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![Page 1: Cisco Certified Network Associate Exam 640-607. Objectives To be able to install and configure Cisco routers. To have a working knowledge of TCP/IP.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bfdb1a28abf838cb0b42/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cisco Certified Network Cisco Certified Network AssociateAssociate
Exam 640-607Exam 640-607
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ObjectivesObjectives
To be able to install and configure Cisco To be able to install and configure Cisco routers.routers.
To have a working knowledge of TCP/IP To have a working knowledge of TCP/IP and be able to design and allocate IP and be able to design and allocate IP addresses for an intranet.addresses for an intranet.
Pass the 640-607 ExamPass the 640-607 Exam
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What you need to knowWhat you need to know
CD in the Sybex bookCD in the Sybex book• Router Simulator and Labs.Router Simulator and Labs.• Practice Exams.Practice Exams.• Book on CD.Book on CD.
Study GuideStudy Guide• Cisco Objectives.Cisco Objectives.• Were to find them in the book.Were to find them in the book.
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AGENDAAGENDA
DAY 1DAY 1• Internetworking (Chapter 1 Sybex, Chapter 2 Internetworking (Chapter 1 Sybex, Chapter 2
Exam Cram)Exam Cram)• OSI Reference Model (Chapter 1 Sybex, Chapter OSI Reference Model (Chapter 1 Sybex, Chapter
3 & 4 Exam Cram)3 & 4 Exam Cram)• TCP/IP and the DOD Reference Model (Chapter 3 TCP/IP and the DOD Reference Model (Chapter 3
Sybex, Chapter 9 Exam Cram)Sybex, Chapter 9 Exam Cram)• Subnetting (Chapter 3 Sybex, Chapter 10 Exam Subnetting (Chapter 3 Sybex, Chapter 10 Exam
Cram)Cram)• Switching Technologies (Chapter 2 Sybex, Switching Technologies (Chapter 2 Sybex,
Chapter 6 Exam Cram)Chapter 6 Exam Cram)• VIRTUAL LAN’s [VLAN’S] (Chapter 6 Sybex, VIRTUAL LAN’s [VLAN’S] (Chapter 6 Sybex,
Chapter 7 Exam Cram) Chapter 7 Exam Cram)
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AGENDAAGENDA
DAY 2DAY 2• Cisco IOS (Chapter 4 Sybex, Chapter 5 Cisco IOS (Chapter 4 Sybex, Chapter 5
Exam Cram)Exam Cram)• IP Routing (Chapter 5 Sybex, Chapter 11 IP Routing (Chapter 5 Sybex, Chapter 11
Exam Cram)Exam Cram)• Router Configuration and Internetwork Router Configuration and Internetwork
Management (Chapter 7 Sybex, Chapter Management (Chapter 7 Sybex, Chapter 8 Exam Cram)8 Exam Cram)
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AGENDAAGENDA
DAY 3DAY 3• Configuring Novell IPX (Chapter 8 Sybex, Configuring Novell IPX (Chapter 8 Sybex,
Chapter 12 Exam Cram)Chapter 12 Exam Cram)• Access Lists (Chapter 9 Sybex, Chapter Access Lists (Chapter 9 Sybex, Chapter
13 Exam Cram)13 Exam Cram)• Wide Area Networking Protocols Wide Area Networking Protocols
(Chapter 10 Sybex, Chapter 14, 15, & 16 (Chapter 10 Sybex, Chapter 14, 15, & 16 Exam Cram)Exam Cram)
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AGENDAAGENDA
Days 4-6Days 4-6• Questions and follow-up.Questions and follow-up.• Hands-on LabsHands-on Labs• Test prep.Test prep.• EXAMEXAM
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Chapter OneChapter One
Internetworking BasicsInternetworking Basics• LANsLANs• WANsWANs
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OSI ModelOSI Model
Why a layered network model?Why a layered network model? How does it work?How does it work?
