CIS 191 – Lesson 1

CIS 191AB Textbook

• UNIX and Linux System Administration Handbook 4th Edition

• Authors:– Evi Nemeth– Garth Snyder– Trent Hein– Ben Whaley

• Used for CIS191 andCIS192

• Last year’s book may also be used.

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Opus Linux Serveropus.cabrillo.edu

Remote shell access via SSH. SCPaccess for turning in lab assignments

Each student gets an account on Opus

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Online Help Forum for Students

• Post questions and answers

• Share Linux information

• Post class notes for classmates

who miss class

• Only your real names please!

Note: Posts count towards class participation.

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Remote Access Lab

• Remote Desktop access to cislab.cabrillo.edu

• Student accounts• Access to your own virtual

machine• 24/7 access• Labs may be done

remotely.• Do installations with a

variety of distros.

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

vCenter Server

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Virtual Machines

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

172.30.1.0/24

station-01

nopar

.1

.101

.100

instructor

Internet

netlab

172.30.5.0/24

.10

station-02

.102

station-03

.103

.

.

.

.10

snickers(DHCP)

Classroom Network

.5

cislab

ESXi ServersLab Machines

172.30.4.0/24

nosmo

.101

.102

.103

.110.2

.

.

.

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

http://webhawks.org/~cislab/

In the former recording studio:

• VMware Workstation.

• Multiple ISOs for installation

practice.

•Trouble VM for trouble-shooting

practice for CIS 191.

•Can boot from USB to test custom

distros on pen drives.

•Putty access to Opus.

•CIS Lab Network is 172.30.4.0/24

CIS LabCan do arranged hours in CTC 1404

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Class ExerciseOpus, Website and Forum

Access Opus:

1. Open Putty on Windows desktop

2. Enter opus.cabrillo.edu as hostname

3. Click Open4. Logon with your login

name or guest191 and password on the board.

5. Change your PATH variable to include: /home/cis191/bin

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Class Exercise (continued)Opus, Website and Forum

Access forum:

1. Click on Forum link in top panel of website

2. Click on CIS191 forum

3. Click on first post

4. Register yourself using your first and last name for your username*

*Note, this forum is for CIS students only and not for spammers . Only usernames with that contain actual first and last names of registered students will be approved by the moderator. All other usernames will be rejected.

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Solaris

HP-UXAIX

Mac OS X

SCO UNIX

Operating SystemsVarious UNIX Products

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

OpenSUSE Red Hat 9Fedora

Ubuntu

KnoppixCentOS

Debian

Operating SystemsVarious Linux Distributions

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Linux Distributionscompare and contrast

• Similarities:– kernel from kernel.org– system commands– bash shell– X Windows

• Differences:– Installation programs– Graphical utilities– 3rd party software– Package management

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Operating System

users

programs

hardware

Basic role of a multi-user multi-tasking operating system

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Architecture DependentKernel Code

KernelSpace

ProcessManagement

MemoryManagement

Network Stack

Virtual File System

UserSpace

Device Drivers

Kernel1

Hardware

System Call Interface

Users

Commands & Utilities

Shell

X / Desktops

(multi-user)

GNU C Library (glibc)

Programs (multi-tasking)

Applications

1See “Anatomy of the Linux kernel” by M. Tim Jones at http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-linux-kernel/

GNU/Linux Operating System Architecture

Richard Stallman started the GNU project in 1983 to create a free UNIX-like OS. He Founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985. In 1989 he wrote the first version of the GNU General Public License

Linus Torvalds, as a student, initially conceived and assembled the Linux kernel in 1991. The kernel was later re-licensed under the GNU General Public License in 1992.

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

User SpaceComponents

• Shell (in /bin)• Command interpreter and programming language (scripting)

• Commands and utilities (in /bin, /sbin, /usr)• cat, ping, ls, fdisk, chmod, man, ifconfig, ... 100’s more

• X / Desktops (in /usr)• X window managers, gnome, kde, etc.

• GNU C Library (in /lib)• Math, string, input, output, logging, kernel system calls, etc.

• Applications (in /usr, /opt)• Browsers, word processing, spreadsheets, software development, administration, databases, web servers, etc.

Design• Programs restricted to the privileges of the user running them• Unlike Windows, the GUI does not run in the kernel• Unlike Windows, multiple graphical desktops available

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

The Linux Kernel (in /boot)Major Subsystems:

• System Call Interface • mechanism for user space programs to request kernel services.

• Process Management • handles fork, exec, exit, kill, signals, CPU scheduling, etc.

• Memory Management • allocation, usage tracking, paging, etc.

• Virtual File System• open, close, read, write, caching, etc.

• Architecture Dependent Kernel Code• Drivers (dynamically loadable drivers are in /lib/modules)

Design• Linux kernel is “monolithic”, not a “microkernel”• Dynamic – can load and unload modules on the fly• Over time has become efficient, stable and portable

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

UNIX/Linux User Interfaces

GUI - Graphical User Interface

CLI – Command Line Interface

TUI - Text User Interface (uses curses library)

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Types of Installations

• CD, DVD, or ISO image• Live CD/DVD• Attended vs. Unattended• Local vs. Network• Imaging software (Ghost, ImageCast)• Build from scratch

CIS 191 – Lesson 1

Three steps to an installation

1. Prepare the storage devicePartition the disk

Format the filesystems Select mount points for those filesystems

2. Copy the selected packagesPackage groups, packages, files

3. Write out the boot loaderMBR or boot sector (GRUB, LILO, SYSLinux)

Everything else is configuration