

the network could be reoptimized

without actually changing anything

• Periodic reoptimization – every X

hours/day or at certain times of the

day/month

• After recovery from a physical failure

that was restored via multi-layer

restoration

• Reopt requested by the optical layer

(via a path-error signaling

message).

*Future Possibility

*

BRKOPT-2002 88

Reference Slide


Use Case 5: Co-ordinated Maintenance

• Select maintenance node;

• Verify level of service impact by maintenance event;

• Route traffic around affected node:

• Wavelength and Packet;

• Notify time to start event;

• Restore traffic once maintenance complete.

PacketLayer

Op calLayerCentralComputeON/offline

Plugin

x

Reduce Op EX, improve Availability, improve SLAs

BRKOPT-2002 89

Reference Slide


Multi-Layer Network Business Benefits

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

DTyear1 DTyear5 TEFyear1 TEFyear5

Baseline

MLBO

MLBO+MLR-O

MLBO+MLR-O+MLR-P

IEEE Communication Magazine Jan-Feb 2014

~60% interface savings

Up to 60% interface savings as

capacty increases


Multilayer Optimization vs Single-layer Optimization Reference: IEEE OFC 2015 M. Khaddam (Thursday 8 am, invited)

SDN

Controller EMS

Applications

(Multi-layer, SPRING, etc)

WDM

Client

Summary

• Industry trends

• Converged Multi-Layer network architecture

• Network design considerations

• Control Plane and SDN considerations

• Use cases and benefits

Recap


Summary: It’s all about convergence!

Logical or Physical Convergence

Why?

• End-to-end Efficiency:

• Sharing relevant information across layers, global view and control;

• Network Agility:

• Automation, dynamic services capabilities, programmability;

• Operational Simplicity:

• Control plane simplifications, control plane integration, APIs;

• Major Business Benefits are there:

• Up to 45%+ TCO savings*.

*Based on Cisco and industry studies.

DWDM

OTN

Packet

Controller(s)


Applications


APIs

APIs

EM

S/N

MS

CLI



Data Plane

Control Plane

Management Plane


Application

Integration Layer

Scope of IP+Optical integration

Extended scope of Multi-Layer architecture

BRKOPT-2002 95


Perc

eiv

ed v

alu

e

HW

SW



96BRKOPT-2002

Data Plane

Control Plane

Management Plane


Application

IPoDWDM Line Cards, G.709

on router i/f, nV Optical shelf

GMPLS on IOS-XR and CTC

Pro-active FRR, SR, WSON

Virtual Transponder, EPN-M

XTC, NSO

WAE

HW/Logical Integration

Common protocols and

interfaces, Distributed CPs

Common FCAPS SW infra

Network abstractions,

End-to-end service models

Visualization, ML algorithms

Integration Layer Cisco Product examples*How it’s implemented


Perc

eiv

ed v

alu

e

HW

SW


Cisco Spark

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Continue Your Education

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• Related sessions

99BRKOPT-2002

Thank you


Acronyms

ADC Analog Digital Converter

C-SPF Constrained Shortest Path First

CD Chromatic Dispersion

CP-

DQPSK

Coherent Polarisation-Mux Differential Quadrature Phase

Shift Keying

DCU Dispersion Compensating Unit

DSP Digital Signal Processing

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

ELEAF E-Large Effective Area Fibre

ERO Explicit Route Option

FEC Forward Error Correction

FRR Fast Re-Route

FWM Four Wave Mixing

GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching

IC Integrated Circuit

IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers

IETF Internet Engineeing Task Force

ITU International Telecommunications Union

LFA Loop Free Alternate

LMP Link Management Protocol

LSP Labeled Switch Path

NNI Network-Network Interface

NPU Network Processing Unit

NCS Network Convergence System

OCP Optical Control Plane

OEO Optical – Electrical- Optical

OIF Optical Internetworking Forum

OOK On/Off Keying

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

OTN Optical Transport Network

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

ROADM Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

BRKOPT-2002 102


Acronyms (Continued)

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLA Service Level Agreement

SMF

Single Mode Fiber

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

SRLG Shared Risk Link Groups

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

TDM Time Division Multiplexed

TE Traffic Engineering

UNI User-Network Interface

WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network

WXC Wavelength Cross Connect

XPM Cross Phase Modulation

YoY Year over Year

BRKOPT-2002 103

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