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OSI ModelOSI Model9-8
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application Network Services – File services, Printing E-mail
(E,C,T) Encryption, compression & Translation of Data
Session Establishment, Management & Tear down
End to End communication, connection oriented vrs.Connectionless, Acknowledged delivery
Addressing & routing (logical address), Path Selection
Media/Cable access, Hardware addressing, Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC)
Bits, Cabling & hardware Binary Translation
Segment
Frames
Bits
Packets orPDU
Transferof
Data
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data LinkBridges and SwitchesAccess
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, SDLCMAC and LLC sublayers
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
NetworkRoutersAddress
ICMP: Ping and TracerouteIP, IPX, ARP, RARP
Data LinkBridges and SwitchesAccess
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, SDLCMAC and LLC sublayers
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
Application
Presentation
Session
TransportProvides end to endManagement & Control
Flow ControlTCP, SPX, NetBIOS
NetworkRoutersAddress
ICMP: Ping and TracerouteIP, IPX, ARP, RARP
Data LinkBridges and SwitchesAccess
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, SDLCMAC and LLC sublayers
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
Application
Presentation
SessionConnection CoordinatorTraffic Cop
NetBIOS, VTAM
TransportProvides end to endManagement & Control
Flow ControlTCP, SPX, NetBIOS
NetworkRoutersAddress
ICMP: Ping and TracerouteIP, IPX, ARP, RARP
Data LinkBridges and SwitchesAccess
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, SDLCMAC and LLC sublayers
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
Application
Presentation
Defines how data should be formated
PICT, MPEG, JPEG. Encryption, Compression, and Translation
SessionConnection CoordinatorTraffic Cop
NetBIOS, VTAM
TransportProvides end to endManagement & Control
Flow ControlTCP, SPX, NetBIOS
NetworkRoutersAddress
ICMP: Ping and TracerouteIP, IPX, ARP, RARP
Data LinkBridges and SwitchesAccess
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, SDLCMAC and LLC sublayers
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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OSI ModelOSI Model
OSI Layer Function Product Examples
ApplicationOverall System Management
Telnet, File and Print, Email SNMP, SMTP, X.400, X.500, FTP
Presentation
Defines how data should be formated
PICT, MPEG, JPEG. Encryption, Compression, and Translation
SessionConnection CoordinatorTraffic Cop
NetBIOS, VTAM
TransportProvides end to endManagement & Control
Flow ControlTCP, SPX, NetBIOS
NetworkRoutersAddress
ICMP: Ping and TracerouteIP, IPX, ARP, RARP
Data LinkBridges and SwitchesAccess
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, SDLCMAC and LLC sublayers
PhysicalR.A.T.H. Cables & Connectors
DTE/DCE copper wire, fiber, RJ-45, RS-232-C
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Transport LayerTransport Layer
Flow ControlFlow Control Connection-OrientedConnection-Oriented WindowingWindowing
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Data EncapsulationData Encapsulation
PDU’sPDU’s Transport Layer: SegmentsTransport Layer: Segments Network Layer: PacketsNetwork Layer: Packets Data Link Layer: FramesData Link Layer: Frames Physical Layer: BitsPhysical Layer: Bits
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Cisco Three Layer ModelCisco Three Layer Model
Core LayerCore Layer Distribution Layer (Workgroup layer)Distribution Layer (Workgroup layer) Access Layer ( Desktop layer)Access Layer ( Desktop layer)
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LAN TechnologiesLAN Technologies Ethernet and IEEE StandardsEthernet and IEEE Standards 802.3 802.3
(802.1 – 802.12)(802.1 – 802.12)• CSMA/CDCSMA/CD• BroadcastsBroadcasts
Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet 802.3u802.3u Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet 802.3q802.3q Token Ring Token Ring 802.5802.5 Fiber Distributed Data Interface Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)(FDDI) 802.10802.10 ATM TechnologyATM Technology LLC LLC 802.2802.2 Token Bus Token Bus 802.4802.4
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CSMA/CDCSMA/CD
All stations are listeningAll stations are listening When clear is free to sendWhen clear is free to send If two send at the same time there is If two send at the same time there is
a collisiona collision Both back off and waitBoth back off and wait When clear, one attempts to sendWhen clear, one attempts to send
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Two ways to transmitTwo ways to transmit
Half Duplex:Half Duplex:• One pair of wiresOne pair of wires• Only transmit or receive not both at the same Only transmit or receive not both at the same
timetime• Only 30 – 40 % efficientOnly 30 – 40 % efficient
Full Duplex:Full Duplex:• Two pairs of wiresTwo pairs of wires• Transmit and receive at the same timeTransmit and receive at the same time• 100% efficiency100% efficiency
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Expanded 802.3uExpanded 802.3u
100BaseTX100BaseTX Twisted pairTwisted pair 100m100m 1000BaseT1000BaseT Twisted pairTwisted pair 100m100m 100BaseFX100BaseFX Fiber opticsFiber optics 412m412m 100BaseCX100BaseCX Copper wireCopper wire 25m25m 100BaseSX100BaseSX Fiber opticsFiber optics 260m260m 100BaseLX100BaseLX Fiber opticsFiber optics 3 – 10k3 – 10k
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Physical LayerPhysical Layer
Repeaters:Repeaters: Class I:Class I: Both 100BaseX and 100Base4 signals.Both 100BaseX and 100Base4 signals. Class II:Class II: either 100BaseX or 100Base4 not both.either 100BaseX or 100Base4 not both. Fasehub300:Fasehub300:
Amplifiers:Amplifiers: Transmitters:Transmitters: Hubs:Hubs:
Passive:Passive: Active:Active:
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TopologiesTopologies
Ring:Ring: Star:Star: Bus:Bus: ATM:ATM:
• A fixed 53 byte cell.A fixed 53 byte cell. Very high bandwidthVery high bandwidth Low delayLow delay Both switching and multiplexingBoth switching and multiplexing
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ReviewReview
Pages 64 – 70Pages 64 – 70
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Chapter TwoChapter Two
TCP/IP Protocol SuiteTCP/IP Protocol Suite
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OverviewOverview
The TCP/IP and DOD Reference ModelThe TCP/IP and DOD Reference Model Process/Application Layer ProtocolsProcess/Application Layer Protocols Host-to-Host Layer ProtocolsHost-to-Host Layer Protocols Internet Layer ProtocolsInternet Layer Protocols Network Access Layer ProtocolsNetwork Access Layer Protocols IP Address ResolutionIP Address Resolution Local ResolutionLocal Resolution The ARP CacheThe ARP Cache Remote ResolutionRemote Resolution
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TCP/IP and the DoDTCP/IP and the DoD
The DoD was created to ensure and The DoD was created to ensure and preserve data integritypreserve data integrity
A Four layered modelA Four layered model
Process/Application
Host-to-Host
Internet
NetworkAccess
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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Process/Application LayerProcess/Application Layer
Protocols include:Protocols include:• DHCPDHCP• DNSDNS• TFTPTFTP• NFSNFS• SMTPSMTP• LPDLPD• X WindowsX Windows• SNMPSNMP
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Host-to-Host Host-to-Host (Transport)(Transport)
Purpose is to shield the upper-layer Purpose is to shield the upper-layer applications from the complexities of applications from the complexities of the networkthe network
Protocols include:Protocols include:• TCPTCP• UDPUDP
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TCPTCP
Segment format:Segment format:
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UDPUDP
Segment format:Segment format:
Source port (16)Source port (16) Destination Port (16)Destination Port (16)
Length (16)Length (16) Checksum (16)Checksum (16)
Data (if any)Data (if any)
Bit 0 Bit 31Bit 15 Bit 16
8 Bits
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Port NumbersPort Numbers
0 – 255 public applications0 – 255 public applications 256 – 1023 are assigned to 256 – 1023 are assigned to
companies to use in their companies to use in their applicationsapplications
0 – 1024 are considered well known.0 – 1024 are considered well known. 1024 – 64k used by upper lay apps.1024 – 64k used by upper lay apps.
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Port NumbersPort Numbers
Well knownWell known
TCP UDP
FTP Telnet SMTP DNS TFTP SNMP
21 23 25 53 69 161
6 17
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Internet Layer Internet Layer (Network)(Network)
All Network paths go through IPAll Network paths go through IP This is the only Layer relating to This is the only Layer relating to
RoutingRouting This layer provides:This layer provides:
• ICMP: Internet Control Message ProtocolICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol PingPing TracerouteTraceroute
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ICMP TestingICMP Testing
Using PingUsing Ping
ICMP Echo Request
ICMP Echo Reply
Is Y Reachable?
Yes, I’mReachable.
X YX Y
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ARP: ARP: Address Resolution ProtocolAddress Resolution Protocol
How Address Resolution worksHow Address Resolution works
Resolve MAC address from IP address
192.168.3.46 192.168.3.44
I want the MAC address of
192.168.3.44
This broadcast is for me. Here is my
MAC address
Source IP: 192.168.3.46Source MAC: 0800.0020.1234Dest. IP: 192.168.3.44Dest. MAC: ffff.ffff.ffff
Source IP: 192.168.3.44Source MAC: 0800.0020.3456Dest. IP: 192.168.3.46Dest. MAC: 0800.0020.1234
X Y
X Y
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RARP: RARP: Reverse ARPReverse ARP
How RARP works:How RARP works:
Resolve IP address from MAC address
What is my IP Address?
I understand the broadcast.
Your IP address is 192.168.3.44
Ethernet: 0800.0020.3456IP:
Ethernet: 0800.0020.3456IP: 192.168.3.44
X Y
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Network Network (Data Link and Physical)(Data Link and Physical)
Monitors the data exchange between the Monitors the data exchange between the host and the network.host and the network.
This layer has:This layer has:• EthernetEthernet• Fast EthernetFast Ethernet• Token RingToken Ring• FDDIFDDI
Responsible for framing the data by placing Responsible for framing the data by placing the MAC address into the frame.the MAC address into the frame.
CRCCRC Specifying the access methodSpecifying the access method
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Logical and Physical AddressLogical and Physical Address
MAC is PhysicalMAC is Physical• 48 bits 48 bits expressed in expressed in 6 bytes6 bytes
3 bytes3 bytes Assigned by IEEE (OUI) Assigned by IEEE (OUI) 3 bytes3 bytes for the serial number of the NIC for the serial number of the NIC
IP AddressIP Address• 32 bits32 bits expressed in expressed in 4 bytes4 bytes• Two parts:Two parts:
NetworkNetwork HostHost
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Chapter ThreeChapter Three
IP Addressing and SubnettingIP Addressing and Subnetting
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OverviewOverview
Numbering SystemsNumbering Systems What is IP Addressing?What is IP Addressing?
• The Hierarchical IP Addressing SchemeThe Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme• Additional Classes of NetworksAdditional Classes of Networks• Who Assigns Network Addresses?Who Assigns Network Addresses?
Subnetting a NetworkSubnetting a Network• Implementing SubnettingImplementing Subnetting• How to Implement SubnettingHow to Implement Subnetting• Subnet MasksSubnet Masks• Can This Be Make Easier?Can This Be Make Easier?
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NumberingNumbering
Dotted DecimalDotted Decimal BinaryBinary HexadecimalHexadecimal
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IP Addressing GuidelinesIP Addressing Guidelines
Cannot use 127Cannot use 127 Network ID cannot be all 1 or 0Network ID cannot be all 1 or 0 Host ID cannot be all 1 or 0Host ID cannot be all 1 or 0 Private IP Address:Private IP Address:
• 10.0.0.010.0.0.0• 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0• 192.168.0.0192.168.0.0
Class D is for MulticastingClass D is for Multicasting Class E is for ExperimentalClass E is for Experimental
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Subnet MaskSubnet Mask
1’s identify the Network mask1’s identify the Network mask 0’s identify the Host mask0’s identify the Host mask 22nn – 2 = Networks – 2 = Networks 22hh – 2 = Hosts – 2 = Hosts
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Default MaskDefault Mask
Class AClass A 255.0.0.0255.0.0.0 Class BClass B 255.255.0.0255.255.0.0 Class CClass C 255.255.255.0255.255.255.0
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Exercises Exercises
Page 7Page 7 Page 8Page 8 Page 10Page 10 Page 13Page 13
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ReviewReview
Lab on page 170Lab on page 170 Questions on pages 171 – 177 Questions on pages 171 – 177
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Chapter FourChapter Four
Switching TechnologiesSwitching Technologies
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Bridges and SwitchesBridges and Switches
Repeater, HUB, ModemRepeater, HUB, Modem
Bridge, SwitchesBridge, Switches
Router, BrouterRouter, Brouter
GATEWAYSGATEWAYS……
Physical
Data Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
ApplicationSA/DAUp to data
MAC Address
Signal
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ReviewReview
Pages 98 – 104 Pages 98 – 104